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Možnosti využití erikoidní mykorhizy při rozmnožování vybraných odrůd zahradních borůvek.
Čižimská, Radka
The aim of this thesis was to verify whether it is possible to use mycorrhizal symbiosis in nursery production of selected varieties of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum). In the theoretical part, a literature review on a given topic was elaborated. The methodology of the experiment was elaborated within the practical part. Practical experiments were carried out on experimental plots of the Institute of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants in Brno during 2018. During the growing season, growth indicators, physiological indicators, root system size and the degree of root colonization by mycorrhizal structures were evaluated. The results of my work clearly demonstrate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, especially drought stress. However, it should be noted that it would be useful to devote more time to researching ericoid mycorrhiza and to monitor more indicators to help us understand it better.
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Vliv mykorhizních hub na morfologické a růstové parametry zeleniny
Heinrich, Michal
The task of the experiment was to confirm or reverse the positive and negative effects of mycorrhizal fungus on morphological changes in selected vegetable representatives. Its main part consisted of verification of these influences in the plant of concrete representatives, and other secondary experiments followed. Representatives for this task were Paprika Annual (Capsicum annuum) and Tomato Plant (Lycopersicon lycopersicum). The bulk of the verification took place at the Faculty of Horticulture at Mendel University in Brno. It has been found that the application of mycorrhizal fungus can influence certain quantitative parameters of selected vegetable representatives.
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Change of structure and function of a fungal comunnities in the soil environment after the end of the flowassimilates with Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Mrnka, Libor (referee)
The decomposition of plant biomass is associated with changes of the associated fungal community which is crucial in the process of degradation due to their production of extracellular enzymes. Moreover, fungal communities as well as enzymatic activity are specific for soil microhabitats. This thesis focused on the importance of fungi associated with the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Forest with dominating Norway spruce, located in the School Forest Enterprise Křtiny area in Moravia, was selected for the experiment. The aim of this thesis was to compare the community composition of fungi in the roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil and to describe the gradual development of this community after the death of the roots. The next aim was to isolate, describe and characterize those fungi that decomposed roots 5 and 9 months after tree harvest. Identification of fungal isolates was based on DNA sequencing. Degradation capabilities were determined as the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. Composition of fungal communities was described by sequencing of environmental DNA on the Illumina platform. Before the flow of assimilates from the live trees stopped, communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated with 60 % of all sequences. Increased abundance of saprotrophic...
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Physiological mechanisms of sorghum adaptation to abiotic stresses
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Sorghum is a traditional crop, which has been grown especially in the countries of Africa and Asia. It is used as a food, fodder, source of fiber and energy. Because of its tolerance to various abiotic stresses, especially drought, sorghum is often called "the camel of crops", and there are a lot of studies trying to clarify the basis of this tolerance. Nowadays, suitable sorghum genotypes are considered as an alternative in other parts of the world (North and Middle America, Europe) or to widen the planting areas. The first part of this thesis summarizes results of current studies aimed on sorghum physiological responses to drought, high salinity, extreme temperatures, aluminium toxicity and the combination of these stresses. The second part explains the ways how to alleviate effect of stresses on the plant. It includes the application of various compounds and genetic modifications. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of trehalose in mycorrhizal associations
Šoch, Jan ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a widely spread phenomenon in nature. A translocation of nutrients occurs between symbionts with disaccharide trehalose playing a key role in the process. However, this saccharide fulfils many important roles in metabolism of fungi and plants. Fungi use trehalose mainly as storage and transport saccharide. On the other hand, trehalose occurs in extremely low amounts in plants where it acts as a signal molecule. Thus it is likely that the saccharide could be used by the fungus to manipulate plant metabolism on a physical interface between symbionts. Trehalose has a similar function in many parasitic interactions. In most cases of mycorrhizal associations trehalose synthesis creates a carbon sink in mycelium which leads to saccharide transfer from the host plant to the fungus. Completely different situation occurs in the types of mycorrhizal symbiosis, where saccharides are translocated from a fungus to a plant. Some plants can utilize trehalose effectively as a sole source of energy. Consequently, the question raises - could such plants gain fungal trehalose on purpose as a source of energy and carbon? This review aims to assess and discuss the mentioned possibilities considering available literature. Key words: mycorrhiza, orchids, parazitism, saccharides, sink, symbiosis,...
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Mycorrhisa in fossil record
Kadlecová, Veronika ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is present in the vast majority of extant land plants. Mycorrhizae represent a significant source of nutrients for both partners of the symbiosis and can also provide them with protection or help them survive in less hospitable enviroment. Mycorrhizae is believed to have been just as important in the past and played a major role in evolution of plants, for example in the transition of plants onto land. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is an object of many research works today for its agricultural importance. There is an amount of publications on research of fossil mycorrhizae, but there is still little interest in this issue. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The effect of mycorrhizal nad saprotrophic fungi on yield properties and nitrogen uptake of tomato and leek plants
Kudláčková, Marta ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Baláž, Milan (referee)
Currently looking for alternative approaches to crop production which would be in accord with sustainable development. The present thesis was aimed on testing of organic cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and leek (Allium porrum L.) by using amendment with organic maize biomass (Zea mays L.), mycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophic fungi. The effects of different combinations of microbial inoculations on nitrogen uptake, plant growth and yield were investigated in greenhouse conditions. Supplied 15 N-labelled organic matter was separated from the root system by a nylon mesh which permitted only fungal hyphae to pass through but not plant roots. In the first year experiments the treatments differed in the presence or absence of three factors: organic matter, saprotrophic fungus Agrocybe sp. and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicolaj & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. Plant inoculation with Agrocybe sp. alone or together with G. mosseae increased plant growth of tomato in the presence of organic matter. Tomato yield were not increased significantly. Shoot dry weight of leek increased when plants were treated with mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae and organic matter. Microbial inoculation did not influence nitrogen (15 N) uptake from the organic source. In following experiments, all treatments contained...
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The effect of mycorrhiza on production of plant secondary metabolites
Pikorová, Markéta ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Rydlová, Jana (referee)
Mycorhizal symbiosis, mutualistic relationship between symbiotic fungus and plant roots, is ranked among important interspecies interactions. It is indicated that about 90% terrestrial vascular plants live in this symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the most often occurring type of mycorrhiza and simultaneously the most often occurring type of symbiosis of higher plants. Approximately 80% of all of plant species form this symbiosis. By symbiotic coexistence with fungus plant often gains benefits as for example higher tolerance against stress factors, resistance against pathogens or improvement of nutrient uptake. In recent years in series of works is detected that mycorrhiza positively influences production of plant secondary metabolites. This influence can display quantitativelyby increase of metabolite in plant and also qualitatively by change spectrum of substances produced. These substances can have importance in different spheres for human. Medicinal research regularly extends spectum of substances with bioactive effect which have origin just in the plant secondary metabolism. Target of this thesis is, by the form of literary retrieval, to create an overview of recent state of research regarding of influence of mycorhizal symbiosis on content of secondary metabolites in plants, especially...
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Srovnání kolonizace kořenů rhizosférními mikroorganismy v konvenčně a ekologicky ošetřovaných vinohradech
Millerová, Kateřina
In the diploma thesis the literature dealing with the comparison of root colonization by rhizosphere microorganism in the conventionally and ecologically treated vineyards was collected and studied. The soil samples and the parts of the vine roots from the vineyard of the wine growing Gotberg and vineyard Kačírky were took and analyzed. These samples were used for the survey of root colonization intensity by arbuscular rmycorrhizal fungi and they were also used for determination of the microorganism quantity of the selected physiological groups in the soil. The occurrence of the arbuscular mycorrhiza was studied under an electric light microscope and the result was expressed as a percentage. To extract the microorganisms from the environment the dilution method with the subsequent smear onto agar plates with a suitable medium was used. The results show the higher colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the conventionally cultivated vineyard. However, the occurrence of the soil microorganism, for example, the total amount of microorganisms was in the bio vineyard higher.
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Využití biologických přípravků (řasy, houby, výtažky) při závlaze zeleniny
Kořínek, Jaroslav
Algae has been using in many industrial and agricultural branches since 2 700 B. C. Application of algae, its extracts and preparations containing various extracts -- plant, mycorrhiza fungus, etc. -- in agriculture and horticulture is becoming more and more popular in these days. Several studies proved its positive effect on growth of various plant species. Scientific researches proved its impact on soil quality, growth of roots, plant's growth rate, photosynthesis, plant's quality and yield. Recent studies showed that extracts from seaweed for plant protection prevents from many factors that cause biotic and abiotic stress and also open up a potential of using in terrain. Main reason why biologic preparations should be used in agricultural is salinity and contamination of soil caused by using mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
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