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Optimalizační nástroj pro modely s hlubokým učením
FILIP, Václav
The goal of this thesis is to create a tool capable of optimizing parameters and structure of deep learning models. There are various ways to create a model like changing types and number of layers, various numerical parameters of the layers etc. These parameters greatly influence the quality of the model. Newly created tool is to offer functionalities not offered by any existing solution - these new functionalities are based on comparison of existing solutions. New solution is created in python.
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Modelling eye movements during Multiple Object Tracking
Děchtěrenko, Filip ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Toth, Peter Gabriel (referee)
In everyday situations people have to track several objects at once (e.g. driving or collective sports). Multiple object tracking paradigm (MOT) plausibly simulate tracking several targets in laboratory conditions. When we track targets in tasks with many other objects in scene, it becomes difficult to discriminate objects in periphery (crowding). Although tracking could be done only using attention, it is interesting question how humans plan their eye movements during tracking. In our study, we conducted a MOT experiment in which we presented participants repeatedly several trials with varied number of distractors, we recorded eye movements and we measured consistency of eye movements using Normalized scanpath saliency (NSS) metric. We created several analytical strategies employing crowding avoidance and compared them with eye data. Beside analytical models, we trained neural networks to predict eye movements in MOT trial. The performance of the proposed models and neuron networks was evaluated in a new MOT experiment. The analytical models explained variability of eye movements well (results comparable to intraindividual noise in the data); predictions based on neural networks were less successful.
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Animal Models of Intrauterine Infections
Schuma, Marek ; Šplíchalová, Alla (advisor) ; Seifertová, Eva (referee)
In mammals, embryonic and fetal development takes place in the mother's uterus under sterile conditions. The embryo, and later the fetus, is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord and floats in amniotic fluid in the amniotic cavity lined by the amniotic membrane. Preterm birth is associated with decreased weight of newborns and increased morbidity and mortality. Intrauterine infections are one of the leading causes of preterm delivery. Various etiological agents, such as viruses, bacteria, yeasts and protozoa, can cause these infections. These infections induce expression of inflammatory mediators, which participate in triggering of preterm birth. One of these mediators are cytokines. The bachelor thesis is based on a literature review dealing with animal models of prenatal infections, which are exploited in the study of regulatory mechanisms of preterm births or eventually in the study of experimental manipulation of these mechanisms. Various infectious agents and their parts, such as LPS, and the routes of administration are compared. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different animal models are discussed with respect to the type of placentation, duration of gestation, animal weight and litter size. The thesis contains the section dealing with experience with a pig model...
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Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7
Svobodová, Lenka ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
TITLE: Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7 AUTHOR: Bc. Lenka Svobodová DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Marie Tichá, CSc. ABSTRACT: The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part looks at the cognitive process of pupils and possible ways of their motivation during fractions teaching. Furthermore, it outlines causes of lack of understanding of fractions and re-education interventions. The empirical part is based on a qualitative research whose main objective was to determine how the pupils are able to solve fractions exercises independently and creatively and what mistakes they make. Various methods of data collection were used, such as interview with teachers on issues of fractions teaching in elementary schools, non- standardised test with fractions exercises and additional interview with the tested pupils. This part also describes the preparation of the research, the research itself and its results KEYWORDS: fractions, interpretations, representations, models, misunderstandings, mistakes, teaching approaches
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Critical areas of mathematics at the primary school - analysis of teachers' didactic practices (linear equations)
Nováková, Anežka ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Kritická místa matematiky na základní škole (Analýza didaktických praktik učitelů - lineární rovnice) Critical Areas of Mathematics at the Primary School (Analysis of Teachers' Didactic Practices - Linear Equations) Abstract The goal of the diploma thesis is to describe didactic practices used by primary teachers when teaching linear equations, seen as one of the critical moments of primary school mathematics. First, semantic and structural models of linear equations and ways of teaching linear equations as suggested by selected textbooks for primary schools are described. Next, on the basis of literature review, pupil' problems and types of mistakes they make in this area are given. My research consisted of semistructured interviews with five experienced mathematics teachers and observations of their lessons. The interviews and observations were transcribed and the transcriptions were analysed by techniques of grounded theory. It was found out that the teachers use common didactic practices as well as their own which they develop. The practices, models which the teachers use when teaching linear equations, approaches to introducing equivalent operations, as well as a list of critical places within linear equations are the main results of the work. Keywords: Linear equations, models, pupils' problems,...
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Fractions - Some Difficulties of Pupils and Teaching Approaches of Teachers
Vejmelková, Eliška ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
(anglicky) Fractions are one of the critical areas of mathematics at the primary school. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe didactic practices used when teaching fractions (focusing in particular on additive operations with fractions) and find out what strategies are used by pupils at selected tasks focusing on fractions, what difficulties are an obstacle in their successful solutions and what images of fractions the pupils have. The theoretical part contains considerations about the teaching and learning of mathematics, the overview of the historical development of the concept of fraction and operations with fractions and also selected research related to fractions. The practical part begins with the analysis of the textbooks where their semantic and structural models used for fractions are identified as well as ways of teaching operations with fractions. My own research consists of semi-structured interviews with five experienced teachers (one of whom is not qualified) on the topic of teaching fractions, the difficulties of pupils with fractions and of clinical interviews with three pupils from different primary schools. Interviews with the pupils were focused on the solution of the diagnostic tasks in the field of fractions. Transcripts of both interviews were analyzed by techniques...
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Bayesian models of eye movements
Lux, Erik ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Toth, Peter Gabriel (referee)
Attention allows us to monitor objects or regions of visual space and extract information from them to use for report or storage. Classical theories of attention assumed a single focus of selection but many everyday activities, such as playing video games, suggest otherwise. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism which can explain the ability to divide attention has not been well established. Numerous attempts have been made in order to clarify divided attention, including analytical strategies as well as methods working with visual phenomena, even more sophisticated predictors incorporating information about past selection decisions. Virtually all the attempts approach this problem by constructing a simplified model of attention. In this study, we develop a version of the existing Bayesian framework to propose such models, and evaluate their ability to generate eye movement trajectories. For the comparison of models, we use the eye movement trajectories generated by several analytical strategies. We measure the...
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Bayesian models of eye movements
Lux, Erik ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Toth, Peter Gabriel (referee)
Attention allows us to monitor objects or regions of visual space and extract information from them to use for report or storage. Classical theories of attention assumed a single focus of selection but many everyday activities, such as playing video games, suggest otherwise. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism which can explain the ability to divide attention has not been well established. Numerous attempts have been made in order to clarify divided attention, including analytical strategies as well as methods working with visual phenomena, even more sophisticated predictors incorporating information about past selection decisions. Virtually all the attempts approach this problem by constructing a simplified model of attention. In this study, we develop a version of the existing Bayesian framework to propose such models, and evaluate their ability to generate eye movement trajectories. For the comparison of models, we use the eye movement trajectories generated by several analytical strategies. We measure the similarity between...
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Usefulness of habitat suitability models in research of orchid spatial distribution
Linyucheva, Anastasia ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Šímová, Irena (referee)
The subject of this thesis is to summarise information about use of the habitat suitability models with a focus on orchids modelling. Habitat suitability modelling is used to study the relationship between the occurrence of the species and the environmental factors of its habitat. Modelling orchid species is especially useful for modelling of rare and endangered species, it can accurately predict the occurrence of different species under future climatic conditions and in non-native localities. Appearance of mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi is a specific factor affecting distribution of most orchids, but it is very problematic to include it in modelling. Also, there is an uncertainty about an impact of this factor on orchid distribution. Results of different modelling methods are sometimes controversial, this issue is studied, but there are no such studies in orchids modelling. Keywords: Orchids, spatial distribution, models, distribution, prediction
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Basics of Molecular Biology at Secondary Schools by Hands-on Activities
Pinkr, Tomáš ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this study is to prepare and verify a molecular biological teaching cycle. This cycle is focused on hands-on activities, critical thinking and student's activity. A total of 99 pupils from two elementary schools (9th grade) and one multi-year grammar school (equivalent to primary schools) participated in the verification. They helped to create an attractive learning cycle from molecular biology, which can be used directly without major modifications and low cost.
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