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Cross-sectional study of selected legal regulations in the field of alcohol with a specific focus on the methanol case
Fialová Mikešová, Tereza ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: In 2012, there were massive poisonings with harmful alcohol laced with methanol throughout the Czech Republic. As a result of intoxications, not only death but also damage of health of various degrees occurred. The event, which directly endangered public health, brought new experience and, among other things, confirmed the thesis accepted in professional circles that no way of consuming alcohol is necessarily safe or even beneficial to health, which is why there is a need to change the approach to alcohol. Aim: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to briefly describe the development of selected legislative regulations aimed at reducing alcohol consumption on our territory from the establishment of the independent republic to the present day and to describe the procedure and measures applied by state administration authorities during methanol poisonings and the effects of this phenomenon on the further development of legislation in the context of the event. Methods: Content qualitative analysis of written materials was used. In the first place, suitable documents issued by state administration bodies, legal regulations published in the Collection of Laws and media communications were selected. The obtained data were subsequently subjected to a qualitative content analysis, on the basis of...
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Application of carbon based electrodes for electrochemical detection in flow system
Mika, Jan ; Dejmková, Hana (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
Carbon is due to its electrochemical properties a favourite material for construction of electrodes suitable for detection in flow system. The two most often used techniques (coulometric and amperometric) will be discussed in this Thesis. Carbon paste electrodes (CPE) represent the amperometric detectors. CPE are unstable in the medium with high content of organic solvents, which might complicate their application in HPLC, where the mobile phase contains organic component. It is interesting, that glassy carbon paste electrodes are more stable under such conditions. The change of surface and response of the electrode caused by the effect of methanol are described in this Thesis along with the possible reason of stability of GCPE. Roughing of the surface exposed to methanol is demonstrated by confocal microscopy. This effect leads to increase of height of the peak, background current and noise and to the shift of peak potential to less positive values. These changes are dependent on the time of exposure and the concentration of methanol. Coulometric detectors work with high conversion effectiveness and sensitivity, but in case of their passivation, reactivation is a relatively complicated problem, often leading to the replacement of electrode material. Answer to this problem can be given by using...
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Cognitive sequelae from methanol poisoning
Bernášková, Lucie ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
This thesis focuses on cognitive functions in patients after methanol poisoning. The theoretical part consists of a description of methanol, characteristics of methanol poisoning and its neurological sequelae. Methanol poisoning affects the basal ganglia, therefore we describe them and their role in cognitive processes. The theoretical part also describes a case of mass methanol poisoning in the Czech Republic in 2012-2013. The practical part compares results of a control group and a group of patients poisoned with methanol in cognitive assessment. Results show that the patients after methanol poisoning have significantly lower scores in tasks testing memory and executive functions than the control group.
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Issues of stopping the hydration of alkali-activated slag using organic substances
Chadima, Jan ; Novotný, Radoslav (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
This thesis deals with the stopping of hydration of alkali activated slag by organic solvents and investigates to what extent the selected organic solvent affects the results of the analyses. The solvents used were acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, isopropanol and methanol, and this is because these are the most commonly used organic solvents in practice. Thermogravimetric analysis along with differential thermal analysis was used to assess the degree of influence of organic solvents on the alkali activated slag and Portland cement samples. Methanol and acetone affected the samples the most and the longer the sample was stored in the solvent, the more it reacted with the organic solvent. The adverse interaction of organic solvent was greatest for the Portland cement samples. Samples that were rinsed with diethyl ether prior to analysis had lower mass losses than samples that were not rinsed. In the case of alkali activated slag, it was found that the way in which the thermogravimetric results were affected by organic solvents was highly dependent on the activator used, with the smallest effect observed for Na2CO3 activation, while the largest effect was observed for NaOH activation at temperatures below 600 °C, and for higher temperatures for water glass activation.
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Gait impairment in movement disorders.
Poláková, Kamila ; Brožová, Hana (advisor) ; Čakrt, Ondřej (referee) ; Baláž, Marek (referee)
Summary: Movement disorders are caused by impairment of the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal connections. The most common is Parkinson's disease (PD), characterised by hypokinesia together with resting tremor and / or rigidity, which may be influenced by dopaminergic therapy or invasive methods, including deep brain stimulation (DBS). Gait and balance disorders are part of the Parkinson's syndrome, progress during the disease course and limit daily activities, quality of life, may lead to falls and contribute to higher mortality of the patients in the late stages. Therapy is difficult. Gait disorders and parkinsonism may occur also in other diseases, including intoxications which may also lead to basal ganglia impairment. The theoretical part include the physiology of gait, gait disorders and examination. The section devoted to movement disorders focuses on Parkinson's disease and methanol intoxication. The practical part consists of 3 studies evaluating gait disorder in patients with advanced PD and possibilities of the treatment, the 4th study documents gait disorder in survivors after mass methanol poisoning with outbreak between 2012 and 2014 in the Czech Republic. The result confirm the effect of DBS in step length prolongation and gait speed increment in patients with PD. Compensation strategies using...
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Methanol as an alternative fuel
Balcárek, Ondřej ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis is a topic review of problematics of alternative fuel solutions, in particular of methanol and it's production. The aim was to describe properties and possibilities of use of methanol, not only as fuel, but also as a raw material in chemical industry. The information was obtained mainly from English-written sources. Finally, in conclusion part, use and potential of methanol in period of transition to renewable sources is being reviewed.
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Role of therapeutic approach in the treatment outcome, hospital costs, one-year post-hospital medical costs and quality of life in the patients who survived acute methanol poisoning.
Rulíšek, Jan ; Zacharov, Sergej (advisor) ; Máca, Jan (referee) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee)
(English) Background: Methanol poisoning is severe medical condition with a need of urgent intensive treatment. Mass poisoning outbreak took place in the Czech Republic in 2012-2013. Costs of hospital treatment of methanol poisoning present significant financial burden to healthcare systems. The effect of treatment modality choice on clinical outcome and healthcare costs is not known, as well as its impact on the quality of life of methanol poisoning survivors after hospital discharge. Aim: To compare different therapeutic methods, choice of antidote (fomepizole versus ethanol) and extracorporeal elimination method (intermittent vs. continuous dialysis) for optimizing clinical outcome, cost-effectiveness, hospital costs, post-discharge costs, and the quality of life in survivors. Methods: For prospective cohort study, all patients hospitalized with acute methanol poisoning were included (n=106); for hospital and one-year healthcare costs study, all survivors of acute methanol poisoning (n=83) were included. For longitudinal quality of life study all survivors with informed consent (n=54) and control group of chronic alcohol abusers, age- and gender-balanced, without history of methanol poisoning (n=23), were included. Results: Comparative data of clinical effectiveness of elimination techniques...
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Prospective study of the role of oxidative stress in acute methanol poisonings.
Hlušička, Jiří ; Zacharov, Sergej (advisor) ; Lambert, Lukáš (referee) ; Pohanka, Miroslav (referee)
5 SUMMARY Context: Acute methanol poisoning is a life-threatening condition. Methanol is metabolized in the organism to formaldehyde and than to formic acid, which inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria and thus contributes to the development of oxidative stress. Aim: To study the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute neuronal damage to the central nervous system (CNS), in the development of long-term sequelae of methanol poisoning and chronic neurodegenerative processes in the years following acute methanol exposure. Material and Methods: Methanol intoxication was confirmed analytically in 55 patients included in he d ; hei age a he ime f i ning a 46.7 3.6 ea (9 female and 46 male ). All a ien , together with 41 control subjects, were examined in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. At admission, during hospitalisation, and at regular intervals after discharge during the follow-up, the patients were sampled for serum concentrations of lipid oxidative damage markers 4-hydroxy-trans-2- hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-isoprostane, for nucleic acids oxidative damage markers 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8- OHG), 5- (hydroxymethyl) uracil (5-OHMU), for proteins oxidative damage markers ortho-tyrosine (o- Tyr),...
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Utilization of carbon dioxide in power engineering
Svoboda, Kryštof ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of carbon dioxide as a source of energy in the form of carbonaceous fuels. The first part describes the possibilities of carbon dioxide capture and its subsequent storage. The second part is dedicated to the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonaceous fuels. In the third and final part of the thesis, these fuels are then evaluated for their utilization and compared with commonly used fuels.
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Laboratory Separation of Methanol from the Azeotropic Mixture (25 wt% Methanol and 75 wt% trimethylborate.
Gaálová, Jana ; Vojtek, Lukáš ; Izák, Pavel
The work deals with laboratory separation of methanol from the azeotropic mixture (25 wt% methanol and 75 wt% trimethylborate). Four different manufactured membranes were tested. For all except one separation, separation was more or less successful. With PVA 4155-80 / 2871 the separation proceeded with good results, but very slowly, a condition that could increase the reaction rate could be an increase of temperature. Most selective membrane from Sulzer was PDMS 4155 -30/305 R, which separated MeOH with high efficiency and fast enough. The completely opposite effect than pervious membranes had the membrane PDMS 4060, which instead of MeOH separated Trimethylborate.
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