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Comparing the eating habits of children in the Czech republic and Slovakia
Ondová, Adriána ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
dětské obezity celosvětově stoupá. Dle studie HBSC, děti z České republiky Slovenska konzumují nadměrné množství slazených nápojů, sladkostí a naopak jedí málo zeleniny a ovoce, nesnídají, mají málo pohybu a tráví dvě a více hodin denně u počítače nebo Teoretická část je věnována příčinám rozvoje obezity v dětském věku, její diagnostice prevenci. Další část je věnována vývoji stravování v ém dětství, pohybové aktivitě doporučeným zdravým stravovacím návykům. praktické části byly použity dotazníky, které byly rozdány ve čtyřech základních školách v České republice (Základní škola Campanus, Praha 4 a Základní škola T. G. Masaryka, Velim) a na Slovensku (Základní škola Sídlisko JUH, Vranov nad Topľou Základní škola Sečovská Polianka). Zkoumaný soubor dětí z ně základní školy České republice (ČR) a Slovenské republice (SR) byl rozdělen na děti s děti s nadváhou nebo obezitou. Skupiny dětí z I. a II. stupně z obou států byly porovnávány mezi sebou, byly zjišťovány rozdíly v nápojů. Současně bylo zjišťováno, zda snídají, jak často se věnují pohybové aktivitě a hodin denně tráví u počítače/TV. Studie ukázala, že české obézní děti konzumovaly více ovoce a zeleniny, ale měly ily více času u počítače/TV. Slovenské obézní děti konzumovaly dostatek ovoce, ale mnohem méně zeleniny než české děti, ale naopak měly více...
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The genetic background of obesity and its treatment with bariatric surgery
Lischková, Olga ; Bendlová, Běla (advisor) ; Šeda, Ondřej (referee) ; Mráz, Miloš (referee)
Obesity is a frequent metabolic disease that causes many other health and socioeconomic complications. Obesity arises due to excessive energy intake and decrease in energy expenditure, which is a conseqence of contemporary lifestyle. Moreover, obesity has a strong genetic component. Common obesity is polygenic, multifactorial disease, in which individual genes interact with each other and with environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies, conducted between 2006-09, led to the discovery of dozens of gene loci that predispose individuals to obesity. The strongest signals were registered for polymorphisms in FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) and near a gene MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor). However, the contributions of these variations on the phenotype of obesity are very small, therefore, it is necessary to validate the results of such robust studies. It is very important to uncover the effects of genetic variants for understanding the molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism. The studies presented in this thesis refer about the impact of polymorphisms in selected genes on anthropometric and metabolic parameters of the patients of the Institute of Endocrinology and of healthy volunteers who underwent functional tests. Our cohort includes a representative sample of Czech children (COPAT...
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Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Králové
Senecký, Petr ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Větrovský, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Kralove Targets: The targets of thesis is to determine prevalence of the obesity in men at age 30 - 50 years in Hradec Kralove. The necessary data for this empirical research will be obtained on the basis of the questionnaires distributed among 30 active athletes and 30 pacients of prof. Martinik's diabetology office, who suffer from obesity and undergo treatment in his office. Subsequently, I will perform a deep analysis of all the data obtained from the questionnaries, in order to identify hazard factors for obesity, stress management, physical aktivity, fixed daily routine and life management or the prevalence of the genetic load in the group of surveyed athletes and surveyed obese patients of prof. Martiník's diabetology office. These data will be then compared in order to identifily the main differences between active athletes and obese patients. Methods: The empirical research was conducted at 30 randomly selected active athletes (at age 30 - 50 years), who live in Hradec Kralove and at 30 random patients (also at age 30 - 50 years) of prof. Martiník, who also live in Hradec Kralove and undergo medical treatment on the basis of the questionnaire, which I created myself and filled personally with the patients and athletes in order to...
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Awareness of overweight people and people without overweight on the risk of cardiovascular dise
Hladíková, Lenka ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis deals with awareness of overweight and non-overweight people about of the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The goal is to determine the level of knowledge of both groups in the section of cardiovascular diseases and their interest in this issue. Next goal is to determine the degree of difference in awareness in this issue between the sexes. The theoretical part provides information about obesity (causes, symptoms, complications, treatment). It also deals with frequent cardiovascular diseases - hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, and dyslipidemia. One of chapters is devoted to projects that address prevention of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The practical part of work describes examined group that participated in the survey. Analysis of the results shows that people who are not overweight or obese are more informed about the risks of cardiovascular disease than overweight and obese people, because they are less interested in this issue. Women are better informed in the section of cardiovascular diseases than men. 14 individuals out of 89 members of research is interested in the issue of cardiovascular diseases. Only 12 individuals is adequately informed of the issue of cardiovascular disease. Work includes eating plan...
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The genetic background of obesity and its treatment with bariatric surgery
Lischková, Olga
Obesity is a frequent metabolic disease that causes many other health and socioeconomic complications. Obesity arises due to excessive energy intake and decrease in energy expenditure, which is a conseqence of contemporary lifestyle. Moreover, obesity has a strong genetic component. Common obesity is polygenic, multifactorial disease, in which individual genes interact with each other and with environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies, conducted between 2006-09, led to the discovery of dozens of gene loci that predispose individuals to obesity. The strongest signals were registered for polymorphisms in FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) and near a gene MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor). However, the contributions of these variations on the phenotype of obesity are very small, therefore, it is necessary to validate the results of such robust studies. It is very important to uncover the effects of genetic variants for understanding the molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism. The studies presented in this thesis refer about the impact of polymorphisms in selected genes on anthropometric and metabolic parameters of the patients of the Institute of Endocrinology and of healthy volunteers who underwent functional tests. Our cohort includes a representative sample of Czech children (COPAT...
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