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Využití samokrmítkových systémů pro okounovité ryby
HOMOLA, Ondřej
This diploma thesis researched the use of self-feeding systems in intensive aquaculture of pikeperch and perch, serving to optimize the production of these fish species. In the experiment with the pikeperch, there was studied the effect of the various types of feeding methods including self-feeders on the production indicators and feeding behavior. In the experiment with the perch, there was studied the influence of the stocking density on the production indicators and feeding behavior using self-feeding.
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Porovnání welfare koní v různých podmínkách chovu
Jeřábková, Michaela
Thesis is deals about evaluation of welfare in diferent conditions in horse breeding. The aim is to characterize the welfare of horses in the stables monitored including pastoral areas, setting out the main values of welfare for the experiment, all to assess, prepare and submit proposals for improvement. To obtain data were compiled questionnaire survey. To the study was visited 26 stables with a total of 100 horses. The study included stables with individual boxes, group boxes, stanchion barns and today very prosperous stay in the pasture. It found the combination of individual box and grazing. In terms of welfare was further assessment of feeding, health care and social behavior in the herd of horses and behavior to humans. The most numerous breed was rated Czech Warmblood, English Thoroughbred, but draught-horse horse too. The number of 52 horses used for recreational riding. The most common type of housing is in box, which spent 37% of evaluated horses. Another very popular type of breeding horses is on pasture, which accounted for 35% of horses. Evaluation was carried out of stall the type of housing and at 8 horses. Up to 60% of horses is moderate condition. Direct contact with other horses is 96%. Top Rated welfare was the larger ones stables, but at the expense of a large workload horses. The worst welfare had stable with one horse where the horse has a very poor environmental conditions and care.
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Feeding dogs the natural way
Beranová, Daniela ; Rozinek, Jiří (advisor) ; Libuše, Libuše (referee)
The bachelor thesis has the character of literary research. Focusing on feeding dogs the natural way. It is divided into several chapters.
The first chapter describes the digestive tract of the dog, its parts and operations which it provides. First described digestive system overall, and its importance for the body of the dog. The first part of the digestive system is the head portion, which include the mouth, including teeth, and pharynx. In the pharynx the digestive crosses paths with breathing. Epiglottis separates the head portion from the front intestine, which starts and continues through the esophagus into the stomach. It is connected to the small intestine, which parts are duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Small intestine enters the large intestine. It has three distinct parts: cecum, colon and rectum. Rectum narrows the anal canal, which ends anus. Further additives are described intestine organs and their functions. They are the liver and pancreas.
The second chapter focuses on the fact that the dog is a carnivore. Briefly summarized the emergence of dog domestication of the wolf and his digestive system, since it is still very similar. Changing digestion is a process that requires several hundred years. This section also describes what nutrients are important in the food contained a brief description. Another important part of the food is fresh water.
The third chapter is a division of commercially produced feed. They are divided according to water content and the method of preservation, according to the quality of raw materials and by ages, sizes and breeds workload. The next section summarizes the book by Dr. Hans-Ulrich Grimm. He is a journalist and author of several books that reveal the truth about industrial foods and certain brands in the industry.
The main part deals with the natural food for the dog. Is it a combination of meat, vegetables, fruits and sometimes other supplements, such as dairy products, cereals, herbs and much more. This chapter summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of feeding a natural food.
Finally, the work distinguishes the difference benefit the dog fed first industrially produced feed, then the natural food.
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Influence of extrusion of oat on the nutritional value and palatability in adult warm-blood horses
Slováková, Jana ; Plachý, Vladimír (advisor) ; Dušan, Dušan (referee)
Oat is still the most used grain in horse nutrition, but the options of processing are extended. Extruded oat shows an alternative to feeding whole or flaked oats. Its advantage is better utilization, so it is possible to feed smaller amount of feed.
Literary part of this writing contains general information about oats, horse nutrition and extrusion. In the oat part we focus on composition and utilization. Chapter horse nutrition is aimed on parts of digestive system, which is related to intake of feed. Chapter extrusion is mostly about the oportunity to use grain, extra attention is laid on trasformation of starch during extrusion. The last part is dedicated to suitability of oat as horse feed and on features of extruded oat and its utilization in horse nutrition.
During experiment was made measurement of time needed to intake 500 g od whole or extruded oat in 5 mature warm-blood horses in JK Počin Dolní Počenice. Each form of feed was measured for 7 days.
Time of intake of this amount od whole oat was 3 minutes and 18 seconds +- 8,9 seconds. Extuded oat was eaten with difficulty, that is why we begun to feed wetted extuded oat. This way of treatment was eaten by 4 of 5 horses. Time of intake was on average 2 minutes 54 seconds +- 6,73. Whole oat was chewed more, in extruded oats horses sometimes even gobbled.
The wetted extruded oat horses was intook faster than whole oat. Hypotesis was rejected, because horses wetted extruded oats ate faster than whole oats. In dry extruded feed is time of intake enlonged according to literature. Extruded oat is feed suitable for working horses, older horses, horses with teeth problems, in time of teeth exchange, coughing horses and horses difficult to feed. Advantage is longer shelf life of feed.
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Nutritional requirements for reindeer´s breeding (Rangifer spp.)
Toporová, Kateřina ; Svobodová, Ivona (advisor) ; Adéla, Adéla (referee)
Bachelor thesis is summarizing general information about the reindeers preferred nutrient in the wild compared with a recommendation for breeding these animals in the captivity, including the information about potential health problems associated with their unsuitable feeding. Consequential theme is familiarization with the genus Rangifer (or rather with species Rangifer tarandus), from the point of view taxonomic classification, digestive system, nutrient types according to Hofmann (1989), status of populations in the nature, and threat levels in their natural conditions.
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Performance recording in Charollais herd in organic farming
Rechnerová, Martina ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The goal of the thesis was an evaluation of the growth rate of calfs since their birth up until to the 365th day of their life, and reproductive performance in a selected group of the Charolais cattle. Data was gathered from the results of a utility-control carried out by a selected farm (UFARM spol. s.r.o.) from 2009 to 2014. This farm has been operating in an ecological system since 2007. A total of 806 calves has been evaluated. Several factors were selected (sex, lifespan, breed frequency, order of fertilizations, development of delivery, breeding technique, year and month of birth of the calves) that were supposed to prove the influence on the calves' growth rate. From the reproductive factors the meantime, during which was the year's development observed and breeding technique were selected.
Statistical programme SAS 9.3, procedures MEANS, UNIVARIATE, REG, CORR, STEPWISE and MIXED were used to obtain results.
From the results of statistical evaluation, it was possible to prove, that delivery development is affected by weight on the level of significance P < 0,001. The insignificant influence on the growth until the age of 120 days (P < 0,05), weight in 210 days (P < 0,05) and growth until the age of 210 days (P < 0,05) was interesting as well. After observing the influence of the fertilization order on the calf's growth developement, it is fair to state that the order of fertilization has a strong influence only on the calf's weight during delivery (P < 0,001). Birth weight varied strongly in all of the listed fertilization orders (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and higher) on the level of significance. Calfs born to a heifers weighed the least on average (43, 03 kg). On the contrary, the highest average weight of a newborn calves was observed by mothers that gave fourth (45, 68 kg), eighth and higher fertilization (45,69 kg).
The influence of sexual dimorphism on the development of all growth factors of calves is apparent from the results (weight and growth since birth to the 365th day of life) and benefits the males (bulls) with the level of sigficance P < 0,001. One year's influece has been proven on almost all of the calves' growth factors (weight and growth since birth to the age of 365 days) on the significance level P < 0,001. Further observation showed that year 2009 had no influence on weight in 120 days and growth up until 120 days. Years 2012 and 2013 had no influence on calves' weight at 365 days, as well as on growth at 365 days.
In 2014, on average highest, statistically proven values in all the monitored parameters. Furthermore, influence of the month, in which the calf was born, has been proven to have influence on weight at 210 days, growth at 210 days, growth (up to day 365) and weight at 365 days (P < 0,05). During further observation, statistically relevant differences depending on the month of birth have been recorded only in growth up to 210 days and in weight on day 365 (P < 0,05). The heaviest calves at the age of 365 were those born in March and, on the other hand, those born in April weighed the least. The chosen breeding technique influeced particularly the growth since birth (P < 0,01), weight at 210 days (P < 0,01) and growth until 210 days (P < 0,05). Less influenced is the weight at 120 days and growth up to 120 days of age. Except for the birth weight, the values of growth coefficients were higher in natural breeding. Analysis of results proved multiparity to be influetial on the calves' growth rate. Litter size influenced foremost the birth weight, weight at 120 and 210 days, and growth up to 120 days of age and 210 days of age on the significance level P < 0,01. A statistically less significant influence of the (litter size / breeding frequency) on the growth since birth and weight at 365 days was observed. All of the growth coefficients were higher in one offspring
(only child/calf).
The selected factors (calf's year of birth and fertilization method) had a statistically significant influence on the postpartum anestrus (P < 0,001). The duration of postpartum interval varied in all monitored years (2009/2014) on the significance level P < 0,01.
On average, the highest number of days had the postpartum interval in 2012 (379,60) and the least number of days had the 2009 postpartum interval (282,50). postpartum inverval duration is proven to be influenced by the breeding technique on the significance level P < 0,01.
Only in 2009 and in inseminated cows did the average length of the postpartum interval not meet the requirements set by breeding objective of the charoalais cattle.
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Impact of selected factors on laying hens and egg quality.
ZDICHYNEC, Martin
In accordance with the specification of the thesis I developed a methodology target program and I watched it four identical halls, which have different technology housed laying hens. In this thesis are analyzed indicators lay in the selected poultry company in the South Bohemia for the impact of housing hens, their nutrition and feeding. In the selected company enterprise on the one hand technology is used enriched cages EUROVENT - EU Big Dutchman and on the one hand technology aviary housing system used LIBRA with the Italian company of SKA.
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Evaluation of cattle rearing on the family farm
VRHEL, Marek
This bachelor thesis is focused on the evaluation of production and reproductive performances of the Jan Vrhel family farm herd in the period 2007 - 2013 and then compared with yearbooks tracking periods with the herds of businesses with established KU (performance testing). The basic economic fundamentals of business profitability were also evaluated , which indicate that the business is sustainable only by contributing grants. Technological methods of rearing calves and heifers were evaluated as well and point to a lower level of breeding and reproductive labor. According to the prescribed diet and analysis of compound feed, it possible to evaluate the status and quality of feeding and nutrition, which is derived from high-quality farm produced feed. Overall evaluation of feeding and nutrition of the cattle in the family business Jan Vrhel, is good. Milk yield was evaluated according to the amount of sold milk and the state of the dairy cows. The evaluation showed that the family business dairy cows are slightly below the average dairy herd with established KU (performance testing)in Czech Republic in the period 2007 -2013. Overall, the Jan Vrhel farm is below the average herd in the Czech Republic with established KU, but due to good investment and improving reproductive and breeding work would be possible to achieve optimal values of all the quality indicators.
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The effect of water temperature on early ontogeny in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)during post - embryonic development
FRANTA, Pavel
This theses is made up from two methodologically identical experiments, which involved observing the starting time of key sections of early ontogeny (H95, S95, Re95) at a temperature of 24°C. The experiments used 29 groups of eleuterembryoes/larvae which were fed for 30 days, but timing of initial feeding of exogenous food was different between the groups. The first group began initial feeding at the age 72 hPF and every other group was fed for the first time 6 hours later than the previous group (the last group was fed at the first time at the age 240 hPF). The group, which wasn´t fed exogenous food during the experiment, served as control. The effect of timing of start feeding on morphometric and gravimetric characteristics, size distribution, survival and rate of cannibalism in eleuterembryoes/larvae was examined. A temperature of 24 °C was determined the hatching time of eleuterembryoes after 36, resp. 33 hours (1st, respectively 2nd experiment) from fertilization. The start of intake of exogenous food (S95) was determined at age 123 hPF, yolk sac absorption at age 150 hPF during the 1st experiment. At the 2nd experiment the start of intake exogenous food was determined at age 115 hPF and yolk sac absorption at age 161 hPF. During the interval from H95 to S95 records showed an increased rate of growth, especially the caudal part of the body. At the age from S95 to Re95, growth of unfed larvae was stopped (first effect of starvation). Almost all monitored parametres were significantly affected (P < 0,01) by timing of start feeding except for rate of cannibalism. While the percentage representation of large sized and medium sized individuals (the potential cannibals) was decreased with increasing the time of start feeding, the rate of cannibalism wasn´t changed. However the number of small sized individuals was increased with increasing the time of start feeding. The study of the African catfish confirmed the negative impact on survival, which is caused by a delay in initial feeding. Unlike survival, with morphometric parametres there wasn´t observed a significant decrease in values, provide the larvae was first fed before reaching the age of 216 hPF. It was also found that almost 100 % of the individuals in the control (unfed) group died at age 377 hPF. However the first indications of increasing mortality was observed in age 283 hPF. Based on the above information, the PNR (point of no return) was reached approximately at the age of 270 hPF in African catfish
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