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Alpha-gal - dvě strany jedné mince
ŠABATKOVÁ, Klára
Ticks are interesting ectoparasites for their ability to modulate the host's defense response. This ability of tick saliva is often exploited by pathogens to increase their transmission. Therefore many researchers focused on identification of molecules in tick saliva and their possible medical use. This thesis focuses on the high natural presence of anti-Gal antibodies in human serum and it's interaction with alpha-gal epitope that is expressed on the surface of some pathogens and mammalian cells. This epitope has been identified in tick saliva and some drugs as well.
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Léčba autoimunitních onemocnění helmintoterapií
STRANKMÜLLEROVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis will discuss the impact of gastrointestinal helminths on the human immune system concentrating especially on their therapeutical potency in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Epidemiological studies show a significant difference between developing and developed countries. This inequality gave rise to the two hypotheses: the Hygiene Hypothesis and the Old Friend Hypothesis. These theories mention the fact that exposure to the parasites may lower the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Anti-inflammatory products of helminths modulate the immune system to induce Th2 response (with rising levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines e.g. IL-4, IL-10 a TGF-). Therefore, helminths or their molecules can cure autoimmune inflammatory diseases or even diseases of civilisation.
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Reakce imunitního systému na spirochéty Lymské boreliózy v závislosti na jejich patogenním potenciálu
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Hana
An infectious disease known as Lyme borreliosis is caused by the bacterium Borrelia, which is transmitted to humans by ticks. The bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of the pathogenic potential of three species of bacteria from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, which are characterized by their antigenic equipment. Differences between these species result in different responses of the host immune system and also affect tissue specificity, it determines the target area in the body where a given bacterium persists and causes symptoms typical of its species.
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Hardening as a possibility to improve the function of the immune system
JANKOVSKÁ, Alena
This thesis is about hardening and its effect on the immune system. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the terms health, determinants of health, immune system and its functions, and last but not least the term hardening and its principles and forms. The practical part deals with hardening itself and its effects on the immune system in practice. For seven months, eight respondents aged 26 - 55 years were exposed to cold - either by bathing in cold water or showering with cold water. The result of the work is a subjective assessment of the impact of the respondents' hardening on their bodies and immune systems after the research period. The results show that all respondents reported a positive effect of hardening on their health. These were physical changes such as improved acclimatization to cold, less morbidity or significant improvement in atopic eczema or back pain. Changes were not only found physically, but also mentally, with respondents reporting greater resilience to stress, better mood and more energy. Seven out of eight
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Usage of alternative methods and natural products as means to increase immunity in the adult population of the Czech Republic
NEDBALOVÁ, Martina
For my diploma thesis I have chosen the topic of utilization of alternative methods and natural remedies as means of increasing immunity of the adult population of the Czech republic. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I deal with the explanation of basic terms related to the immune system, function of the immune system and its division, namely to non-specific and specific immunity and further to humoral and cellular immunity. In a separate chapter I talk about natural resources and procedures that support the immune system. I touch on the effects of homeopathy, phytotherapy, hardening, gemmotherapy, forest therapy and the usage of the food supplements. The last chapter deals with the influence of lifestyle on the functioning of the immune system. I talk here mainly about things that have negative influence on the immune system, such as lack of physical activity, lack of sleep, substance abuse and I also mention the negative impact of excessive stress on human health. The theoretical part is followed by the practical park, for which I've set myself four main goals. The primary goal is to determine whether, and if so, what procedures and products are used by the adult population of the Czech republic to improve their immunity. Furthermore, I try to find out whether there are people in the population who visit general practicioner even when they catch just a common cold. The third goal is to find out what is the attitude of the adult population of the Czech republic towards the use of homeopatics for bolstering the immune system. The final goal of the thesis is to find out whether the are adults who used or are still regularly using some food supplement as a preventive measure for bolstering the immune system. Part of this thesis is a quantitative research based on the method of questioning. The questionnaire was compiled on the basis of my research assumptions and it was published online for anonymous completion. My diploma thesis can be used for better orientation in this problematics, as source of information concerning strengthening of immunity by natural means and last but not least also as a guide for direct application of some alternative ways into your lifestyle and thus strengthening your immunity.
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Phenotypic and functional characterization of leukocytes in patients with immune system dysregulation
Fejtková, Martina ; Kanderová, Veronika (advisor) ; Vlková, Marcela (referee) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogenic group of diseases of the immune system causing dysregulations of both innate and adaptive immunity. New altered immune-related genes are discovered every year, nowadays reaching over 400. (Tangye et al., 2020) Here three new autoinflammatory disorders of IEI patients are described. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 are endosomal receptors in the innate immune response against external pathogens and endogenous autoantigens. A dysregulation in TLR7 and TLR8 in mice causes autoimmunity and inflammation, however, in humans, the immunopathology of TLR8 and TLR7 remains unclear. We identified a novel X-linked c.1715G>T mutation in TLR8 that leads to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and autoinflammation in male twins caused by dysregulation in TLR8 and TLR7 response especially in myeloid cells (low TLR8 protein expression, cross-reactivity of TLR8 for TLR7 ligands and enhanced TLR7 response). Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) belongs to the Src family of kinases and is involved in myeloid cell migration, adhesion and degranulation. Kinase activity in the immune response must be strictly regulated. In HCK, this regulation is based on C-terminal inhibitory tyrosine, which when phosphorylated, HCK kinase activity is switched off. We identified a heterozygous...
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The Effect of Hardening on the Human Body
Berounská, Natálie ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of hardening and its effect on the human organism. The goal is to fing out what and whether hardening has any effect on the human organism. The theoretical part describes the history of hardening, its various forms and the principles that we should follow during hardening if we want to experience its positive effect and avoid potential danger. It also includes the hardening of children which has its own specifics. Furthermore, the concept of thermoregulation and other concepts related to physiological processes that také place in the human body not only during and after staying in cold water are explained in the theoretical part. In the practical part, three groups of probands are compered with the help of a questionnaire: 100 sports hardeners, 90 hardeners and 95 non-hardeners. With the help of a quesionnaire, it is determined what and whether hardening has an effect on the human organism. After comparing all three groups, the results show that for the majority of respondents, hardening has a positive effect on both the physical and psychological aspects of a person. It was also conformed, for example, that sports hard people and hard people cope a little beter with disease form a cold (milder and shorter course). In the conclusion, all three groups of...
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Thyroid disorders in pregnancy - immunoendocrinological and metabolic aspects
Vítková, Hana ; Jiskra, Jan (advisor) ; Kosák, Mikuláš (referee) ; Posová, Helena (referee)
Background: The immunological, hormonal and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy and increase the risk of developing some diseases. The aims of this study were: to compare serum concentrations of antibodies against C1q component of complement (anti-C1q) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and healthy pregnant women and to compare urinary iodine concentration (UIC), neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and other thyroid laboratory parameters in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant women. Patients and methods: The "anti-C1q" study included 96 pregnant women with AITD and three control groups: 80 healthy pregnant women, 72 non-pregnant women with AITD and 72 healthy blood donors. The "MBL" study included 212 pregnant women with AITD and 80 healthy pregnant women, and the "urinary iodine concentration" study included 195 pregnant women with GDM and 88 healthy pregnant women. Anti-C1q and MBL concentrations were measured by ELISA, UIC by absorption spectrophotometry after previous alkaline demineralization, and other parameters by standard immunoassay. Results: The anti-C1q and MBL serum concentrations were higher in pregnant women with AITD compared to controls. The anti-C1q concentrations were...
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Polymer-based therapeutics for immunooncotherapy
Kashmel, Pavel ; Etrych, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bárta, František (referee)
This master thesis describes the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and preliminary biological testing of water-soluble polymer conjugates of the model drug ZM241385. This drug was first derivatized and then connected to a polymer carrier in order to prepare a system suitable for targeted drug transport to tumor tissues. Improved pharmacokinetic parameters of the prepared polymeric systems carrying ZM241385 should be the basis for increased therapeutic activity of the polymeric nanosystem in tumor immunotherapy. Polymeric precursors were synthesized by controlled RAFT polymerization in order to prepare highly defined carrier systems. In the framework of this master thesis, two derivatives of the selected drug were prepared, differing in the carboxylic acid used and the mode of their binding to the polymeric carrier. For derivatization, 4-(2-oxopropyl)benzoic acid was used, in which case the prepared derivative was bound to the carrier via a hydrazone bond. This bond is pH sensitive and shows high stability at pH 7.4 (corresponds to the pH of the blood stream), and at a slightly acidic pH 5.5 (corresponds to the microenvironment of the tumor, or endosomes of tumor cells), its rapid hydrolysis occurs. For the second derivative, 5-azidopentanoic acid was used. An uncatalysed click reaction...
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Formation of anti-hCMV immunity
Písková, Lucie ; Žůrková, Kamila (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an ancient double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to subfamily β Herpesvirinae and is ubiquitous in human population. Like other herpesviruses infections, the HCMV primary infection leads to a lifelong latency and the virus reactivates from latency periodically through the whole life. The transmission of this virus depends on direct contact among people. The primary HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals but the reactivated virus is a major cause of diseases in immunocompromised individuals including AIDS patients and allo-graft transplant recipients. This work represents a report about HCMV and its coexistence with the host immune system. The thesis also contains information about complications caused by HCMV in patients who underwent solid-organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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