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Cross-curricular theme "Forest" and forest pedagogy as one of the possibilities of its realization
Kozák, Jaromír ; Švecová, Milada (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Cross-curricular themes are important formative elements of education. A forest ecosystem is an environment with great importance and potential, and knowledge of forest ecosystem, processes taking place in it and human activities associated with it can be included in many educational areas. By combining these two phenomena we gain cross- curricular theme "Forest". A possible instrument for realization this theme is the forest pedagogy. In the theoretical part of the work is the term cross-curricular theme delineated and defined in general and also specifically on the example of cross-curricular theme "Forest". About the forest ecosystem are given knowledge that contribute to spreading the results of forestry research and to modernization of teaching about the forest ecosystem at elementary and secondary schools. The forest pedagogy is introduced as an instrument that can significantly contributes to deepen the learning points about "Forest" and its presentation as cross-curricular theme. In the practical part of this work are the results of a survey that contributed to the findings of the current state of implementation of cross-curricular theme "Forest" in teaching in elementary and secondary schools. They turned out, what is the awareness of forest pedagogy among teachers nowadays, and what...
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Influence of fishpond and agricultural management on the character of outflowing water from the model catchment of Hamerský stream
VLKOVÁ, Dana
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out the differences in chemical and physical parameters of water samples from the Hamerský grook. These samples were taken during the year 2015 from forest, agricultural and fish farming landscape. Measured parameters were: conductance, pH; KNK4,5; NO3-N; PO4-P ; N; organic C and other insoluble substances. Based on the results of samples from forest landscape the lowest values of pH; KNK4,5 and insoluble substances. The highest values of NO3-N were determined in results from agriculture landscape. The maximal values of the most measured parameters were detected at sample collection site "under the Ratmírov lake", especially insoluble substances.
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The Calculation Of The Amount Of Material Injury Caused By The Forests In The Areas Of Implementation Of Water Management Structures
Bureš, Petr ; Čermák, Jan (referee) ; Vala,, Vlastimil (referee) ; Alexandr, Pavel (advisor)
Problem situations in damage to forests as a result of construction activities is the total of its quantification, because of not only to damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the function of the forest, but also to damage to the water feature of the forest. The emergence of the crop damage and forest grounds occurs at the same time damage to the management. Broken water conditions on the forest grounds, inter alia, that the environmental damage (or one of its components), are also material injury for the owner of the forest, because it directly affect the amount of the additional costs linked to its management in the forest. The existing decree MZe ČR no. 55/1999 Coll. on the method of calculating the amount of loss or damage caused to forests assesses only the injury or damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the functions of the forest, but does the forest and its other non-production function as a forest ecosystem. The damage (the material injury) on the water feature of the forest is not the above mentioned decree dealt with. Initially formulated the problem lies in finding the right way of solving how to objectively quantify the financial damage to the forest, inc. damage to the water feature of the forest and thus closer to the actual damage to the exaktnosti forest, resulting in direct connection with the location and the realisation of the buildings.
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The benefits of the proposed methods of calculating the financial damage to the water feature of the forest, which was established in direct connection with the location and the realisation of the buildings
Bureš, Petr
Problem situations in damage to forests as a result of construction activities is the total of its quantification, because of not only to damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the function of the forest, but also to damage to the water feature of the forest. The emergence of the crop damage and forest grounds occurs at the same time damage to the management. Broken water conditions on the forest grounds, inter alia, that the environmental damage (or one of its components), are also material injury for the owner of the forest, because it directly affect the amount of the additional costs linked to its management in the forest. The existing decree MZe ČR no. 55/1999 Coll. on the method of calculating the amount of loss or damage caused to forests assesses only the injury or damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the functions of the forest, but does the forest and its other non-production function as a forest ecosystem. The damage (the material injury) on the water feature of the forest is not the above mentioned decree dealt with.
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Summer fluxes of nitrous oxide from boreal forest
Macháčová, Kateřina ; Pihlatie, M. ; Halmeenmäki, E. ; Pavelka, Marian ; Dušek, Jiří ; Bäck, J. ; Urban, Otmar
Boreal forests cover almost one-third of the global forest area, and results of soil measurements show them to be a natural source of the important greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Nevertheless, N2O fluxes from boreal tree species have been excluded from calculations of N2O exchanges from forest ecosystems. Therefore, our objective was to quantify and scale up the N2O fluxes from stems of mature silver birch (Betula pendula), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as from the forest floor of a boreal forest in Finland during June and July 2014. This study shows that boreal tree species emit N2O from their stems under natural field conditions and significantly contribute up to 8% of forest floor fluxes of N2O. Spruce trees seem to be the strongest N2O emitter among the studied tree species. Moreover, the N2O flux rates from both coniferous tree species increased with decreasing soil water content. This study highlights the necessity to include N2O fluxes from trees within the total greenhouse gas budget of forest ecosystems.
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Content of cesium-137 in forest ecosystem in selected locations
SEBEROVÁ, Pavlína
The human and the whole environment are irradiated from the different sources (natural or artificial). The natural sources of radiation are cosmic and sun rays or the natural radiation of the Earth. The artificial sources mean cyclotrons, X-rays, particle accelerators, nuclear reactors and others. Natural cesium is located very rarely on Earth, but it has many artificial isotopes (for example Cs-137 and Cs-134). The Cs-137 is an artificial isotope produced by human. The first source of the Cs-137 became the nuclear tests and attacks used in the World War Two. In the 1960s (related a study of nuclear weapons) there were found out storing of Cs-137 in the surface soil layers. Even the peaceful use of the nuclear energy could cause the nuclear crash accompanied by a leakage of radioactive substances. The most tragic crash was an explosion of the nuclear power station Chernobyl in Ukraine. That crash contaminated the whole Ukraine and close states, but also Scandinavia. The spread of the Cs-137 depended on the rainfall and the air flow. Human has been affected by the radioactive elements even after the long time since the crash. Forest ecosystem seems to be the place with the largest amount of Cs-137 located. The Cs-137 may get into the human body though food; it has a very long half-time (30ys), it is stored in the top soil layers and through the root system of plants gets into the plants or mushrooms. The aim of this thesis is to determine and compare the content of the Cs-137 in the selected commodities in the forest ecosystem of Šumava using semiconductor gamma spectrometry. The research question was specified: Is the content of the Cs-137 in the selected commodities of the Šumava forest area significantly different? Based on an analysis of literature and consultation with the State Office for Nuclear Safety there were chosen areas, where was the highest fallout of radioactive elements. Therefore I sampled the area called Kvilda, Zadov and Churáňov. Further locations with the commodities of the forest ecosystem are Bavorov, Svinětice and Baranaviči. There are samples of soil, moss, spruce bark, cones and lichen. Not all commodities could be collected in all locations because there were picked in a small area and not all commodities occurred there. To determine the mass activity of the Cs-137 samples I used a semiconductor gamma spectrometry. The obtained spectra were evaluated through software GAMAT. The range of the values of mass activity of the Cs-137 in all samples is between 3-700 Bq.kg-1. The highest activity was measured in soil, where values reached up to 700 Bq.kg-1. High activity was also measured in moss in Kvilda, 513 Bq.kg-1. Samples of spruce bark, cones and lichens have low values activity. It was not reached out the value of 300 Bq.kg-1. Answer to the research question is that contamination of Sumava Cs-137 in selected commodities forest ecosystem is significantly uneven.
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Phenological response of flood-plain forest ecosystem during 1961-2011
Bartošová, Lenka ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Bauer, Z. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Možný, M. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The presented study is focused on 50 years of phenological observations (1961–2011) of the herbs, shrubs, trees and bird populations and the phenological phases that create a continuous phenological sequence covering the whole spring aspect of the fl oodplain forest ecosystem. Th e phenological phases were observed for 5 herbs, 5 shrubs, 3 trees and 2 bird species. Th e phenological phases were observed as precisely as possible by only one observer during the whole time of observation. All observed plants and bird species showed statistically signifi cant shift s to the earlier time but the rate of shift ing among the parts of the fl ood-plain forest ecosystem was diff erent. Th e most progressive shift s were detected for herbs (the rate of shift ing was on average 13.9 days), followed by shrubs (phenophases advanced by 11.3 days on average), trees (phenophases advanced by 10.2 days) and fi nally by bird species (phenophases advanced by 9.6 days on average). Consequently the length of overlap of the chosen phenological phases was elaborated. Th e rate of shortening or lengthening of the overlap diff ers among all parts of the ecosystem and indicates not only the separation of phenophases but also no statistically signifi cant change in the length of overlap in each part of the ecosystem.
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The Use of the Forest Ecosystem in Preschool Science Education.
BOLEHOVSKÁ, Alena
This bachelor thesis in its theoretical part deals with environmental education and its inclusion in educational process in a nursery school. Alternative ways of education and their attitude to environmental education are shown here. Theoretical part also includes available natural science literature summary. In the practical part of the thesis there is a four-part project Forest ecosystem in natural sciences in nursery school, which was applied in practise. Research questions were asked during realisation of the project. Main aim was to detect actual level of knowledge. Results of the research are presented in charts and tables.
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Vegetation and tree growth analysis along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in mixed-oak forests in mountain ecosystems of southern part of Korean penninsula
ALTMAN, Jan
This study deals with the altitudinal and latitudinal changes in mountain-temperate vegetation of mixed-oak (Quercus mongolica) forests in southern part of Korean Penninsula. 108 forest relevés containing 283 vascular plant species were described at elevations from cca 400-1500 m in four mountains from Seorak Mts. (38°N, 1708 m a.s.l.) to Mt. Halla (33°N, 1950 m a.s.l.). Vascular plants were identified to species, and their total cover and covers of individual species in herb (< 1 m), shrub (1 - 5 m) and tree (> 5 m) layers estimated using Braun-Blanquet scale. Both classification and ordination methods (TWINSPAN cluster analysis and Dentrended and Canonical Correspondence Analyses) were used to analyze the variability in plant species composition and species-environment relationships. Redundancy analysis was used to analyze the variability in Raunkiaer life-form spectra in forest vegetation along the main gradients. Linear regressions were used to relate the species richness and diversity values to environmental variables. Finally, tree growth pattern in stem diameter (radial growth) was analyzed based on tree-ring data in major woody species co-occurring in two contrasting forest communities.
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