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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected psychotropic drugs
Hricová, Nikoleta ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis done by literary research is about the issue of the occurence of psychopharmacs in the enviroment. Psychopharmacs such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives etc. belong to one of the most sold drugs around the world. The consumption of psychopharmacs is concerning and growing. Therofore their occurence in nature is also growing, which can negatively affect the ecosystems. Many studies confirmed the persistency of psychopharmacs in nature, their following bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity for the representatives of each ecosystem. This bachelor thesis describes possible ways of the drug’s intersection (penetration) in nature, the metabolism of psychopharmacs in the human body and the effectivity of their elimination in sewage tanks. This work also focuses on the occurence, stability, degradability and persistency of psychopharmacs in aquatic and in terrestrial enviroment. The consideration of risks in the occurence of psychopharmacs for the representatives of each ecosystems was processed by many ecotoxicological studies, which point out the danger of these substances. Based on this acquired knowledge, in the conclusion of this work, there was drafted a battery of ecotoxicological tests for the estimated effects of psychopharmacs.
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Study of drugs intake by lettuce
Amrichová, Anna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the content of selected groups of drugs in cultivated lettuce. The theoretical part includes a chapter dedicated to the drugs used, their use, physicochemical properties, and their impact on the environment. Other chapters focused on analytical methods for determining drugs, hydroponic cultivation of lettuce, and some parameters of ecotoxicological tests. The experimental part began with the optimization of the QuEChERS extraction procedure. The optimized procedure was then applied to hydroponically grown samples of roots and leaves of lettuce containing selected groups of drugs, which were subsequently analyzed using liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. The experimental part also addressed the ecotoxicological impact of different drug concentrations on hydroponically grown lettuce.
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The use of ecotoxicity tests for the use of treatment technologies
Konečná, Kateřina ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the assessment of the effectiveness of treatment technologies in domestic wastewater treatment plants. For these purposes, samples were taken from 3 different domestic wastewater trearment plant. Two representatives of the aquatic ecosystem, the plant Lemna minor and the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus, were selected for the ecotoxicity assessment. For assessment from an analytical point of view, indicators were selected according to the Government Regulation on the discharge of water into surface and underground waters No. 401/2015 Coll. and 57/2016 Coll. All the selected residential cleaning plants correspond in size to 30–500 equivalent inhabitants, while they are used by approx. 10–20 inhabitants. The results of ecotoxicological tests confirmed that domestic wastewater treatment plants effectively reduce the level of toxicity. In all domestic waste water treatment plants, IC50 values for L. minor and LC50 values for T. platyurus were determined only at the influent, as neither inhibition nor mortality higher than 50% compared to the control group was achieved at the effluent. In L. minor, the growth inhibition values (IC50) on the influent were in the range of 9.39–43.99 ml/l, in T. platyurus the LC50 values in the influent were determined in the range of 5.6–20 ml/l. However, the results of the chemical analysis revealed that none of the water from the domestic treatment plants selected by us is suitable for discharge into groundwater or surface water, as they exceed the limit values set in government regulations.
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Evaluation of the efficiency of root treatment plants via ecotoxicity tests
Konečná, Kateřina ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the evaluation of the efficiency of root treatment plants using appropriately selected ecotoxicity tests. For these purposes, ecotoxicological tests in an aquatic arrangement were used, specifically with the planktonic organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and the plant Lemna minor. The evaluation was performed at a municipal root treatment plant, which treats water for 955 equivalent inhabitants. The results of tests with T. platyurus confirmed that the root treatment plant sufficiently relieves acute toxicity of water. LC50 values were determined for two samples, 213.71 ml / l for the inflow and 388.20 ml / l for the settling tank. At the outflow, these values could no longer be determined due to the low ecotoxicological effect of the water thus treated. For tests with L. minor, IC50 values were also calculated for the first two samples. For Sample No. 1, the IC50 value was calculated to be 311.25 ml / l, for Sample No. 2 to 963.35 ml / l. However, on the basis of tests of direct toxicity of waters with L. minor, it is possible to confirm even in the case of this organism, a good cleansing effect of this root treatment plant.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected psychotropic drugs
Hricová, Nikoleta ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis done by literary research is about the issue of the occurence of psychopharmacs in the enviroment. Psychopharmacs such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives etc. belong to one of the most sold drugs around the world. The consumption of psychopharmacs is concerning and growing. Therofore their occurence in nature is also growing, which can negatively affect the ecosystems. Many studies confirmed the persistency of psychopharmacs in nature, their following bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity for the representatives of each ecosystem. This bachelor thesis describes possible ways of the drug’s intersection (penetration) in nature, the metabolism of psychopharmacs in the human body and the effectivity of their elimination in sewage tanks. This work also focuses on the occurence, stability, degradability and persistency of psychopharmacs in aquatic and in terrestrial enviroment. The consideration of risks in the occurence of psychopharmacs for the representatives of each ecosystems was processed by many ecotoxicological studies, which point out the danger of these substances. Based on this acquired knowledge, in the conclusion of this work, there was drafted a battery of ecotoxicological tests for the estimated effects of psychopharmacs.
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Assessment of the drinking water treatment plant effectiveness via ecotoxicological tests and screening analyses
Nývltová, Barbora ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The quality of raw water is deteriorating with the continuous increase in environmental pollution. Raw water is being modified to drinking water by technological processes, and it is therefore necessary to put increased demands on the efficiency of these technological processes and their possible innovation. Due to the fact that raw water is contaminated with different types of pollutants, it is necessary to continuously control the drinking water supplied to the public distribution network in order to ensure its quality. Drinking water treatment is still unable to treat the raw water perfectly, its pollution is only reduced to acceptable standards. For this reason, it is indispensable that the quality of drinking water is being checked regularly and at the same time the efficiency of individual technological processes of drinking water treatment is assessed. This includes screening analysis or eventually ecotoxicological tests. The thesis focuses on the efficiency of technological processes of drinking water treatment. Within the experimental part, samples of raw water and samples of water after each separation stage have been collected at the drinking water treatment plant in the Czech Republic. These samples have been subjected to ecotoxicological tests and screening analysis. Based on the ecotoxicological tests carried out on Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri, we can assume the emergence of harmful chlorinated by-products, resulting to nearly 100% mortality in T. platyurus. The results of the screening analysis carried out indicate, after the extraction of specimens by the SPE method using HPLC/MS, that the most effective method for the removal of hormonal substances is ozonization.
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Artificial sweeteners and their potential impact on the ecosystem
Vavrčíková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination and ecotoxicological assessment of artificial sweeteners. The diploma was focused on monitoring the most commonly used sweeteners, which includes acesulfam-K, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose. These sweeteners were analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, using solid phase extraction for their concentration. The samples for their determination were taken from wastewater treatment plant in Modrice. Artificial sweeteners are synthetically produced substances, which is the main reason for their occurrence in waste water. Some of them are not efficiently removed from the wastewater treatment plant and penetrate into the environment. Analysis of the samples was found, that sucralose penetrates into the environment. The ecotoxicological effect of the sweeteners was evaluated via aquatic organisms, namely on the freshwater crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, on the water plant Lemna minor, and the battery of tests was supplemented by a representative of the destructors Vibrio fischeri. For all sweeteners, LC20, EC20 and IC20 values were determined. For some sweeteners, LC50, EC50 and IC50 values were also determined. During testing, saccharin represented the highest toxicity.
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Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Polymers and Biologically Active Substances in Aquatic Environments
Kašpar, Otakar ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
To determine the ecotoxicity of analgetics, first the individual ecotoxicity values of individual analgetics are determined and then a mixture of two analgetics is tested. To determine the toxicity, both standard and alternative toxicity tests are used (daphnia magna, sinapsis alba, scenedesmus subspicatum, vibrio fischeri, thamnotoxkit FTM a daphnotoxkit FTM magna). The analgetics being whish tested are the commonly used medicines ibuprofen, ASA, diclofenac and paracetamol, which are the most frequently used medicines in the Czech Republic and whole Europe. To determine the ecotoxicity of the polymers, I‘m using an indirect method of examination, in which I determine the antagonistic or synergistic effects of the mixture of monomers from which the polymer is prepared and into which it slowly decomposes in nature. For the determination both standard and alternative toxicity tests are used. The polymers the toxicity of which is being determined are the habitually used polymer PET and the formaldehyde resine known as bakelite in Eastern Europe.
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