|
|
Pastevečtí psi a jejich současné využití v České republice
Simonová, Vanessa
This bachelor thesis summarizes existing knowledge about domestication of the dog. Date of the domestication process is based on documented osteological findings. Because the view on the circumstancess is not uniform, different domestication theories which were raised in the history are described here. The thesis further explains origin of the dog and its evolution from wolf to present appearence of purebreed dogs. It deals with the circumstances of creation particular breeds, especially sheep, hunting and sheperd dogs. Original and current purpose of selected breeds of dogs is mentioned as well.
|
|
|
Cellular scaling rules for dog brains: Effect of domestication and miniaturization of dog breeds
Salajková, Veronika ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Chaloupková, Helena (referee)
The process of domestication of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) resulted in more than 350 dog breeds attesting for an immense phenotypic plasticity of this species, reflected in the enormous variation of sizes, shapes and behavioural profiles of today's dogs. The differences in body size can be 50-fold, which exceeds the body size variation of all recent canids. The differences in brain size are significantly smaller, only about 2.5-fold. It is also well known that, compared to their wolf ancestor, dogs, and especially small breeds, have reduced brain size. However, up till now, no comparative data about neuron numbers in different dog breeds are available. In this thesis, I use the isotropic fractionator to assess number of neurons and glial cells in eight dog breeds and three species of wild canids. When compared across dog breeds analysed, the differences in neuron numbers are lower than the differences in brain size - it seems that small breeds compensate for smaller brains with higher neuronal density. Interestingly, miniaturization of dog breeds is associated with brain size reduction that is smaller than expected from brain-body scaling reported for wild canids and seems to be accompanied by compensatory increase of neuronal density. Thus, brains of small dogs are bigger and harbour more neurons...
|
|
|
Breeding and morphological differences of domestic dog
Nový, Jakub ; Figura, Roman (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee)
Dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris) is one of the oldest domesticated animals and he has been by our side for several thousand years. Although we know a lot of different domesticated animal breeds but by far it didn't reach such distinction in case of dog. In my work I'll be examinating domestication of this beast and its breeding. Also I'll be dealing with breeds of dogs and especially with morphological differences between them. Key words: Canis lupus familiaris, domestication, breedig, morphology, breed
|
|
|
Breeding of dog - educational program for secondary level of primary schools
KOSOVÁ, Kamila
In the framework of the bachelor thesis, an educational program on the topic of a domestic dog breeding was designed. At the same time, the knowledge of this topic was verified by pupils of the 9th grade of primary schools. A total of 157 pupils from five schools and one multi-year grammar school in South Bohemia was tested. Participants were tested through a non-standardized didactic test. Moreover, the effectiveness of the training program was verified in two ninth grade of primary schools and in one class of a multi-year grammar school using a pretest system - posttest, so the pupils were given a test before and after about two weeks. From the results of the work is clear that pupils have a basic awareness of the domestic dog breeding, but after the completion of the teaching program, there has been seen a visible improvement in their knowledge.
|
|
|
Biology and methodics in breeding of the exhibition Zebra Finch (\kur{Taeniopygia guttata}), taking into account nutrition and deviations of body dimensions
PAPAČ, Martin
The diploma thesis is focused on avian domestication and represents a complete summary of existing studies and knowledge on this topic. Domestication is a long-term process which occurs for thousands of years but its consequences are often overlooked. Without any doubts the impact of domestication on the animals is significant and there are several hypothesis presented in the related studies. Considerable part of the studies have shown the ultimate and proximate control, which is responsible for influence of the biology of the Zebra Finch (Teaniopygia guttata). Usually, the comparison of data, which was collected under the same conditions for the wild and exhibition type, was the weak spot of these studies. Theoretical part gathers some of the most important theories related to this issue. Some of them have been used in the own experiment, which took place in my private facility. Therefore, the aim of this study is to prove or disprove particular hypothesis based on the breeding of the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata). The research took two years and according to the data, the type influences biology of these birds. The results shows that the main factor responsible for nest building, egg size, egg weight, chick weight and the fledging period is the type.
|
|
|
Domesticaton of smartphones among youth in Czech Republic: Mixed-method study
Tkačenko, Jekatěrina ; Zezulková, Markéta (advisor) ; Huněk, Filip (referee)
This paper applies to domestication of smartphones among young population in Czech Republic. It provides theoretical and empirical perspective at how research participants adopted their smartphones and how they incorporated them into their daily routine. Using mixed method study this paper offers insight into which applications are participants using, how long, how intensively they spent time with smartphones and which part play smartphones in their daily life. Study is consists of three phases. First phase was based on log data collection by participants via application installed on their smartphones. Second phase was mapping subjective perception of measure and frequency of users activity via structured questionnaire. In the last phase all participants met for group interview to talk about results from the first and second phase and to expand topics realated to excessive smartphone activity. The study shows participants were spending three hours a day on their smartphones, they have check it more than every thirty minutes and the most used applications were social media. Communication via applications for instant messaging is common part of their lives. They have spent time on their smartphones mostly at school. Study did not show addiction of participants to smartphones, however it pointed out a...
|
|
|
Evolution of a dog domestication and genetic diversity of the recent breeds.
Ungrová, Lenka ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Vinkler, Michal (referee)
The origin, timing and the developement of the first stages of domestication are the most frequently studied topics within the evolutionary domestication. Even there are a lot of studies, there are also a lot question that have not been answered. Consequent processes are not less interesting. It is known that the first prototypes of dog breeds were formed much earlier before the first breeding clubs were established. We can say, that the first selection was for the type of work which should be carried by the dog, besides the selection for tameness. The next step of selection included selection for the specific phenotypic traits and often involved targeted hybridization between emerging breeds. Over the past 200 years, more than 400 breeds with a unique combination of traits were recognized. This thesis aims to map the emergence of modern breeds from a genetic point of view. Thesis also summarizes the effect of evolution and domestication on specific traits and genes and how they affected the genetic diversity of dog breeds.
|
|
|
Cattle Domestication and pastoralism in the African Sahel
Salajková, Veronika ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Kyselý, René (referee)
Breeding of domesticated animals was one of the most important events which led to a significant progress in the history of mankind. Domestication appeared in several places simultaneously and inhabitants of these areas gained a considerable advantage in comparison with their hunters- gatherers ancestors. Fertile Crescent in the Near East, where many useful animals were domesticated, cattle included, was most important of them. In sub-Saharan territory gradual introduction of pastoral farming was limited for example by incidence of serious diseases in certain areas. In addition, Sahara, which in the past used to be a very favourable pastoral territory, in the progress of time started to change into despairing desert and the onset of devastating drought forced local inhabitants to move to the area of Sahel and to engage with cattle breeding. Due to the reduction of other natural sources local inhabitants had to draw attention to milk production which became an important source of food. Some of them have not left this life strategy up to the present time.
|
|
|
Historický původ a genetická diverzita révy
Rožánková, Karolína
This thesis was focused on monitoring historical sources and published scientific analyzes dealing with the historical origin and diversity of grapevines. In addition to the historical origin it was need to focus on the genetic diversity among Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera. Different features are discussed in detail in separate chapters. The aim was to create a historic - scientific overview of the domestication phenomenon of grapevine, which will make it possible to follow the historical development of opinions on the domestication centers and associated domestication events. But even advanced scientific methods are introduced when development from the study and measurement of the shape of the seeds to the analysis of the DNA is described. The work also includes a literature review of relevant issues.
|
|
|
Biologické aspekty domestikace kulturních plodin
Jánová, Anna
The theme of this work is the examining of one of the key genetic principles in domestication traits in pea pod dehiscence. First, this work was preceded by the employment of the method called MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends). The method analyzed the mRNA which was isolated from pod sutures. The two parental lines were used JI64 (Pisum sativum ssp. elatius L.) wild field pea with dehiscent pods, JI92 (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L.) landrace with indehiscent pods and RILs (Recombinant inbred lines) of reciprocal hybridization of both. As a result of the MACE analysis ten million reads were generated and seven thousand genes were identified only seventy seven genes differed with statistical significance in the samples with dehiscent and indehiscent pods. For the purpose of this work only three of them were used. Expression of these three candidate genes were assigned using Real-Time qRT-PCR for pod dehiscence. Base on qRT-PCR process the Ct values were calculated. The result of this work is the graphical view of expression volume of these candidate genes for both field pea lines during pod maturation.
|
guest ::
