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The sleep hygiene in men serving imprisonment
HULÁK, Pavel
The diploma thesis is focused on sleep hygiene of men serving a prison sentence. Its main goal is to set recommendations for professional staff in terms of sleep hygiene of convicted men in a specific prison environment. A partial goal is to determine the quality of sleep in selected men serving a prison sentence and by what factors their sleep is most affected and whether these men know the concept of sleep hygiene and follow its rules. The theoretical part defines the concept of resocialization and also provides more information about the execution of a sentence. The main part of the work deals with the physiology of sleep and sleep hygiene, while there is also a list off actors affecting the quality of sleep. This part of the work concludes with a description of the most common harmful habits affecting sleep in prison. The empirical part of the work, using a quantitative approach in research, made it possible to meet all the stated goals, but the hypotheses set for this research were all refuted. However, one third of respondents (35 %) report sleep problems, 27 % attribute a negative share to falling asleep to prison stress and 34 % admit fatigue as a physical consequence of not sleeping.
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Examining selected circadian determinant in prisons
HÁJEK, Petr
The aim of the thesis was monitoring the circadian rhythm of the prisoners. A pivotal part of the research and the analysis of the results refer to the conformity or discrepancy between the time when the respondents have to get up, which means when they wake up on weekdays in comparison with the times, which they stated as optimal, provided they were free to choose the time for getting up .
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Circadian rhythms and photoperiodism in insects
STEHLÍK, Jan
In this thesis we present experimental data and discuss circadian rhythm regulation in the housefly, Musca domestica. Our findings suggest that, although differences in the mechanisms of circadian rhythm regulation between Musca domestica and Drosophila melanogaster are not as fundamental as was originally expected, they still provide interesting insight into the evolution of biological clocks. We also studied possible involvement of one of the circadian clock genes, timeless, in photoperiodic induction of diapause in a drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata. We found the transcription of tim gene to be strongly disrupted in CNS of npd-mutant (non-photoperiodic-diapause) larvae. Analysis of genomic structure of tim gene revealed that the promoter of timelessnpd allele carries a large deletion, a possible cause of disruption of photoperiodic calendar function in npd-mutant larvae of C. costata.
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The influence of circadian rhythms on the origin, course and treatment of human psychical disorders
Kititi, Tina ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Škubica, Patrik (referee)
Circadian rhythms control several major functions in our body. Today's hectic lifestyle could damage circadian rhythms and also trigger a number of negative conditions that are predictors of psychical disorders. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are classified as serious mental disorders with a recurrent course and frequent long-term to lifelong treatment. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been shown to worsen the symptoms of these psychical disorders and increase their relapse rates. The disrupted circadian rhythms have the greatest impact on sleep patterns and differential rhythms of hormone production. Many studies suggest chronobiological treatment as a possible adjunctive treatment to conventional treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics. The main goal of chronobiological treatment is to return the circadian rhythm to its correct original state. Although there is some association between circadian rhythms and the pathophysiology of psychical disorders, its exact role is not clearly understood. Key words: circadian rhythms, psychical disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, sleep
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Expression of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat
Červená, Kateřina ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Zemková, Hana (referee)
The main mammalian circadian pacemaker stored in suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) is adapted to changes in the external environement by synchronization of its endogenous period with periodic changes of light and dark during day and night. The information about light travels via glutamatergic retinohypothalamic tract to the ventrolateral part of the SCN. Activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in this area provably mediates the transfer of information about light on the transcriptional mechanism of light-sensitive cells. The role of the NMDA type of ionotropic glutamate receptors is well studied in this field and it is known that some NMDA receptor subunits show a circadian rhythm and an increased expression after a light pulse. Signalization via AMPA type receptors is much less elucidated. The aim of this thesis was to determine which AMPA receptor subunits are expressed in the SCN of the rat and if these subunits show a daily rhythm of expression and a reactivity to light pulse, as well as to outline the possible roles of distinct AMPA receptor subunits in the SCN. Keywords: circadian rhythms, suprachiasmatic nuclei, glutamate receptors, AMPA
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Synchronization of circadian system during prenatal and early postnatal development
Houdek, Pavel ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Novotná, Růžena (referee)
One of the few attributes common to almost all living organisms is an ability to generate and maintain endogenous rhythms, which are controlled by a biological clock. The processes, which recur with a period of about 24 hours, are known as the circadian rhythms. The circadian clock controls rhythms of molecular, physiological as well as behavioral processes and adapts their activity to regularly appearing changes in day and night or season. In case of mammals, central oscillator is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The SCN clock entrains rhythms of peripheral oscillators located in cells of other tissues. The central oscillator itself is synchronized with external environment mainly by a light-dark cycle, however, other cues can entrain the SCN clock as well. For example, during prenatal development, entrainment of a fetal clock is entirely dependent on non-photic cues derived from maternal organism. This study aimed to investigate a mechanism of the communication between the maternal and fetal central oscillators. A hypothesis was tested whether maternal melatonin may play a role in entrainment of the circadian clock in the fetal SCN. Furthermore, a mechanism, how melatonin may entrain the fetal clock was investigated at molecular level. The results provided evidence, that...
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Pineal lesions: clinical presentation, hormone secretion, sleep quality and effect of surgical treatment
Májovský, Martin ; Netuka, David (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Lipina, Radim (referee)
Introduction: Pineal region is a deep-seated part of the brain surrounded by highly eloquent structures. Differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in this region encompasses pineal gland cysts, pineal gland tumours, metastases, germ cell tumours, meningiomas, gliomas, hemangioblastomas and neuroectodermal tumours. In this thesis, I focused mainly on patients with pineal cysts, which is a benign affection of the human pineal gland on the borderline between pathology and normality. The clinical management of patients with a pineal cyst remains controversial, especially when patients present with non-specific symptoms. A melatonin secretion in patients with a pineal cyst before and after a pineal cyst resection has not been studied yet and the effect of surgery on human metabolism is unknown. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study between 2000 and 2016. All patients with a pineal cyst larger than 7 mm were included. Epidemiological data, presenting symptoms, surgical results and radiographic and clinical follow-up were documented. We examined melatonin, cortisol and blood glucose secretion profiles perioperatively in a subgroup of 4 patients. The control group was represented by 3 asymptomatic patients with a pineal cyst. For each patient, 24-h circadian secretion curves of...
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Cerebral organoids as a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia
Sovíčková, Lucie ; Weissová, Kamila (advisor) ; Olejníková, Lucie (referee)
The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia incorporates genetic and environmental factors, which both play a role in the development of this disorder. For example the risk of developing schizophrenia is increased by prenatal stress in a sex-dependant manner. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 plays a role in neurodevelopmental abnormalities and has been found to influence cortical development, development of dopaminergic neurons and genes dysregulated in schizophrenia. Circadian, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sleep abnormalities are also common in schizophrenia patients and they might increase susceptibility to psychosis via dopaminergic system. The schizophrenia susceptibility gene Disc1 has been found to play a role in sleep abnormalities and regulation of radial glia cell cycle. Cerebral organoids, which are generated by using human induced pluripotent stem cells, model human brain development and could be used for further studies of neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Cerebral organoids could be improved in the future by vascularization and bioengineering methods. Key words: cerebral organoids, schizophrenia, circadian rhythms, stress, FGFR1, DISC1, glucocorticoids
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Photobiological Safety of luminaires and Light Sources
Štěpánek, Jaroslav ; Bendová,, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vik,, Michal (referee) ; Škoda, Jan (advisor)
This doctoral thesis called “Photobiological safety of luminaires and light sources” has focused on an optical radiation and its relation to human body. The thesis describes possible consequences on living tissue during excessive exposure to optical radiation. Among others the work deals with the light source, lamp and optical devices evaluation in dependence of photobiological safety. There is created a method of light source evaluation procedure for photobiological safety in accordance with ČSN EN 62471. The meaning of this procedure is based on its hazard calculation from measured values of irradiation to different photometric distances. Validity of procedure is verified by light source measuring, in which visual angle and photometric distance have been changed. There we can also find an application of this procedure in the UV source evaluation, which helps to determine a safe distance away from UV sources not to create any danger. The evaluated UV sources include a UVA luminaire with a dominant wavelength of 365 nm or an arc of an electric welder. The thesis also describes a method of evaluating light sources for blue light hazard for an aphakic and pseudophakic eye. This method can also help to determine the hazard for the eye without lens or with some implanted lens. Furthermore, there was developed the method of the blue light hazard assessment depending on the age of an exposed person. In terms of the work there was also created a computer programme evaluating photobiological safety resulting from the spectral data having been stored in the library programme or from spectroradiometric measurement data. The work also marginally deals with the topic of circadian rhythms, which are closely related to photobiological manifestation in an human body. Above all the work compares light sources for which equivalent illuminances are calculated, consequently light sources have the same effect on suppressing the melatonin hormone production.
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Modular Led Luminaire With Variable Spectral Power Distribution Of Luminous Flux
Parma, Mikuláš
To date, development of luminaires is focused primarily on energy performance levels and accepted colour qualities of light output. Recent researches aimed to healthy and smart lighting showed that standard properties of luminaires are insufficient in terms of all performance levels required for modern illuminating systems. Dynamic change of intensity and colour temperature of light source during day is necessary for right function of human circadian system. Therefore it was developed modular LED luminaire allowing dynamic change of the spectral power distribution of luminous flux with possibility of colour temperature changing in the range 2400 K - 10 000 K (Ra >90, uv < 0.0005) and also possibility to set any hue in the colour gamut given by fixture construction.
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