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The influence of family environment on the alcohol consumption and smoking in adolescents
Strnadová, Mirka ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Tušková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the phenomenon of alcohol and cigarette consummation among young people in the Czech Republic using the theory of social deviation. The following chapters focus on various topics, for example legislative measures connected to this issue, harmfulness of the substances included in alcohol and cigarettes, the family functions that can affect this behaviour or the possible addiction to the addictive substances as one of the health determinants. Deviation is characterized as an excessive consummation of these addictive substances as the regular consummation of alcohol and cigarettes is common enough that it is considered normal. Czech students appear among the first ten countries in the consummation of alcohol and cigarettes. Their behaviour can be affected for example by sex, type of school, average grades but mainly by bad habits of their friends. According to hypotesis of social deviation the most endangered should be young people coming from incomplete, non-educated families with lot of members. These families lack rules and have bad emotional connections between their members. Analysis of both alcoholism and smoking confirmed the influence of completeness and education of family, the rules in the family and the emotional connections between parents and children. The...
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Smoking - impact on the state budget and its fair taxation
Hait, Pavel ; Mikolášek, Jakub (advisor) ; Mertlík, Pavel (referee)
The paper addresses the impact of smoking in the Czech Republic in 2009. The aim is to describe the current facts and trends of tobacco consumption, assess the mortality attributable to smoking, compute its financial impact on the Czech state budget, evaluate the transmission of tax changes into the retail price of cigarettes, assess consumer price elasticity for cigarettes, and compute a fair excise tax on cigarettes for the Czech Republic as well as the tax which would maximise the benefits of smoking for the state budget. For our purposes, we define fairness as a situation in which there is no net redistribution of state budget funds between two groups of citizens: non-smokers and smokers. Smokers create benefits (for example, savings on pensions due to their earlier deaths) and costs (for instance, increased health care costs) for the state budget. We search for a tax rate that would balance smoking-associated costs and benefits. Furthermore, we also compute the tax which would maximise net revenues from smoking to the government. We realised these findings for the Czech Republic, 2009: we observed that there were 22,013 deaths attributable to smoking. About 2.281 billion cigarettes were sold illegally. The costs to the state budget caused by smoking were estimated to 30,547 million CZK,...
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The anti-alcohol measures in Russia and life satisfaction
Baydadaeva, Nigina ; Fialová, Kamila (advisor) ; Opatrný, Matěj (referee)
1 Abstract The long-standing issue of the alcohol consumption level in Russia, remaining among the highest in the World, has resulted in the introduction of strict anti-alcohol regulations aiming to mitigate the negative aftermath. Substance abuse influences many spheres of life, including life satisfaction. Moreover, in the special case of Russia, hazardous drinking led to the increase in the probability of men's death. This thesis examines the relationships between the newly introduced anti-alcohol policies in Russia during the period from 2009 to 2014 and the life satisfaction of alcohol consumers. To perform the analysis, the Difference-in-Differences principle is applied to the sample derived from the two waves of the non-governmental survey conducted by The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE). The respondents are divided into two groups: alcohol consumers (treatment group) and abstainers (control group). The analysis is firstly performed on the whole sample of the Russian population, then on the masculine subsample. The results of both parts of the analysis show no evidence of an increase in the life satisfaction of alcohol consumers following the implementation of the anti-alcohol regulations over the period under review. Keywords: taxes, life satisfaction,...
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The effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on tooth decay and periodontitis in adults and the relationship between alcohol intake and visceral fat in the older adults
Vlasáková, Jana ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Jandová, Tereza (referee)
Title: The effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on dental caries and periodontitis in adults and the relationship between alcohol intake and visceral fat in the elderly. Objectives: The aim of my master thesis was to assess the influence of alcoholic beverages and cigarette smoking on the risk of dental caries and periodontitis in adults. Another aim was to assess the relationship between alcohol intake and visceral fat in the elderly. Methods: The thesis is carried out as two independent cross-sectional studies. In the first study, gender differences were tested using the non-parametric Kolmogorov- Smirnov test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed in kg and cigarettes smoked in pcs and the risk of dental caries or periodontitis. In the second study, body composition analysis was performed using the electrical bioimpedance method. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the hypotheses. In addition, a dot plot depicting the relationship between the amount of alcohol and visceral fat was created. Results: A total of 18 respondents took part in the first study, a survey. The results showed a high statistically significant correlation between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the risk of dental...
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Marketing communication of nicotine products in Czech environment
Gočíková, Natálie ; Hejlová, Denisa (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
C1 - Internal use Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive insight of the impact of nicotine products on the Czech market. The theoretical part characterizes tobacco, nicotine and their effects on the human body, the history of tobacco use and its development. It presents a basic overview of current knowledge about nicotine addiction, motivation to use it and briefly introduces the basic preventive measures and state legislation concerning the operation of tobacco and nicotine companies on our market. Furthermore, specific examples of tobacco products from history and examples of anti-smoking campaigns from the Czech Republic and around the world are introduced. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes the influence of this communication on children and adolescents. The practical part is focused on the current advertising communication of selected brands and specifies nicotine products in more detail. This part of the work aims to map the current communication of HTP brands IQOS, gloand and e-cigarettes in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, the communication of brands on social networks, in past campaigns, published publications and on the website where the companies operate is described. At the end of this work is summarized how nicotine products currently operate on the...
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Amendment of the smoke-free law and its influence on patterns of tobacco use and motivation to quit smoking among patients of a general practitioners
Švancarová, Iveta ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
Background: Supporting the public health care system is a priority for any advanced society. In line with who's recommendations, a key Law on The Protection of Health Against Harmful Effects of Addictive Substances was adopted in 2017, the main priority of which is to reduce passive smoking with its negative effects on humans. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether there was a change in tobacco use patterns and a change in smoking cessation incentives following the introduction of new legislative changes (Act No. 65/2017 Coll.). Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in connection with the introduction of Act No. 65/2017 Coll. Trained nurses were distributed in two waves, before the introduction of the law and three months after its introduction, prepared questionnaires were distributed to adult clients/patients addressed by general practitioners' offices in Prague. The condition was participation in both waves of the study. 131 completed adult questionnaires were submitted for subsequent processing. Changes in daily cigarette consumption, the ratio of cigarettes smoked in a restaurant, on the street, at home, and motivation to quit smoking were analysed. Results: A statistically significant reduction in daily cigarette consumption (on average 1.7 cigarettes per day)...
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Substance use and abuse in adolescents
Fikarová, Kristýna ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Mlčková, Marie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to map the issue of substance abuse in adolescents focused on cigarettes, marijuana and alcohol. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the basic terms in the field of addiction and then describes the characteristics, effects and risks of the three mentioned addictive substances. Other topics included in the theoretical part, are the causes of substance abuse and bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model of addictive behavior, substance abuse in the Czech Republic, the consequences of their use, and the specifics of substance abuse among adolescents. The last chapter of the theoretical part is a brief introduction to the ESPAD study, which is followed by the practical part. The practical part, using quantitative methods in the form of a questionnaire, focuses on the prevalence of substance abuse among students from two high schools and one elementary school in northern Bohemia. The results of the research brought interesting findings. For example, the girls were found to have a higher incidence of cigarette smoking and regular alcohol drinking than the boys were. Another interesting finding was, among others, the ignorance of possible negative consequences in connection with the abuse of marijuana in adolescence.
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Relationship between consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in the Czech Republic
Kania, Vojtěch ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Martin (referee)
This thesis investigates the relationship between the consumption of cigarettes and pure alcohol in the Czech Republic during 1955-2016. It tests for a unit root in both series using ADF test and KPSS test. Next, Engle-Granger procedure and Johansen trace test are used to test for a cointegration relation between the two time-series. Both the ADF and the KPSS test found a presence of a unit root when controlled for a shift in a mean in 1989. However, Engle-Granger procedure did not find enough evidence for a cointegration relation, which was confirmed by Johansen trace test. The same results were obtained when only a subsample 1955-1989 was considered.
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Comparison of excise duty on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and the EU
JÍLKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis is concerned with a comparison of excise duty on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and the member countries of the European Union. Its aim is to find groups of countries with similar indicators, to explore the similarities between these countries and to try to identify the possible effects that may cause differences. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of excise duties and primarily on excise duty on tobacco products. It deals with European Commission directives and minimum excise rates. The practical part deals with selected indicators related to excise duty on tobacco products. These indicators are excise duty on tobacco products as percentage of GDP and percentage of total taxation, specific excise per 1 000 cigarettes as percentage of WAP and excise yield in EUR per 1 000 cigarettes of the WAP. The last indicator is cigarettes consumption per capita, which is not included in the analysis. Data is processed by cluster analysis for the years 2003 and 2014 in computer software STATISTICA 12. The task of cluster analysis is to find groups of countries which are similar. The results of cluster analysis are described in the next chapters. The differences of the individual clusters and the possible influences that these differences may have caused are also described in the last chapters.
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