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Returnig to Normal Life after Prolonged Period on ICU Following Major Surgical Procedures
Žánová, Libuše ; Židková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pucholtová, Romana (referee) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Introductin: The diploma thesis deals wits the quality of life of patients who have undergone more demanding surgery in the area of thoracic or abdominal surgery and were subsequently connected to artificial at present. This increases the need for patients to be places in an intensive care unit. Whwther i tis performance intenzity, length of anesthesia, possible complications during surgery or age of the patient. Stay in intensive care for a patient is physically and mentally very demanding, which may lead to deterioration in qaulity of life after returning to the home environment. Methodology: The research itself was carried out in the framework of qualitative research using a sem- structured interview. The interview was made up of the maim questions that could be supplemented by supplementary questions. Researchers selected patiens who had more severe surgery in the chas tor abdomen and were vented for at least 48 hours. The study also include patients who had a "minor" surgery but had complications nad had to be connected to artificial pulmonary ventilation. The research was conducted from August 2018 tu February 2019. Research Objektive: The main goal of the diploma thesis is to map the quality of life of patients who were hospitalized under intensive care and were exposed to PICS (Post...
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Pre-operational preparation in the context of historical development
STUCHLÍKOVÁ, Jindřiška
The thesis "Preoperative Preparation in the Context of Historical Development" is a theoretical dissertation that deals with the history of not only the preoperative preparation but also with nursing and surgery dividing them into several time horizons. The preoperative preparation is an inseparable part of any surgery and based on it the nursing specifications are determined. This thesis is written as a detailed search of primary and secondary sources. The thesis is divided into four main chapters that deal with the history of the preoperative preparation in connection with nursing, nurse education and the preoperative preparation today. The preoperative preparation has undergone many changes during its development. It was influenced by the factors occurring at that time. Nurses had to adapt to the time to be able to respond to changes and to learn in terms of surgery. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the development of the preoperative preparation and point out the influence of the nursing care on the preoperative preparation from a historical perspective. Two research questions were chosen at the outset in connection with the objective: How did the preoperative preparation develop? How has the preoperative preparation changed over time? On the basis of a textual analysis, it emerged the greatest development occurred in the 19th century because that is the time when the preoperative preparation got its name. This dissertation describes it is written using an analytical method, and consequently it is elaborated as an interpretive text.
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Nursing Care Of Soldiers In The Surgical Ward
PRÁŠKOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of nursing care of soldiers in the surgical department. Based on a qualitative survey, the goal is to determine how the soldiers evaluate the nursing care provided to them and how they are satisfied with it. It also ascertains the nurses' general experience with providing the nursing care. The set goals were achieved through semi-structured interviews conducted with the general nurses working in the surgical department and professional soldiers who experienced the nursing care at the surgical department. Seven nurses and eight soldiers were questioned by using the pencil-and-paper interviewing method. The thesis provides a complete view on the nursing care for soldiers in the surgical department. From the historical point of view, the nursing is closely connected with the soldiers. It describes the structure and organization of this department, including the most common surgical procedures and the nursing care associated with them. The care is specific due to the nature of the surgical procedure and the particular condition of the patient. The bachelor thesis explores the role of the nurse and the patient in connection with the nurse-patient relationship. It maps and explains the legal system of providing the health care to soldiers. The military health care providers must primarily take care of the members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic and the employees of The Ministry of Defence, and to others only if they do not jeopardize the quality of the care provided to the above mentioned patients. Based on the results of the research, it has been found that the experience of general nursing staff depends on the particular surgical department where they work. The soldiers are more often treated by those employed in a military hospital, which also has a legislative background. Most soldiers met with an adequate and sympathetic attitude from the nurses, although there were also complaints about their unpleasant behaviour or neglected admissions of patients. According the answers, the soldiers seem to be satisfied with the provided care.
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Determining the level of nursing workload and the optimal number of nursing staff in selected standard hospital bed care departments
STACHOVÁ, Klára
Current situation: Educated and qualified nurse can fully do her job, give a patient bio-psycho-social-spiritual needs and satisfy them. This can happen only if optimal conditions are given to her, which means the optimal number of nursing staff. The aim of the study was to set the optimal number of nursing staff at surgical department in the Hospital of the Vysočina region, which was chosen. A standardized methodology of Pochylá and Pochylý (1999 and 2008) was used. Methodology and the research complex: Quantitative-qualitative method was used in the research. Detailed interviews were used in the first part of the study while talking to nurses of the surgical department of the Hospital of the Vysočina region. In phase two, 26 special nursing procedures were selected and divided into four thematic parts. 520 measurements were made in total, average time of making each special nursing procedure was set. In phase three, average values of nursing one patient in 12 hours at surgical department were set. Daily shots of the procedures were being taken for 14 days (Monday-Sunday). Optimal numbers of nursing staff and their qualified substitution in the Hospital of the Vysočina region were set in the last stage of the research. Results: The research question and three hypotheses were answered by performing and processing the research. The result is that there are statistically major differences in average value of basic and special nursing. 21 patients in average were treated in the hospital in the first week of research. The average nursing time for this number of patients in 12 hours was 3585 minutes 1027 minutes of basic nursing care and 1718 minutes of special nursing procedures. In the second week of research, 24 patients were treated at the department in average. The average nursing time for this number of patients was 3647 minutes in 12 hours 1036 minutes of basic nursing care and 1675 minutes of special nursing procedures. Statistically major differences were confirmed even during special nursing procedures. The longest average time was measured while incoming of patients, transferring, discharging (14,31 minutes) and the shortest average time was measure while applicating medicine into body cavities (0,5 minutes). Based on the research we can say that the number of staff at selected department is for a 12-hour shift optimal. Recommended number of full-time employees is 5, the real number is 5,4. Conclusion and recommendation: The output of this thesis is recommendation for management of nursing care regarding the issue of getting and maintaining the optimal number of nursing staff.
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Mutual Perception of Soldiers and Nurses at the Surgical Ward
PRÁŠKOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis deals with mutual perception of soldiers and nurses an the surgical ward. In order to find out our mutual perceptions, we set two goals: To find out the nursing experience of soldiers at the surgical ward and To find out the soldiers' view of nursing care at the surgical ward. The set goals were achieved through semi-structured interviews conducted with the general nurses working in the surgical department and professional soldiers who experienced the nursing care at the surgical department. Seven nurses and eight soldiers were questioned by using the pencil-and-paper interviewing method. The thesis provides a complete view on the nursing of soldiers at the surgical ward. From the historical point of view, the nursing is closely connected with the soldiers. It describes the structure and organization of this department, including the most common surgical procedures and the nursing care associated with them. The care is specific due to the nature of the surgical procedure and the particular condition of the patient. The bachelor thesis explores the role of the nurse and the patient in connection with the nurse-patient relationship. It maps and explains the legal system of providing the health care to soldiers. The military health care providers must primarily take care of the members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic and the employees of The Ministry of Defence, and to others only if they do not jeopardize the quality of the care provided to the above mentioned patients. Based on the results of the research, it has been found that the experience of general nursing staff depends on the particular surgical department where they work. The soldiers are more often treated by those employed in a military hospital, which also has a legislative background. Most soldiers met with an adequate and sympathetic attitude from the nurses, although there were also complaints about their unpleasant behaviour or neglected admissions of patients. Soldiers perceive nurses positively, they consider them necessary. According the answers, the soldiers seem to be satisfied with the provided care.
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Prevention thromboembolic disease in surgery
Konečná, Lenka ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis with the title "Prevention of Thromboembolic Disease" depicts a serious medical condition which may lead to death. Thromboembolic disease affects mostly patients after surgery. However, with proper prevention the risk of developing the disease decreases significantly. The main aim of the thesis is to find out who educates the patient and when (whether it is before or after the surgery). Furthermore, it focuses on nurses and their role in prevention of thromboembolic disease. It asks if nurses educate patients about the disease and the importance of prevention. In particular, it concentrates on the quality and quantity of patient education. It tries to find out whether nurses know what patient education in patients with this condition should include and whether they use any educational aids. In the empirical part of the thesis the author acquired data using a quantitative research method of a structured questionnaire. The survey included 128 respondents working in several intensive and non-intensive departments of the Královské Vinohrady University Hospital. A research survey showed that 83 (65.9%) nurses educate patients before surgery and there is no difference between length of practice and preoperative education on TEN prevention. Furthermore, 100 (78.7%) of the nurses check...
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Joint Deformity of a Hand in Life of a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
SEJRKOVÁ, Lenka
In this bachelor thesis were set out three aims. At first, to point out the problems of patients with joints deformities of the hand before surgery, which is the substitution of the small joints of the hand, in the second case to find out what role the nurse plays in outpatient care before the operation of the patient. The third aim of this thesis is to find out what the role of the nurse is after the operation of the small joints of the hand of the patient. A qualitative research survey using the semi-structured interview method was used to achieve the aims. The interviews were conducted with patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis after replacement of the small joints of the hand. The research has shown that the most common problem in replacing small joints of the hand was pain and problems with joints of hand in the household, work and termination or change of hobbies. Sleep disturbances, fatigue, psychological problems, and side effects of medicaments also occurred. Someone has also changed their roles in life, job loss or changing role of wives or mothers. In the outpatient clinic, patients are more focused on doctors, but for someone, the nurse performs a counselling function in pain and choosing compensatory aids. It was psychological support, a source of information and a helper. Patients perceived the nurse after operation as a work counsellor, support and navigator after surgery. Apart from problems with joints deformities of hand, patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis have other problems and the nurse should take into account these issues, actively talks about them with patients and contributes to their correction. This bachelor thesis may be an inspiration for nurses in understanding and caring about patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis before and after replacing small joints of the hand.
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Skin lesions prevention in perioperative care
POHLOVÁ, Lucie
Thesis objectives: The diploma thesis deals with the issue of prevention of skin lesions in perioperative care. In the theoretical part, the current state of knowledge is presented concerning the pressure ulcers identification due to the persisting real problems in differential diagnostics in clinical practice. Further, the thesis deals with the issue of wet and thermal lesions, which occur also during the perioperative care. In the empirical part of the diploma thesis, the first objective was to find the frequency of documented occurrence of decubital lesions in connection with the surgery in Jihlava Hospital for a period of one year. The second objective of the thesis was to find out whether, and what barriers exist when using specific preventive measures. The last aim of the diploma thesis was to compare the efficiency of preventive measures from the point of view of perioperative nurses and nurses from service units. Three hypotheses were formulated to meet the objectives of the thesis. Method for achieving the objectives: The set objectives were achieved through a retrospective analysis of the hospital information system data and a quantitative questionnaire survey. The study included nurses working in surgery, orthopaedics, traumatology, intensive care units and perioperative nurses in Jihlava Hospital. The total number of respondents was 140. Scientific benefits of the thesis: The research implies that the use of prophylactic aids in pre-operative preparation contributes significantly to reducing the risk of skin lesions. The addressed set of nurses did not indicate any serious barriers to their application and, on the contrary, considered it to be very effective. The results of the thesis can be used in practice, especially in a specific health facility for further care improvement. The findings and conclusions: On the research group we have verified that the declared use of preventive strategies in the area of prevention of lesions in perioperative care differs according to the type and focus of the workplace; (p = 0.000) the least frequent use was declared by the general nurse from orthopaedics, however, the methods used did not differ (p = 0,220). In addition, we found out that there was a statistically significant difference in the opinion on efficiency of prophylactic covering in lesion prevention (p = 0.001, the worst evaluation was by the respondents from orthopaedics) but only 2 respondents stated negative experience with their use.
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