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Chování vodních organismů a kontaminace vodních toků? nechtěná léčba deprese a nespavosti u raků
MAREŠ, Josef
This bachelor thesis evaluates the possible effects of pharmaceutically active compounds on non-target fresh water organisms and the risks connected with them. As model organism was used parthenogenetically reproducing non-native marbled crayfish, which were exposed to a mix of five commonly used drugs and one illicit drug - tramadol, citalopram, sertraline, venlafaxine, oxazepam and methamphetamine. The concentration was 1 microgram.l-1 for each of the tested compounds. The main part of the experiment was based on monitoring the behaviour of the exposed and control group of crayfish in arenas with or without shelter. Prior experiment crayfish were exposed for three-weeks to the mixture of compounds mentioned above. The results were analysed in the programme EthoVisionXT and later also statistically evaluated. In the system with available shelters the observed parameters (distance moved and activity) showed significant differences, where the exposed group walked significantly larger distances and was considerably more active than the control group. Exposed group also spent significantly more time outside the shelter. The results in the system without shelter were almost the opposite. The distance moved, velocity and activity were significantly different. The exposed crayfish showed considerably lower activity, velocity and moved shorter distances. The results of this experiment prove that the mixture of monitored compounds can have a significant impact on the behaviour of non-target fresh water organisms. The compounds had a softening effect and can affect sensory receptors of the exposed crayfish, which can have a significant impact on the populations in open waters.
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Influence of military disturbances on succession of arthropod communities in Brdy
Palivcová, Lucie ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Knapp, Michal (referee)
The thesis aims for relationship between military-caused disturbance intensity and species richness, conservation value and composition of arthropods communities in the Brdy Mts. In the Brdy abandoned military area (MTA), a highly heterogeneous habitat mosaic developed by the long-term influence of military disturbances on two shooting areas of Jordán and Tok. The habitats range from strongly disturbed sites with sparse vegetation, through heterogeneous growths of Erica and Vaccinium in moderately disturbed sites, to sparse woodlands in the least disturbed sites. Based on the shooting areas history reconstruction, 24 study plots of 4 categories of different disturbance intensity were selected in both shooting areas together. Standardized sampling of seven groups of arthropods was performed in summer 2017 by pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, and light traps. More intensive disturbances positively influenced species richness of Aculeates and conservation value of spiders and beetles, but negatively affected species richness of moths. Simultaneously, the intensity of disturbances affected community composition of spiders, moths, beetles, Aculeates and Orthopteroids. Endangered species mostly affiliated to the more intensively disturbed plots. This results should be helpful in understanding of influence...
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Gene manupulations in invertebrates
Čermáková, Eliška ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Konopásek, Ivo (referee)
Gene manipulations in invertebrates are based on the same approches used in vertebrates. The are applied for the development of new genotypes in model species, convenient as model systems of human hereditary diseases etc. Gene manipulations are important as well for practical purposes, which is shown by the example of trangenic mosquitoes. Recently, it has been proved that programmable nucleases can be successfully used in invertebrates. Key words: Gene manipulations, invertebrates, methods, applications, Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles, Bombyx mori, malaria
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Flow cytometry and its use for study of insects
Stuchlíková, Magdalena ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílek, David (referee)
Flow cytometry is a modern technique in research, playing a significant role in biomedicine and botanics. Despite its benefits (speed, simplicity, low costs), flow cytometry is currently not used in the study of insects on a large scale. This thesis gives an overview as to how flow cytometry is used in research on insects and summarises the results of such study. This pertains to genome size and its connections to other phenomena. Other focal points of research, such as ploidy and base pair ratios, are addressed to a lesser extent. Key words: flow cytometry, use in study of insects, genome size, ploidy, invertebrates
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Breeding of invertebrates and their use in school teaching
Farionová, Jana ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The submitted Bachelor thesis has a retrieval character. It focuses on general characteristic of the selected groups of the Invertebrates and also on its breeding, which is suitable for home and school environment. The handled topic relates to my subject of study, it includes the guide, the possibilities of breeding of the Invertebrates and the selected species. It can be used by the teachers, but also pupils and students of Biology. Some parts are also dedicated to the basic elements to which is important to pay attention during the lessons and which can be well observed on the organism. The introduction concentrates the brief characteristic of the Invertebrates, it includes the list of used terms and it generally informs about the principles of breeding. The following chapters consist of the characteristic and breeding of the selected species, examples of the suitable variets and also the problem issues, which can appear during the breeding. With the described species we can also find the options how to use them during the education at school. Picture are attached in the thesis. KEYWORDS Invertebrates, charakteristic, breeding, species
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Model examples of invertebrates in the primary and high schools' textbooks
Beránková, Alena ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The main purpose of this Bachelor thesis is introduce and analyse types of textbooks for primary and high schools. Textbook is important didactic mean, so is necessary good and well division, and suitable in picture and text section. The work is divided into several parts. At first we focus on introduction model species of invertebrates in textbooks. In other part it focus on meanings and function of textbooks. In the third section are textbooks with description of their suitability for learning. Key words: invertebrates, schools' texbooks, model examples
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Products of nature in the fifth classes of primary school
Pazderková, Gabriela ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis deals with the research of practical knowledge and skills of students of primary and secondary schools. It targets exploring of cognition of local common species of vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). This thesis is focused on education in the nature. The results are presented in graphs and chart tables. Key words: Knowledge of local vertebrates, questionnaire survey, primary school, secondary school, high school, hobby group, genus name, species name.
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Combustion by-products of the power station of Prunéřov and options of their utilization for nature-conservation purposes
Volfová, Michaela ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The experiment took place in the ash deposit of power plant in the north-west Bohemia, where wasps and bees were investigated. Data were collected on localities of different management and age in May to August, 2015 by pan color traps, when 106 traps were collected (70 traps on succession areas and 36 traps on reclaimed areas). In total, 603 individuals (88 species) were determined. Thirty two species stated in the Red list, 14 species are vulnerable, six species are endangered and 2 species are critical endangered. Succession areas were strictly preferred by 39 species (90 individuals) and reclaimed areas by 12 species (18 individuals).
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