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Communities of protists and invertebrate animals in freshwater aquaria and possibilities of their use in teaching
Hásková, Barbora ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the hidden but very diverse community of protists and microscopic invertebrates in freshwater aquaria. Samples of these micro-organisms were obtained from microscopic slides submerged in aquaria for several weeks. The main output of this thesis is a multimedia didactical atlas of characteristic protists and invertebrates inhabiting freshwater aquaria. In total, eleven members from two phyla of protists and six phyla of invertebrate animals are presented using own original micrographs and short videosequences. The atlas was prepared in two forms - a text document and a web page. Potential of the atlas for use in biology teaching and extracurricular education is discussed. Key words: zoology, protists, invertebrates, teaching, didactics, communities
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Flow cytometry and its use for study of insects
Stuchlíková, Magdalena ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílek, David (referee)
Flow cytometry is a modern technique in research, playing a significant role in biomedicine and botanics. Despite its benefits (speed, simplicity, low costs), flow cytometry is currently not used in the study of insects on a large scale. This thesis gives an overview as to how flow cytometry is used in research on insects and summarises the results of such study. This pertains to genome size and its connections to other phenomena. Other focal points of research, such as ploidy and base pair ratios, are addressed to a lesser extent. Key words: flow cytometry, use in study of insects, genome size, ploidy, invertebrates
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Biodiversity of green roofs
Matoušková, Kateřina ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šípek, Petr (referee)
Green roofs offer interesting multifunctinaly solutions to many problems at once. In a small area they bring benefits to people and nature. They thermally insulate buildings, improve the local microclimate and reduce the city's heat island efect. Green roofs improve air quality and also help retain water in the landscape. In combination with solar panels and retention tanks, green roofs can contribute to the modern trend of building green - sustainable - buildings. Green roofs can be used for growing food sources and for relaxation as well. Wild plants can spontaneously colonize green roofs and thereby expand their habitats in cities. The plants create habitats for many animals (especially invertebrates) and provide nectar sources to pollinators. Except food habitats, they offer birds habitat for nesting and resting place during their migration. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contribution of green roofs to urban biodiversity. At present, howewer, most scientific studies deal with the advantges of green roofs in connection with enviromental protection or the technical side. A small part of the studies examines the biodiversity of green roofs. My goal was to find out which factors influence a biodiversity of green roofs the most and to design an ideal roofs solution with the greatest...
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Fauna nepôvodných bezstavovcov tropických skleníkov botanických a zoologických záhrad sveta a Českej republiky - review
Pažitková, Petronela
The following bachelor thesis with the topic: ,,Non-native invertebrate fauna of tropical and subtropical greenhouses in botanical and zoological gardens of the world and Czech Republic – review“ is concentrating on summarization of found researches, parrticularly in Czech and Slovak Republic, after that their brief comparison with some european and other countries of the world. The thesis is divided into four main sections. In the first section is a further explanation of basic concepts related to our thesis and a short characteristics of the most significant invertebrate groups. The following section is focused on the surveys that were done in botanical and zoological gardens mainly in Czechia and Slovakia, in short, foreign researches are also mentioned. Additionally, the following section is devoted on the measures againts the invasions and it also asks a question, if these species may be somehow useful. In the last section, we have compared these surveys with each other. We can observe a regularity of the occurence of some species, or on the other side, rare findings within the regions.
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Chování vodních organismů a kontaminace vodních toků? nechtěná léčba deprese a nespavosti u raků
MAREŠ, Josef
This bachelor thesis evaluates the possible effects of pharmaceutically active compounds on non-target fresh water organisms and the risks connected with them. As model organism was used parthenogenetically reproducing non-native marbled crayfish, which were exposed to a mix of five commonly used drugs and one illicit drug - tramadol, citalopram, sertraline, venlafaxine, oxazepam and methamphetamine. The concentration was 1 microgram.l-1 for each of the tested compounds. The main part of the experiment was based on monitoring the behaviour of the exposed and control group of crayfish in arenas with or without shelter. Prior experiment crayfish were exposed for three-weeks to the mixture of compounds mentioned above. The results were analysed in the programme EthoVisionXT and later also statistically evaluated. In the system with available shelters the observed parameters (distance moved and activity) showed significant differences, where the exposed group walked significantly larger distances and was considerably more active than the control group. Exposed group also spent significantly more time outside the shelter. The results in the system without shelter were almost the opposite. The distance moved, velocity and activity were significantly different. The exposed crayfish showed considerably lower activity, velocity and moved shorter distances. The results of this experiment prove that the mixture of monitored compounds can have a significant impact on the behaviour of non-target fresh water organisms. The compounds had a softening effect and can affect sensory receptors of the exposed crayfish, which can have a significant impact on the populations in open waters.
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Influence of military disturbances on succession of arthropod communities in Brdy
Palivcová, Lucie ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Knapp, Michal (referee)
The thesis aims for relationship between military-caused disturbance intensity and species richness, conservation value and composition of arthropods communities in the Brdy Mts. In the Brdy abandoned military area (MTA), a highly heterogeneous habitat mosaic developed by the long-term influence of military disturbances on two shooting areas of Jordán and Tok. The habitats range from strongly disturbed sites with sparse vegetation, through heterogeneous growths of Erica and Vaccinium in moderately disturbed sites, to sparse woodlands in the least disturbed sites. Based on the shooting areas history reconstruction, 24 study plots of 4 categories of different disturbance intensity were selected in both shooting areas together. Standardized sampling of seven groups of arthropods was performed in summer 2017 by pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, and light traps. More intensive disturbances positively influenced species richness of Aculeates and conservation value of spiders and beetles, but negatively affected species richness of moths. Simultaneously, the intensity of disturbances affected community composition of spiders, moths, beetles, Aculeates and Orthopteroids. Endangered species mostly affiliated to the more intensively disturbed plots. This results should be helpful in understanding of influence...
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Gene manupulations in invertebrates
Čermáková, Eliška ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Konopásek, Ivo (referee)
Gene manipulations in invertebrates are based on the same approches used in vertebrates. The are applied for the development of new genotypes in model species, convenient as model systems of human hereditary diseases etc. Gene manipulations are important as well for practical purposes, which is shown by the example of trangenic mosquitoes. Recently, it has been proved that programmable nucleases can be successfully used in invertebrates. Key words: Gene manipulations, invertebrates, methods, applications, Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles, Bombyx mori, malaria
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Flow cytometry and its use for study of insects
Stuchlíková, Magdalena ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílek, David (referee)
Flow cytometry is a modern technique in research, playing a significant role in biomedicine and botanics. Despite its benefits (speed, simplicity, low costs), flow cytometry is currently not used in the study of insects on a large scale. This thesis gives an overview as to how flow cytometry is used in research on insects and summarises the results of such study. This pertains to genome size and its connections to other phenomena. Other focal points of research, such as ploidy and base pair ratios, are addressed to a lesser extent. Key words: flow cytometry, use in study of insects, genome size, ploidy, invertebrates
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