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Characterization of organic nanoparticles with encapsulated antimicrobial peptides
Vejrostová, Petra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on characterization of particles containing encapsulated antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme. The theoretical part deals with characterization of antimicrobial peptides and their description. Further part of review was focused on lysozyme, the selected representative used in this thesis, its structure, mechanism of action and possible usage. In the experimental part the Hartree-Lowry method was used for lysozyme detection, determination of encapsulation efficiency and for detecting the amount of lysozyme released after incubation in model physiological environment and in model foods. In process of encapsulation the highest amount of lysozyme was packed into 1% chitosan particles, manually prepared alginate particles and into liposomes. During study of stability of particles in model foods as the least stable manually prepared chitosan particles were found. The released lysozyme exhibited changes probably caused by its degradation. The highest influence on particles proved 3% acetic acid. During studying the stability of the particles in artificial digestive fluids as the most unstable manually prepared chitosan particles were found, while alginate particles were the most stable. The thesis also deals with changes in antimicrobial activity of encapsulated lysozyme in prepared particles and after its application into the model environments. A gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis was used in order to test the antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial tests showed that after encapsulation antimicrobial activity of lysozyme was substantially decreased in most samples. Size and stability of prepared particles was tested using dynamic light scattering.
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DNA Sequence Compression
Friedrich, Tomáš ; Burgetová, Ivana (referee) ; Martínek, Tomáš (advisor)
The increasing volume of biological data requires finding new ways to save these data in genetic banks. The target of this work is design and implementation of a novel algorithm for compression of DNA sequences. The algorithm is based on aligning DNA sequences agains a reference sequence and storing only diferencies between sequence and reference model. The work contains basic prerequisities from molecular biology which are needed for understanding of algorithm details. Next aligment algorithms and common compress schemes suitable for storing of diferencies agains reference sequence are described. The work continues with a description of implementation, which is follewed by derivation of time and space complexity and comparison with common compression algorithms. Further continuation of this thesis is discussed in conclusion.
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Zhodnocení provozních a ekonomických faktorů ovlivňujících výkupní cenu mléka na konkrétní farmě na Ukrajině
Orlov, Bohdan
The bachelor's thesis discusses operational and economic factors that affect the purchase price of milk. We were interested in one particular farm in Ukraine. The price formation mechanisms could be different compared to the Czech Republic and, consequently, the European Union, which was interesting us. The monitored parameters mainly included: the amount of milk pro-duced, fat and protein content, takings depending on the quantity and quality of milk produced. We selected the subject (sample) by convenience sampling method. The company STOV im. Lesia Serdiuka, which is specified for the breeding of Holstein (Ukrainian black-and-white) and Ukraini-an red-and-white cattle, served as the object of the research. Data collection was carried out through telephone conversations and e-mail communication, the obtained data were subse-quently processed according to common mathematical and statistical methods. The results of the research indicate a strong direct-proportional connection between the purchase price of milk and the concentration of fat and protein, however, the total takings are affected more by the amount of milk produced than by the amount of components contained in it.
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Technologie výroby a hodnocení jakostních parametrů bílých sýrů v solném nálevu
Mištová, Dominika
This thesis deals with the production technology and quality parameters evaluation of white brined cheeses. The characteristics, origins, technological procedures of production, and differences between them are described. The work aimed to carry out sensory evaluation and determination of physicochemical parameters. These criteria were identified for selected representatives of white brined cheeses available on the Czech market and for own samples produced under semi-operating conditions. A sub-objective was to compare both individual samples with each other and commercially available samples with the data given on the manufacturer's packaging. When comparing the results of the analysis with the data indicated on the package, the protein and fat content in both cases of commercially available samples was higher than declared by the manufacturer. On the other hand, the course of souring in the produced cheeses was insufficient. The titration results of the produced cheese samples differed by almost half from the cheeses purchased on the domestic market.
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Vliv vazného ustájení na parametry mléčné užitkovosti dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Skoupý, Roman
The aim of this work was to find out the influence of bonded housing on the parameters of milk productivity of dairy cows in a selected farm. The work took place in one calendar year 2022 from January to December. Among the monitored parameters were fat content (%), protein (%), lactose (%), amount of milk produced (kg), stage of lactation (days) and order of lactation (n). The samples were obtained from our own breeding and evaluated in the Laboratory of Applied Lactology at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Mendel University in Brno using the Julie C5 Automatic device. A total of 12 samples from 4 cows of two breeds, namely Holstein and Czech Spotted cattle, were processed. The results show that bonded housing has a significant effect on the milk production of a dairy cow. The fat content is influenced by the method of breeding but also the feeding technique and the health status of dairy cows, when the fat content was very different in individual months. The protein content was influenced by the order of lactation, where the higher the lactation, the lower the protein content. Lactose was not affected by any factor and was constant.
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Study of the effect of biomolecules on the solubility of poorly soluble drugs
Kheirabadi, Fatemeh ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vraníková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: Dr. Ondrej Holas, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. Anette Müllertz, Ph.D. Student: Fatemeh Kheirabadi Title of thesis: Effects of Proteins on Apparent Drug solubility in Fasted State Stimulated Colonic Fluids This thesis investigates the influence of proteins on the apparent solubility of drugs in fasted state stimulated colonic fluids. The investigation was conducted on a selection of compounds with varying physicochemical and plasma protein binding properties. Precisely, three different compounds named as Nilotinib, Carvedilol and Ritonavir were analyzed for their apparent solubility in three distinct protein sources: bovine serum albumin, mucin from dehydrated porcine gastric mucin type II, and collected porcine intestinal mucus. Accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was developed and employed as the analytical method to determine the concentration of the apparent drug solubility of the investigated compounds. The research on the solubility of poorly soluble compounds in simulated colonic fluids has been restricted. Additionally, factors such as the impact of proteins remains unexplored in biorelevant media, which could be critical for enhancing our understanding of drug...
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Nutrition during home hemodialysis treatment
Fialová, Petra ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Dusílková, Nina Borisovna (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nutrition of patients treated with home haemodialysis" deals with the analysis of diet and eating habits of patients treated with home haemodialysis. The aim of the thesis is to show that patients treated with home haemodialysis can follow a more moderate dietary restriction, thrive better and lead an active life. In the theoretical part I discuss the types of dialysis and their principles, complications of dialysis treatment, quality of life of dialysis patients and last but not least nutrition in different stages of kidney disease and dialysed patients. In the practical part, I based the results on structured questionnaires containing 20 questions and a detailed weekly menu. All 5 dialysis patients of the dialysis centre who are treated by home haemodialysis participated in the quantitative survey. The results of the survey showed that patients perceive a difference in their diet compared to conventional dialysis, with 60% of patients saying that they do not have to restrict themselves as much and 40% of patients even saying that they do not restrict themselves at all. Patients report these differences mainly in the amount of beverages, vegetables and fruits consumed. During the research, patients had normal laboratory results, felt better, experienced less fatigue and led a...
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Development of fortified gluten-free cereals for specific nutrition
Dohnalová, Radka ; Fialová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis was focused on the development of enriched gluten-free cereals for special nutrition. The fortified cereal product included processed microbial biomass, either as a freeze-dried powder or as an extract, for which the phenolic content, antioxidant content and protein content were determined. The theoretical part includes findings from professional literature on gluten-free cereals, pseudocereals and their chemical composition. Subsequently, a review on microalgae and yeasts was prepared including a list of their metabolites. The literature search focused on green microalgae and carotenogenic yeasts. In the experimental part, the characterization of the selected pseudocereals and optimization of the prepared extracts of the selected microalgae and carotenogenic yeast were firstly carried out. The selected pseudocereals were amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa. The green microalgae strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the carotenogenic yeast strain Cystofilobasidium macerans were selected for enrichment of the pseudocereals. Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, -glucans, gluten, vitamins, phenolic substances, flavonoids and antioxidants were determined in the pseudocereals. Total fatty acids, lipophilic substances, phenolic substances and total antioxidant activity were detected in the microbial biomass. Finally, mixed cereal products were prepared from pseudocereal flour, microbial biomass and microbial extract. The cytotoxicity of the selected extracts was determined by MTT assay. It was found that the addition of algal biomass alone or algal extract to cereal flours resulted in a significant increase in protein. The yeast ethanol extract increased the phenolic and antioxidant content of the cereal products.
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Myths in sports nutrition
Seger, Jakub ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Jandová, Tereza (referee)
Title: Myths in nutrition Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to define and analyse the most common myths about nutrition that are commonly encountered on websites, social networks or in popular science literature. I will then seek to confirm or refute these claims by reviewing the available scientific evidence. Methods: Research Keywords: sports nutrition, protein, anabolic window, evening meal, protein before bedtime, effects of creatine, gluten-free diet, fats
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Nutrition and supplementation in fitness and bodybuilding
Havlová, Ivona ; Kimmer, David (advisor) ; Šimková, Simona (referee)
Nutrition and Supplementation in Fitness and Bodybuilding Abstract The topic of this master's thesis is "Nutrition and Supplementation in Fitness and Bodybuilding". Physical fitness is getting more and more popular and becoming a global industry. Young people tend to prefer gyms to other types of physical activities. The advantage of fitness workouts is that there is no age limit, provided the person is healthy, as evidenced by exercising individuals who are 15 years old but also senior citizens over the age of 65. The empirical part of the paper was conducted using a qualitative method, gathering respondents through snowball sampling where participants identify others. As many as 28 respondents were divided into two groups: people doing conditioning and bodybuilding whose characteristics are explained in the Operationalisation chapter. All respondents did a semi-structured interview and provided a three-day diet plan. The goal was to map eating habits and the most common diet plans of people doing conditioning and bodybuilding, and to discover supplements they use the most frequently. The practical part of the thesis focused on the most frequent diet plans and supplements in fitness practitioners. The research findings indicate that the most common diet is high in protein and carbohydrates and low in fat,...
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