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Subjective and psychophysiological parametres of emotions elicited by various animal taxa
Peterková, Šárka ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Čmejla, Roman (referee) ; Španiel, Filip (referee)
SUBJEKTIVNÍ A PSYCHOFYZIOLOGICKÉ PARAMETRY EMOCÍ, KTERÉ VZBUZUJÍ RŮZNÉ SKUPINY ZVÍŘAT Mgr. Šárka Peterková Abstract The central theme of this dissertation is human evaluation of animals from the perspective of subjectively experienced emotions and their psychophysiological correlates. It deals mainly with the emotion of disgust and its connection with aesthetic evaluation and perception of animal beauty, and, on the other hand, with another negative emotion, fear. It also aims to assess the findings from an evolutionary perspective and to understand the role of emotions evoked by animals in present times. It contains a total of six papers that were part of broader scientific projects, each of which addresses the subject from a slightly different angle. The first paper is a review dealing with negative emotions evoked by animals and is thus part of the theoretical introduction to this dissertation. It provides an overview of the subjective evaluation of animals according to fear and disgust, places the role of negative emotions in an evolutionary context, and finally analyses specific morphological features of representatives of different taxa that influence human perception. The second article details the assessment of emotions evoked by amphibians. In this case, the degree of perceived disgust is so...
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Communication with Children about Death after the Loss Their Close Person in the Context of Curriculum as Well as Their World
Kleinová, Edita ; Bravená, Noemi (advisor) ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with how to talk with children about death after the death of someone close to them, not only in the context of the curriculum, but also their world in general. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part is arranged chronologically so that the individual chapters follow each other as best as possible and then create a comprehensive picture of how to communicate appropriately with children about death. The empirical part consists of qualitative research, specifically the research method of semi-structured in-depth interviews. These are conducted with adults who have lost a very close person at a young age. Keywords child, death, fear, loss, separation, reconciliation, curriculum
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The Picture of the Divided Self in the Work of R.L. Stevenson and Bram Stoker
KACEROVSKÁ, Lucie
The thesis focuses on the theme of split personality in the works of Bram Stoker and Robert Louis Stevenson. The aim of this thesis is a comparative analysis of the novels Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by R. L. Stevenson and Dracula by Bram Stoker, with regard to the key theme of split personality. The introductory theoretical part discusses the significance of this theme in Anglo-American gothic prose, drawing mainly on Botting's study Gothic. The following chapters are devoted to a comparative interpretation of selected motifs, such as mystery, love, pursuit, desire for power, fear, violence, science and education, friendship, and love. The thesis also focuses on the function of space and the depiction of crime, guilt, and conscience in both novels. Last but not least, it addresses the significance of contrasts and symbolic images in creating psychological tension in the works of both authors. This thesis offers a psychological perspective on two famous gothic novels and their shared theme.
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Procedural pain in children in intensive care
Duchoň, Jan ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Sedlářová, Petra (referee)
Diploma thesis Proecdural pain in children in intensive care 11 ABSTRACT Background: This diploma thesis deals with the effect of the pharmacological approach of the topical anesthetic EMLA and the non-pharmacological approach of visual distract- ion on self-reported procedural pain and fear during the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter (appr. PVC) in children aged up 2 to 8 years in the intensive care environment. Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis was to provide a systematic review of relevant studies that dealt with the effects of pharmacological and non-pharma- cological interventions used in the procedural pain and fear management in children aged up 6 to 18 years during the PVC insertion. The objective of the empirical part of the thesis was to determine whether the use of the topical anesthetic EMLA in children aged up 8 to 18 years undergoing PVC insertion is more effective in reducing procedural pain and fear than visual distraction and whether the level of procedural pain in these children with regard on the provided therapy is influenced by sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five relevant databases on PRISMA parameters. N = 16 randomized trials were included in the systematic review. In the pros- pective,...
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The effect of height on perceived anxiety when overcoming a challenge obstacle
Bóday, Anna ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Zdobinský, Adam (referee)
Title: The effect of height on perceived anxiety when overcoming a challenge obstacle Objectives: The aim of this final thesis was to determine the immediate psychical response of overcoming the adrenaline barrier in the natural environment. In two cases. At first without the heigh aspect and than with this height aspect. Afterwards we had compared difference between measure of anxiety in these two cases. Then we had compared the difference in the level of anxiety between women and men. Methods: The method of researching was standardized questionnaire CSAI -2, with 27 questions. Which targets three areas of anxiety - somatic, cognitiv, self-confidence. We had a group of 34 respondents with 20 female and 14 male aged 20-26. They had to answer on this questionnare just before they overcome the obstacle. First on the floor, and than up in eleven metres above the ground. Data was analyzed by statistic program R 4.1.2. Results: Between the low and high logs, there was a significant increase in somatic anxiety (V = 43, Padj <0.001) and cognitive anxiety (V = 93, Padj = 0.002), at the same time, there was a decrease in self-confidence (df = 33, t = 4.06, Padj <0.001). Anxiety levels between the low and high log are highly correlated for both somatic (τ = 0.478, z = 3.78, Padj <0.001) and cognitive anxiety...
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The Impact of Injuries on the Mental Health of Athletes
Vighová, Kristýna ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Panská, Šárka (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of athletes returning to training and match process after injury, with focus on their mental health. The goal is to indentify negative psychological states that subsequently affect the performance of athletes, and their frequency in athletes returning to the training and match process after injury. A sub-goal is to find out the following possible variables involved in increasing/moderating these conditions. The work verifies the frequency of occurence of negative psychological states; investigates the influence of repeated injuries, differences between woman and man athletes, differences in individual and team athletes, and also verifies the frequency of use of coping strategies an their specific form. The work is devided into a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part was prepared on the basis of Czech and foreign language professional literature. In the research part,we use the psychological questionnaire CSAI-2 to determine the occurrence of anxiety and its influence on the performance of individuals in sportsman, who have suffered injuries. We expected that the injury would increase the athletes's anxiety at the time of returning to the training and match process. KEYWORDS Mental states, Emotions, Injuries, Return to Sport, Stress, Anxiety, Fear,...
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The usage of audiovisual aids at taking a blood sample from child
BRČÁKOVÁ, Dominika
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the possibilities of using audiovisual aids during venous blood sampling in children. The issue of pain management should be studied because it is very important to prevent or at least minimize pain. Pain caused during medical procedures can be traumatizing for a child and can also affect their attitude towards further treatment. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the different developmental periods of a child, the character and approaches to venous blood sampling, education, fear, pain, pain management techniques, and pain assessment scales. The practical part contains the results obtained from the research study. The main objective of this thesis was to determine whether the use of audiovisual aids can reduce pain during venous blood sampling in children. The study used the method of participant observation, and the results were recorded using a structured recording form. Data collection took place at the pediatric department of a hospital in South Bohemia. A total of 30 respondents were observed and divided into 2 groups, with each group containing 15 respondents. In the first group, venous blood sampling was performed in the usual way, while in the second group, an audiovisual aid, a tablet with pre-selected fairy tales, was used during the procedure. The selection of fairy tales was based on the age of the respondents. Based on the results, it was found that the audiovisual aid is not fully helpful in reducing pain during venous blood sampling in children. It can be used as a distraction tool before venous blood sampling, as it can entertain the child while waiting for the procedure. However, during the actual blood draw and pain, the child did not show much interest in the aid. It is also important to note that the observed interest in this potential aid was only apparent in children aged four and older.
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Working with the emotion of fear in preschool education
NEDĚLKOVÁ, Monika
The bachelor thesis is focused on the emotions of fear and anxiety in the preschool age of the child. The first chapter clarifies the developmental specifics of preschool children in the field of emotional and cognitive development. The next chapter describes the child's emotional experience, which is closely related to the development and strengthening of mental resilience in preschool age. The last chapter of the theoretical part approaches the emotions of fear and anxiety with a focus on the child's experience of these specific selected emotions. The empirical part of the work pays attention to the possibilities and techniques of working with these emotions in kindergarten. The method of interview with kindergarten teachers is chosen for the research survey. Research shows that each individual experiences their individual fears, which may be common or atypical. During the interviews, the respondents emphasize the need for an empathic approach to the child, inducing trust, safety and security. In an effort to alleviate children's fear, teachers use a variety of tools in their practice. The thesis includes a topic for a weekly program based on a book publication on the topic of fear.
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Strategy how to deal with a fear before surgery
ROSOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with the strategies that the nurse uses in her practice to alleviate preoperative fear in patients. Waiting for surgery or being taken to the operating room can be stressful events for the patient. The overall mental state of the patient has a significant effect on the postoperative outcome, especially on the length of hospitalization or infection. The aim of the research was to find out patients' expectations from nurses and their attitude to nursing interventions to manage fear, factors influencing patients' fear, communication techniques of nurses and information that nurses provide to patients in the preoperative period. The research was carried out using a qualitative method, the technique of semi-structured interviews. The obtained data was analyzed by the technique of open coding with subsequent division into categories and subcategories. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents. The first research sample was general nurses working in the surgical department. The second research sample consisted of patients who were hospitalized in the surgical department due to surgery. 21 open-ended questions were used to interview general nurses, focusing on information provided by the general nurse in the preoperative period, measures related to the COVID 19 pandemic and their impact on preoperative preparation, but also on nurse interventions used to alleviate patients' fears. 24 open-ended questions were used to interview patients, focusing on the impact of the hospital environment, factors affecting the patient's fear, awareness in the preoperative period, or COVID 19 measures and their effects on the patient. The results of the research survey showed that medical staff, the family and the hospital environment have a major impact on reducing fear. For the interviewed patients, the approach of general nurses, the influence of co-patients, the family and awareness have an irreplaceable role in reducing preoperative fear. The interviewed nurses consider the most important intervention to be an individual and empathic approach, proper education with an explanation of all risks. They use educational cards or notice boards for education. Measuring fear instruments are not used in practice. The patient's expressed confidence in the medical staff has a fundamental effect on reducing preoperative fear. The output of the work is the creation of a new scale for measuring preoperative fear. This scale should very easily and quickly find out how much fear the patient is experiencing.
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