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Dairy cattle breeding in terms of organic farming
Kapusňáková, Kateřina ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
Bachelor thesis aimed to create a comprehensive set of issues of breeding dairy cattle breeds in terms of organic farming as a literary review. In the first part I described the importance of breeding dairy cattle in organic farming states of dairy cattle in the EU and the Czech Republic (currently in the Czech Republic behaves 224,873 head of cattle, of which 7,402 cows), the different breeds of dairy cattle used in the Czech Republic organic farming, both milk (Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Montbeliard) and a dual purpose (Czech pied cattle), as I have announced legislation which are mandatory for organic farmers (Act no. 242/2000 Coll., NR no. 834/2007, NK no. 889/2008). In my work I have summarized the findings of breeding dairy cattle breeds and their uses including non-production functions (grazing and landscape maintenance) technique and technology of the various categories of animals (methods of housing - is the most appropriate free housing with enclosure), milk yields (differences in milk composition in conventional and organic farming) and its control, acquisition and processing of milk and production of dairy products, issues of health and disease (prevention, treatment, mastitis as the biggest cause of economic losses in dairy cows), reproduction (permitted by biotechnological methods, methods of heat detection, methods dimpling). In chapter grazing cattle I have summarized the findings about the effects of cattle grazing on the landscape formation, and also highlighted the impact of grazing on biodiversity and protected plants and animals that are on pasture may occur. In conclusion, I summarized the economy breeding dairy cattle and described the subsidy policy conditions and income subsidies for organic farmers.
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Influence of robotic milking on milk production and quality
Houšková, Veronika ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The object of this thesis was to assess the influence of robotic milking machines on the production and quality of milk in a herdof Czech Mottled Simmental cattle at a family farm Suchý during the period from January 2014 to December 2015.
The hypothesis: Robotic milking worsensre productive performance of cows and aggravates diseases of the limbs.
When evaluating the milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cows in individual years, the data necesery was obtained from the control documentation of processed during regular yield assessments, carried out by Natural spol. s.r.o and the data selected from Analysis of a Herd Registered in a Herd-book of Czech Mottled Simmental Cattle, drawn up by the Czech-Moravian Breeders Association a.s. The statistical evaluation was processed and analysed by using Microsoft Office Excel and a statistical programme SAS 9.3 (SAS/STAT 9.3, 2011).
In respekt of the influence of order of lactation, it was found that some indicator shave a strong influence. As fortheherd A as well as herd B, a positive correlation between the sequence of lactation and milk production in kg (r= 0,123 herd A, r= 0,289 herd B; at a significance level of p<0.001). In herd A the milk production was higher than in the second and subsequent lactations by 1,165 kg compared with the first lactation (6,835kg). In a herd milked by a robot the production of milk was significantly higher than in the second lactation, and that by 2,221kg (7,285kg). Another positive correlation was found between thes equence of lactation and the number of somatic cells (r= 0.556 herd A, and r= 0,669 herd B and on the level of signifikance of p<0,001). In the originál herd quantities of somatic cells were measure dagainst the second and higher lactation, and that 388 x 1000/ ml. The same result has beenals of fortheherd B with a milking robot. The higher number of somatic cells was retraced in the second and higher lactation (282 x 1000/ ml); that means a lower value by 138 x 1000/ ml in comparison to the first lactation. When viewing the influence of the order of lactation on qualitative indicators, negative correlation wasestablished only in respekt of fat and lactose content.
After the evaluation of influence of the number of lactation days, a positive influence was found on the production of milk in kg (r= 0,923 herd A, and r= 0,885 herd B at a signifikance level of p<0.001). In both herdst hehighest performance wase stablishe dat the peak of lactation (24,6 kg forherd A and 27,19, kg forherd B). It was alsonoted that thereis a positive effect of lactation days on the protein content in milk (r= 0,253 forherd A and r= 0,100 forherd B on a level of signifikance of p<0.001). The highest percentage of protein was present in the originál herd A (3,385%) as well as in the robotisedherd B (3,365%) in the first lactationphase 1- 40 days. Contrariwise, number of lactation days has a negative effect on the kontent of fat, lactose and somatic cells in the milk.
In this thesis reproductive indicators were also evaluated. In robotised herd the repre found better values in the interim period, service period and during gestation period of cows after 1st insemination. In contrast with stalls with tandem milking, better results of conceiving of heifers after 1st insemination were achieved as well as conceiving of heifer after all inseminations, the insemination index and the percentage of conceptions of cows after all inseminations.
The above results indicate that the hypothesis cannot be fully confirmed or refuted. That part of the hypothesis, which assumes that robotic milking worsens the health condition of the limbscan be confirmed. But the second part of the hypothesis, deterioration of reproductive performance cannot be confirmed. For most of the reproductive performance indicators of there was signifiant improvement in milking using the robot.
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Indicators of influence on the reproduction of the level and quality of milk production
Poláčková, Barbora ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate research of reproduction indicators on the level of milk production and the quality of the milk on selected farm. Materials for processing thesis were obtained on Oldřich Poláček´s Farm Hole. Mr. Poláček´s farm is located in Central Bohemia and manages 380 ha of arabe land. The farm bred Holstein cows, for now there are 190 dairy cows of this breed.
The indicators of milk production and reproduction were observed from 2013 to 2015. Results of the observed farm were compared with results of milk yield of Holstein cattle breeders association in the Czech Republic.
The data were analyzed and statistically processed using SAS 9.3 (SAS / STAT; 9.3, 2011). To determine the basic parameters of the files were used MEANS procedures and UNIVARIATE.
Evaluation of milk yield and indicators of reproduction was based on the results obtained from the recorded milk production of cows done by Holstein cattle breeders association and stable computer system AFIFARM. To evaluate the data were used 104 dairy cows, which had last two standardized lactation completed in the test years from 2013 to 2015 and 121 dairy cows, which had the first standardized lactation completed in 2014 or 2015.
For the milk yield were evaluated parameters of kilograms of milk per lactation, kilograms of milk per day, fat (%), protein (%) milk, depending on reproduction (days open, calving interval, age at the first calving) and lactation order.
Milk yield on the farm in 2015 was above the national average in Czech Republic. For dairy cows with the first lactation was up to 8 536 kilograms per standardized lactacion, for dairy cows with second lactation was up to 10 928 kg, and for dairy cows with third and more lactation was up to 10 864 kg. The average content of 3,71% fat and 3,28% protein.
The influence of lactation negatively impacted % protein (r = -0.278). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0.001). The highest protein content was on the first lactation 3,40%, and lowest in the fifth lactation 3,20%.
Statistically failed to demonstrate the influence of the order of lactation on the milk yield per standardized lactation, kilograms of milk and % of fat content.
The positive effect was shown between milk yield per lactation in kg and daily milk yield in kg (r = 1). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0,001). The lowest daily milk yield on the first lactation was (30,24 kg) with the production of 9223,06 kg of milk and the highest on the third lactation (47,43 kg) with the production of 14466,76 kg of milk.
Increasing of milk production per lactation had a negative effect on the % of fat content (r = -0,137), and % of protein content (r = -0.196). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0.05). With increasing milk production declined % of fat content and % of protein content.
Statistically failed to demonstrate the influence of the milk production per lactacion on the open days and the calving interval.
Effect was demonstrated between the % of fat content and protein content in % (r = 0,501) at a level of significance (P <0,001). With increasing of fat content in%, increased also the the protein content in %. The lowest protein content (3,20%) was with a 3,66% of fat content. The highest protein content (3,40%) was with a 3,68% of fat content.
Age at first calving of dairy cows negatively impacted on % of the fat content of milk (r = -0,186). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0,05). With age increasing at first calving declined % of fat content in milk.
There was also demonstrated a connexion between the standardized lactacion and days open (r= 0,227). Conclusiveness was on to the level of significance (P <0,05). With open days increasing the amond of milk per lactacion was higher.
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Effect of internal factors on milk production and quality
Zvonař, Miroslav ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Stupka, Roman (referee)
The theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis was focused on describtion of milked breeds of cattle and its breeding technique and technology, as well as diet and feed. I was trying to expleain effect of some inner factors such as genetic factors, health condition, reproductive indicators, lactation number and mastitis, on milk production and its quality. In practical demonstration, held in the Meclovska zemědělská Ltd. company on the farm Srby, the influence of these inner factors on milk production and its quality was observed.
Firstly, the research was focused on milk constituents proportions: protein, fat percentage and the number of somatic cells. Secondly, it was focused on performance evaluation during normal lactation, the age of the cattle when first calving, meantime, insemination interval and post partum interval. Data were found in the cattle performance inspection results from January 2015 to December 2015.
On this particular farm Srby, there are circa 660 cows of the Holstein cow breed. In this reported period the average volume of milk was 10 400 kg during normal lactation with the percentage of proteins 3,44 % and 3,84 % fat. The average amount of somatic cells was 354 thousand in 1 ml of milk.
Randomly chosen group of 100 pieces of cattle was selected for further research. The group was divided into two groups of 50 pieces of cattle. In the first group there were 50 first calf cows and in the second group there were cows on the second or higher level of lactation. The first group of first calf cows managed to produce in average of 9 521 kg of milk with 3,86 % of fat and 3,36 % of proteins. The average amount of somatic cells in 1 ml of milk was 72 thousand. In the second group consisted of cows on second or higher level of lactation, there were different results as the average milk production was higher 11 790 kg with average of 3,75 % of fat and 3,35 % of proteins. There was significantly less somatic cells in 1 ml of milk. The result was surprisingly great with 46 thousands somatic cells in 1 ml of milk.
First calf cows during the first calving were 741 days old on average. The average insemination interval in the first group of first calf was 72 days long and the average post partum interval was 102 days long. In the second group of cows on higher lactation level the average meantime was 396 days. The average insemination interval was 80 days and the average post- partum interval was 117 days, which is quite long and it could be implying to bad result, but we should consider high efficiency of observed dairy cows.
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Analysis of Holstein dairy cow breeding
Váchalová, Veronika ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the breeding of Holstein dairy cattle within the system of intensive agriculture. The first chapters summarise the history of the breed, its origins and utilitarian purpose. The following chapters describe the systems of stabling, feeding and milking. The main factors affecting the economy include the quality and production of milk, as well as reproduction of dairy cows.
The practical part is engaged in the evaluation of reproduction and milk production at the farm in Tlumačov, which belongs under the Mrákov collective farm in the district of Domažlice. The farm had 239 cows of the Holstein breed in 2015. Their results were evaluated on the basis of milk utility control sheets for the period from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015. I divided the monitored herd into 3 groups: cows in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation. I focused on the comparison of the total milk yield, milk fat content, protein percentage and number of somatic cells in all three groups. The results showed that the average milk yield of the entire herd for 2015 was 10,064 kg with an average fat content of 384 kg (3,81%) and milk protein content of 328 kg (3,26 %). As for the number of somatic cells, the average value 130,000/ml achieved by the farm in Tlumačov is very good. The best results were achieved by cows in the 1st lactation, with the average value of 70,000/ml. Their milk therefore is in compliance with the highest quality requirements.
Reproduction was evaluated by basic parameters. The results showed that gravidity after the first insemination reached satisfactory values for heifers as well as cows. Although the service period was shorter than optimal, according to various literary sources it is tolerable. The insemination index for heifers was evaluated as very good. Cows also achieved a good result in this parameter in 2015.
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Chovatelská a ekonomická analýza chovu skotu v zemědělském podniku
LHOTKA, Pavel
The aim of the thesis is evaluation the breeding and economical factors of livestock breeding in agricultural company VOD Jetřichovec between 2012-2014 years. The data needed for economic analysis (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow) were are obtained from the accounting of the company. The data for analysis of reproduction (reproduction and milk production) were are compiled from records of performance tests and records of the animals. The statistical comparison with the average of the Czech Republic was carried out using the results of the tender Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information. The results of performance and reproduction in the years 2012 to 2014 shows that the monitored breeding achieved when compared to the average population of Holstein cattle bred in the Czech Republic, above-average values. The statistical comparison with the average of the Czech Republic was carried out using the results of the tender Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information. Excellent research results gained in VOD Jetřichovec arises. The reproduction of purebred breeding is used in a closed herd turnover. The reproduction of purebred breeding is used in a closed herd turnover. The main value of the reproductive indicators, performance and breeding bulls in a company are comparable or better than the national average. In milk production, which is the main indicator of dairy cows, the amount of milk produced and sold on average 13% higher. The rearing of calves and heifers is also at a high level, as evidenced by the low mortality and good health. Fattening bulls has a very high level, which is monitored each year, compared profitable UZEI research. To improve economic and breeding levels would be necessary in the long term to increase production, reduce costs, focus on improving livestock breeding through a professional approach and application of innovative technologies.
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Influence of different factors for milk production
FUKSOVÁ, Eliška
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis was feeding system of dairy cows. It describes and regards level of nutrition at given farm, where Holstein dairy cows are breeding. On the basis o observation and obtained data were regard nutrition. Total mixed ration and the obtained data about nutrients were compared with data in the professional literature. There was describe and regard feeding technique at farm and results of milk production given cows was regard with the national average. Bachelor´s thesis revealed deficiencies in the feeding system and it was highlighted about them. Main problem was great content of nitrogenous substanced in diet. There is any phase feeding for lactating cows. This study suggested improvement for reasonable nutrition by phase of lactation. It reduced costs for liter of milk produces.
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The evaluation of level management in agricultural enterprise
LOJDA, Stanislav
In the thesis there were evaluated breeding and economical factors of livestock breeding in agricultural company Lesonice JSC in the years 2009 ? 2011. The results show that the livestock breeding in this company is on high breeding as well as cost-effective level. Especially milk-cows breed of Czech brindle stock (Fleckvieh) have an excellent production of milk and good breeding values in comparison to the Czech average. Calves in the breed are in a good health condition, which proves in the low mortality rate. The category of heifers has also good-quality breed with low age of calving. There are only few data concerning the bull-fattening that was renewed in 2009. The cost-comparison to the Czech average was carried out by means of sample survey of Institute for agricultural economics and information in Prague. The costs are comparable to the Czech average and by some stock-categories they are even lower. If the company would like to prefer the Holsteiner cattle, it would have to better utilize the breeding reserves and increase the efficiency that is now under the Czech average. The management shell continuously lower the costs by means of innovations and professional attitude. Reliable calculation of costs and incomes must be stressed.
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