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Parasite cystatins as inhibitors of cysteine proteases: structural aspects of functional specificity and their evolution
Buša, Michal ; Mareš, Michael (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee) ; Kukačka, Zdeněk (referee)
Members of the cystatin family are important inhibitors of cathepsin-type cysteine proteases and are involved in a number of pathologies. Parasite cystatins are attractive target molecules for parasite control, but our knowledge about them is still limited. This work is focused on cystatins of two blood-feeding parasites: the common tick (Ixodes ricinus) as the main vector of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis, and the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), the causative agent of fasciolosis. Four novel cystatins were functionally and structurally characterized to determine the structural determinants of their inhibitory specificity and describe them in the context of evolution and physiological role of cystatins. The cystatin FhCyLS-2 from F. hepatica has broad inhibitory specificity and is suggested to play a dual role in the regulation of proteolytic systems in host tissue and the parasite gut. FhCyLS-2 combines the characteristics of two cystatin subfamilies in a unique way and is a model representative of a novel evolutionary group of cystatins identified in several orders of parasitic flukes. Ricistatin and iristatin are salivary cystatins of I. ricinus with immunomodulatory effects on the host caused by an exceptionally narrow inhibitory specificity. It was explained by structural modifications of...
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Hodnocení míry parazitární infekce koní v aktivním ustájení
HŘEBEJKOVÁ, Lucie
Over the course of a year, parasite infestation was repeatedly monitored in 24 horses and 3 ponies using the McMaster test. EPG levels chase throughout the year, being highest in spring and lowest in winter. They are generally Lower in ponies than in large horses. In spring all animals were clasified as infected with a strondylides gra-dual decrease in the proportion of animals with high EPG values since spring. The highest value found for the horse was 3075, while the highest value for the pony was 1200 EPG. The correlation was then confirmed statistically, hen the value of p = 0,004 0,05. The high variability of determinations suggests a significant influence of an animal's individual characteristics rather than a correlation with age, animal species, or time of determination (p 0.05).
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Technické a alternativní metody k šetrnému tlumení varoózy
NOVOTNÝ, Josef
Varroosis is a disease afflicting beehive on every continent except for Australia. Since 2000 the disease is known to be caused by the Varroa destructor mite. This thesis' first goal was to summarize information about this parasite and the methods limiting its impact. The second goal was to prepare and conduct a test verifying the effectiveness of the ultrasound method, which was carried out with the Varroa-Killer-Sound device. In order to enable the analysis, bee samples from two hives were chosen and those were then tested for the quantity of Varroa destructor females using the sugar shake method. The first sample group consisted of bees treated with the ultrasound method, the latter were control beehives, which were not experimentally treated. Furthermore, other factors were continually measured: temperature, relative humidity, and dew point of the external environment. The results of the research were analyzed by the STATISTICA 12 program.
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Vyhodnocení vlivu nekonvenčních způsobů léčby využívaných v ekologickém zemědělství na výskyt vybraných endoparazitů u koní
RANNÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on getting information about the effect of unconventional treatment against specific horse endoparasites used in ecological agriculture and applying it on chosen horse-breeding. The experiment was carried out with 14 horses from the same stable, divided into three herds. The horses were divided into two groups prior to the given dewormer. One group was treated unconventionally - by homeopathic remedy PVB etat vermieux. The second control group got allopathic drugs - chemical deworming paste (Noromectin Praziquantel Duo). Qualitative coprological examinations were performed to detect parasitic infection. The examinations were performed before the administration of both types of preparations and two weeks after the administration, weekly control coprological examinations were performed for a period of 5 weeks after the administration of the preparations. The last control coprological examination was performed in the veterinary laboratory on week 9 of the experiment. Except for one horse, all of them were attacked by small and large strongylides prior to administration, in one horse, equine tapeworm eggs were also present during the coprological examination. Allopathic drugs showed very good efficacy in coprological analyzes, only one horse (six-month-old foal) had horseworm eggs during the first five weeks. At the final control coprological examination, negative intensity was maintained in 5 of 6 horses. Low intensity of parasitic infection (+) was examined in one of these horses. During the first 5 weeks, only a partial decrease in parasitic infection was observed within the homeopathically treated horses, and one horse was maintained at a negative intensity during all coprological examinations. Results from week 9 confirmed the assumption that homeopathically treated horses will gradually reduce parasitic infection. Examinations showed negative intensity in 7 of 8 horses, which were given the homeopathic preparation PVB etat vermieux. Only one horse showed a low intensity of parasitic infection (+). The experiment showed comparable efficacy of allopathic and homeopathic deworming drugs.
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Výskyt vnitřních parazitů koní ve vybraných chovech
HOŘEJŠOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to process literature data on the occurrence, deve-lopmental stages and the possibilities of breeding measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses, supplemented by self-monitoring in the specified breeding. The EPG values of the box housing were compared with a new only beginning type of active housing. Age, pedigree and climatic conditions were also taken into ac-count.
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Effect of endosymbionts on composition and properties of Trichomonas vaginalis exosomes
Zdrha, Alois ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the human reproductive tract and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most spread non-viral sexually transmitted disease. Although trichomoniasis usually has mild symptoms, it can lead to serious adverse effects. The course of the disease is influenced by the host immune system, microbiome and virulence of the parasite. Importantly, the virulence of T. vaginalis is extremely variable, and it depends on secreted and surface molecules. Among these are proteases and adhesins, which can be secreted as part of the secretome or through extracellular vesicles (EVs). Further potential virulence factors are the endosymbionts of T. vaginalis: Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) and Mycoplasma hominis. Although extensively studied, no consensus on whether TVV exacerbates trichomoniasis has been reached. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the effect of TVV on the protein and RNA exosomal cargo and to assess the cytokines induced by exosomes of TVV-positive T. vaginalis. Key words endosymbionts, dsRNA virus, TVV, exosome, parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, bioinfor- matics
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Comparison of Biology Textbooks used in the Czech Republic and Bulgaria with Special Attention to Parasitology
Glavanakovová, Marie ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to compare Czech and Bulgarian Biology textbooks for primary and secondary schools with a special focus on parasitic organisms. The goal was to determine the differences in the processing of textbooks and whether the topic of parasitology is comprehended fundamentally different. The evaluation was performed as a qualitative analysis as the textbooks were scored according to pre-set criteria. Furthermore, in the quantitative part of the research, the occurrence of individual parasites in the examined textbooks was monitored. The analysis also focused on the comparison of educational systems and educational programs taking parasitic organisms into consideration. In my work, I came to the conclusion that both regions have modern textbooks with a high standard but in Bulgaria there is a better integration of health education in textbooks than in the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the work describes significant differences in secondary school curricula.
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Protists in oral cavity of humans and animals.
Brixí, Kateřina ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Rada, Petr (referee)
Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas gallinae, Trichomonas gypaetinii, Trichomonas stableri, Trichomonas equibuccalis, Trichomonas brixi, Tetratrichomonas canistomae, Tetratrichomonas felistomae and Tetratrichomonas empyemagena are unicellular eukaryotes (protists) that may occur in oral cavity of humans and domestic animals. These protozoans are mostly referred as commensals and relatively low attention is paid to them, since they usually are not primary cause of serious health problems. However, based on current knowledge, it can be concluded that more appropriate term for Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax would be an opportunistic pathogen, while Trichomonas gallinae is a primary pathogen. There are very little studies and findings about the rest of oral protozoans and their pathogenicity, therefore it is not possible to assess their significance for a host. Nevertheless, the oral protozoans should not be neglected, as in some cases they can cause serious health complications in their host.
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