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Redukce metanu u přežvýkavců pomocí výživy
Pávišová, Aneta
The bachelor thesis "Methane reduction in ruminants by means of nutrition", provides a comprehensive overview of the ways in which methane production in ruminants can be reduced within the limits of possibility. The thesis discusses the addition of feed additives to the ration, the manipulation of feed components in the ration and the influence of feeding techniques. Finally, it describes alternative methods of methane reduction, such as the use of vaccines in ruminant breeding or the use of genetic selection. Livestock are responsible for up to 18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and this figure is estimated to increase further. At the same time, the formation of methane in the rumen results in a loss of energy from feed of up to 12 %. The use of feed additives in the ration rather than ration modification alone appears to be effective. The type of animal, housing management and individuality of the animals are very important. It is important to design and research both new and existing measures in order to establish clear feeding practices and reduce the economic losses of the farm.
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Quaternary climate changes: Analysis of the primary/secondary and high school textbooks
HAVLÍKOVÁ, Adriana
The bachelor's thesis deals with climatic changes in the Quaternary and its content in natural history, geography, and history textbooks for elementary and high schools. In the first part, we learn about the basic terms for a better understanding of the issue. Furthermore, both natural and anthropogenic causes, consequences, and development of climate changes in history from prehistoric times to the present. The second part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the topic of climate change in textbooks. The results are summarized in a clear table. The main goal of the work was to analyse the information that are obtained in the textbooks to evaluate whether the topics which, are contained in the textbooks, are sufficient for students for fully understanding. At the end, a worksheet for the 9th grade of elementary school was created as a supplemental curriculum, which is intended to help with the correct understanding of the topic of climate change and to avoid misinterpretations.
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Study of the ecological impact of production, operation and disposal of various types of cars
Raffay, Tobiáš ; Čudek, Pavel (referee) ; Jaššo, Kamil (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on the problem of the ecological impact of the production, use and disposal of vehicles. The theoretical part summarizes the necessary theoretical knowledge for an introduction to this issue. Thus, it focuses on the entire life cycle of a passenger vehicle and the emissions associated with it. The thesis deals with the greenhouse gases released during the whole life cycle of the vehicle. Thus, from the processing of materials, the production of passenger car parts, also in the production and combustion of fuel as well as in the disposal and recycling of the vehicle. The work compares the emissions of petrol, diesel, electric and hydrogen vehicles.
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The Balance of the Nitrogen in Agriculture
Klír, Jan ; Beranová, Jana ; Dědina, Martin ; Wollnerová, Jana
Methodology addressing nitrogen balance issues is a suitable tool for verifying the correctness of agricultural management and shows the relation between nitrogen used in agriculture and its losses in gaseous form to air or in the form of nitrates to surface and groundwater. The assessment of nitrogen balance, greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants is closely linked and therefore requires the quantification of nitrogen sources used in agriculture. Synchronization of input data used to evaluate nitrogen flows in agriculture is essential to increasing the methodological level of reporting the nitrogen balance, greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants for the Czech Republic in terms of the requirements of international organizations.
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Determination of active emissions of electric cars
Kaštánek, Petr ; Bayer, Robert (referee) ; Jaššo, Kamil (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the ecology of vehicles with combustion engines and electric motors, both in terms of operation and in terms of production of fuel or electricity. A closer focus is on active and passive emissions of cars with combustion and electric engines. Emission sources, their reduction options and measurement methods for their determination in the production of WLTP and NEDC cars are discussed. Non-exhaust emissions are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a measuring device based on the Arduino microcontroller is designed. This device is then used to measure solid particles from tires and brakes when operating vehicles with internal combustion engines and electric motors.
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Legal protection of the ozone layer
Žujová, Magdaléna ; Humlíčková, Petra (advisor) ; Snopková, Tereza (referee)
107 Summary The Ozone layer of the Earth located in the stratosphere in an altitude of 20 to 50 kilometres is the important part of the gases surrounding the planet Earth. Its purpose is to absorb UV radiation that otherwise very negatively affects life on the Earth. During the twentieth century, this ability was weakened by the emission of substances proven much later to be very dangerous in this way. Until 1987, by various chemical reactions, in particular of chlorine atoms, the ozone hole has been formed over the South Pole of the Earth, not fully healed yet. In 1985, risk to human life led using the precautionary principle to the adoption of the Vienna Convention and subsequently of its implementing protocol including specific obligations especially the control measures of the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances and of the trade with them in 1987. The protocol was later modified by amendments and adjustments. This diploma thesis describes these acts with respect to their evolution and actual state of knowledge. At European level, it shows the evolution of the European environmental law in focus on the protection of the ozone layer and on the process of incorporation of international instruments in this area of environmental law. It describes these European acts and compares the...
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Economic aspects of environmental use of building materials based on secondary raw materials.
Ťažký, Tomáš ; Durica,, Tibor (referee) ; Sedlmajer, Martin (referee) ; Nosek,, Karel (referee) ; Kulísek, Karel (advisor)
The disses thesis is focused on usage of secondary raw materials from the electric power industry, specifically fly ash as a component for the building industry, concentrated on concrete. Two main streams are covered, environmental and economical. Reasons, which led to focus on the selected subject are coming mainly from the scarcity and availability of high-quality mineral resources, environmental pressure for usage of industry byproduct, reducing emissions and economical pressure to reduce production cost, especially raw materials. The main purpose of the work was to verify the possibility of increasing the usability of fly ash as a mineral additive in the technology of concrete production with materials retrieved from coal fired power plants and applying mechanical activation of fly ash. The main goal of the experimental part of work was to demonstrate improvement of fresh and hardened concrete properties as a main condition to support economic efficiency of mechanical activated fly ash. Base on previous facts the methodology was covering two main areas, the experimental and the assessment. Relatively large sets of tests were performed, using a wide range of tested high temperature fly ash and fluidized bed combustion fly ash granulometrically treated, by mixing and grinding. Results of the testing confirmed focused parameters for concrete and mortar mechanical properties, total economical efficiency of the targeted solution and the subject of the dissertation. In the experiment section has been retrieved valuable findings contributing to the overall knowledge of the faculty, also for the practical application. The results of the tests confirmed the achievement of the planned target parameters, both in terms of physical and mechanical properties of experienced mortars and concretes, as well as the overall economic efficiency of the proposed design and the topic of the disses thesis. Within the experimental work, valuable professional knowledge and benefits w
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Aspects impact trends in the operation technology of civil aviation aircraft
Korytář, Jan ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Chlebek, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of the work is a general description of the effects on air traffic and aircraft. The first part of the work is devoted to a brief description of the development of individual technical parameters and performance of aircraft from the 1920s to the present with an assessment of the effects. The second part of the work is about the influence of current requirements and the third part is a general view of the future development of construction and technology for more economical and environmentally friendly air transport
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Engineering solutions for mitigation of climate change - methods applicable at the source of greenhouse gases
Remeková, Valentína ; Jedelský, Jan (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
This work aimed to produce a research study on the topic of engineering solutions designed to mitigate climate change and which are applicable at the source of greenhouse gases. The first part outlines the fundamental matters of climate change. The second part focuses on technologies CCS (Carbon capture and storage) which capture and sequester carbon dioxide and possible options for separating CO2 from flue gases. The third chapter describes technologies CCU (Carbon capture and utilization) that use captured carbon as a product for further use. The future of these technologies and other abatement methods are addressed in the following section. The financial aspects of solutions for climate change mitigation are discussed in chapter five. The last part summarizes the main advantages, disadvantages, findings, and limitations of research.
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Aspects impact trends in the operation technology of civil aviation aircraft
Korytář, Jan ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Chlebek, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of the work is a general description of the effects on air traffic and aircraft. The first part of the work is devoted to a brief description of the development of individual technical parameters and performance of aircraft from the 1920s to the present with an assessment of the effects. The second part of the work is about the influence of current requirements and the third part is a general view of the future development of construction and technology for more economical and environmentally friendly air transport
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