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Problems in prevention of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in geriatrics
Prokopová, Michaela ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Ivana (referee)
Vitamin D and calcium are essential for the health of the elderly population. Due to the changes that occur in the body during aging, it is necessary to monitor the intake of these micronutrients and, if necessary, to supplement or substitute them appropriately. This thesis focuses on prevention of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in old age. The theoretical part explains the function of vitamin D and calcium in the human body, their metabolism, sources and problems of deficiency or excess. There is information about diseases related to the deficiency, especially osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The practical part has two sections. The first analyses the data from the SPRINTT trial. Data related to vitamin D, calcium, their supplementation and sarcopenia, as a disease associated with vitamin D deficiency, were used. The second section analyzes the data from a questionnaire survey in nursing homes, which obtained information about the health of seniors, the frequency of consumption of selected foods and vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Using data from the SPRINTT, it was found that 55 % of men and 40 % of women had the values of sarcopenia. 11 % of the participants had vitamin D deficiency. The data from the questionnaire found that only 51 % of respondents over the age of 70 supplemented with...
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Quality of life of elderly people living in a retirement home
Šimánková, Simona ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kutnohorská, Jana (referee)
Name and surname of the author: Simona Šimánková Institution: Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of non- medical studies Title: Quality of Life of elderly people living in a retirent home Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, Csc Number of pages: 105 Number of of attachments: 7 Year of defense: 2020/2021 Keywords: Quality of life, gerontology, geriatrics, senior, old age, aging, health, illness, social care, nursing homes The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of quality of life in a home for the elderly. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part we discuss the concept of quality of life in a general context and quality of life focused on the quality of life of seniors. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the issues of old age, aging, geriatrics and gerontology, the needs of seniors, describes the changes that the elderly population is facing. The work also notes the various social care options for seniors, treatments for the elderly and health problems faced by older seniors. The empirical part is focused on determining the quality of life of seniors in the home for the elderly Oasis in Nové Město nad Metují. The research is conceived in the form of a mixed approach. In the quantitative part, an...
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Process and rate of disability among seniors
Malá, Marcela ; Tomeš, Igor (advisor) ; Šťastná, Jaroslava (referee)
The most characteristic feature of the demographic development in the Czech Republic and other developed countries is population ageing. The aim of the thesis "The process and rate of disability among seniors" was to determine the extent to which disability interferes with the lives of the seniors and to map the development, progress and conditions of the pension system. After an introductory overview of basic concepts, a part of the thesis deals with a theoretical analysis of the European framework of social security of seniors and another part is concerned with the reform of disability pensions in the Czech Republic. The focus is also on the forms of care for disabled pensioners. The last chapter of a theoretical part deals with deinstitutionalization. The empirical part analyzes the areas related to the development of population structure, administrative agenda, overview of pensions according to the WHO diagnosis groups, total overview of disability pensions, the development of the structure of pensions, financing of pension administration, and the average age of retired people. The economic side is also included, where pensions are compared with average salary and also the economic activity of seniors, housing, health and social services. The research is quantitative and confirms the current global...
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Interchangeable natural age for illnesses associated with hospitalization in the ward of subsequent care.
HEJNOVÁ, Pavlína
Bachelor work with title "The alteration from old age to illness in connection with hospitalization at the Deparment of subsequently care" is theoretical work, it is based on problems with the naturalness of old age often confused with illness and especially in medical facility. It is trying to explain and describe as much as information as possible about problems that consumes the quality of elders life predominantly on department of subsequently care. It describes the most common risks of pharmacotherapy in old age along with palliative medicine on geriatric weak patients in current time, specifics of nursing care and tasks of a nurse. The purpose of this work is to try and point out problems in current medical system, where we often confuse natural old age with illness and to show how big risks it brings to the aging population. The self-fulfillment and the value quality of elders life is vanishing. Current reality requires unconditional changes in access of all professional society and it is subconsciousness as a major phenomenon of human life. The effort of this work is to define and name all the risky factors, which is influencing the formation of this issue, confusing old age with sickness. In the most common causes, of deterioration health and hospitalization with geriatric patients, belongs medication that brings undesirable effects and incorrent prescription. So another case of this work is to point out on the meaing of correct diagnosis and following pharmacotherapy on elders, providing global medical care, which is important part in care for geriatric patient. Bachelor work will be used for workshop on Department of subsequently care.
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Old age as a final stage of human life
HORVÁTHOVÁ, Jaroslava
This diploma thesis is theoretical and is dedicated to old age and ageing. The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize existing knowledge of old age and to view this final stage of human life from different perspectives and in various context. It is based on periodization of human life. It deals with the process of ageing and its progress, it lists definitions and theories on ageing and also discusses possible premises of longevity. It attempts to define old age and lists myths and prejudices associated with old age. It describes old age from different perspectives of multiple science fields, such as philosophy, biology, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, demography, sociology and social work. It depicts science fields concerned with old age and points out selected aspects of life that can influence elderly person, such as financial situation, housing situation, education, leisure activies, interpersonal relations. It also mentions possible crisis situations during old age, violence against elderly people and system of care of elderly people in the Czech republic. It explains the importance of adaptation during old age and outlines possible image of end of life. At the end of the thesis a set of recommendations for happy old age is included.
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Curiosities in access radiological assistants to examination senior
KÁPLOVÁ, Kateřina
In the Czech Republic there is increasing the number of seniors so it can be assumed that in the future this will also increase the amount of radio diagnostic examination of seniors. By the time, when a person becomes the senior, he or she suffers from various ailments and quite often seeks professional help. An old person is very sensitive to dealing with him or her and because of that the aim of my thesis was to define how should the radiologist asistant behave to senior citizens. Today's population of people is facilitated and modern. But we must realize that those who are slower are living with us and for them it is harder to coordinate their movements and slow thinking. The theoretical work is concerned with the concepts of age and aging. An old man goes through various changes in old age. Seniors psychological, physical and emotional aspects are changing. It is important for the senior to overcome these changes and adapt for them. These changes are the main concern of gerontology. It is the science of aging, overall social relations in society to seniors and of course with a man of an advanced age as an individual with his individual needs and problems. Also this field deals mainly with the peculiarities of diseases in old age. Another issue is the most common diseases that affect seniors. A furthermore it deals with the communication and behaviour towards the elderly. In the practical part, I wanted to find out whether the communication between a senior and a clinician is at a good level, then whether they are informed by their doctor on what tests are going to and if not so, at least if the technician tells them what part of a body is he or she going to shoot. The result implies that 60% of seniors think they have a good experience with access to a radiology assistant, but not to good with the transmission of information. About 58% of seniors not get information from the sending physician and the technician not. There needs to be a change of both the doctor and the assistant
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Phases of social work with clients with Alzheimer's dinase
Šuláková, Dagmar ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
In this thesis, "Stages of social work with clients with Alzheimer's disease", I focused on the analysis of the most effective stages of social work. I found out that most respondents prefer a domestic informal care, corresponding to the stages of provided social work and unconditional acceptance of the patient. The sick person requires a sensitive holistic approach, accepting his individuality and ensuring dignity in all stages of the disease. The thesis was structured on the theoretical part, based on the findings of scientific literature dealing with the symptomatology and processes of Alzheimer's disease, characterized by basic treatment and care approaches. The theoretical part is followed by an own joint investigation, divided in a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The qualitative approach is based on a detailed case study which uses the methods of observation and interviews. Anonymous questionnaires were used for the quantitative method. The obtained data were summarized and analyzed. Due to the lack of data I concluded that the considered results can be obtained as irrelevant.
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Activation of the patients with immobilization syndrome
Kučerová, Ivana ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
Immobilization syndrome or syndrome of inactivity is a secondary disorder of the body. Causes of immobilization syndrome may be severe pain, nervous, skeletal and muscular system, generalized weakness, psychosocial problems, infectious processes and age. Immobilization syndrome affects not only the musculoskeletal system, but also the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, skin, nervous system and overall metabolism. Thesis on "Activation patients with immobilization syndrome" is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the problem of immobilization syndrome and is focused primarily on patient activation. The theoretical part also mentions education of nurses in this field. The practical part deals with analyzing and evaluating the results of quantitative research obtained on the basis of a questionnaire survey among general nurses from the department of geriatrics, follow-up care and hospice. Responders, who I have chosen, come from both state departments of health facilities and the private sector. The main aim of the thesis was to find out what is used in long-term care, for subsequent care departments and the Department of Geriatrics methods of activation in patients with immobilization syndrome. Individual objectives were to find out what...
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Evaluation of the rationality of analgetic treatment in geriatric patients (I.)
Sirka, Pavol ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
: INTRODUCTION : Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that predominantly affects geriatric population. However, geriatric patients are not often treated according to specific geriatric recommendations. OA also belongs to highly prevalent disorders managed mostly by symptomatic, analgetic drug treatment. The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate to which extend are clinical guidelines for management of OA focused (generallly and in areas of individual pharmacotherapeutic strategies) on specific aspects of rational geriatric pharmacotherapy. Diploma thesis was completed as a recherche thesis (part I.) for follow-up studies dealing with rationality of analgetic drug treatment in older patients (rigorous thesis of M. Miklasová MS, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, 2016). METHOD : 4 national and 3 international clinical guidelines for management of osteoarthritis in accessible languages, published between 2005 and 2014 years, were identified by literature search conducted between 9/2015- 3/2017. Following guidelines were included : czech (2012), german (2009), australian (2009), american (2012) and recommendations of international societies OARSI (2008-2010), EULAR (2005, 2007) and NICE (2014).This diploma...
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