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Comparison of selected nutritional parameters of lesser known small fruit
Kaniová, Lenka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
The work deals with the chemical analysis of fruits and juices selected varieties of mulberry (Morus) and elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). In the theoretical part there are the botanical characteristics of mulberry and elderberry, including the origin, history and prevalence. This part is focused on the content of active substances in fruits with a description of certain chemicals and the use of the fruit for food purposes. Finally, this section discusses methods for the determination of water content, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and formol number. In the experimental part was do determination in up in four samples of two varieties of mulberry and in samples of fifteen varieties of elderberry. Based on these results, it is possible to deduce the nutritionally important varieties. Mulberry Trnava and elderberry Sambu I contain the most water, and therefore are suitable for the production of juices. Unripe mulberry Trnava elderberries Samyl 2, Sambu I, Sambu 3 and Sampo I are the sourest varieties and they contain the highest content of mineral and organic acids.
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Determination of selected metals in fruit squashs
Drobilová, Marcela ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the technology of fruit juices production and characteristics of the known varieties of elderberry. There are also summarized available information on the presence and properties of minerals in food. In the practical part of the thesis 17 different varieties of elderberry juice and commercially available juice sold as food supplements were analyzed using ICP-MS technique. The concentrations of 15 selected essential and toxic elements were determined in these juices.
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Analysis of selected substances contained in the extract from elderberry twigs
Škeřík, Jan ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Šalplachta, Jiří (advisor)
My diploma thesis deals with the optimization and verification of conditions for separation of proteins, which are contained in the twigs of elder (Sambucus nigra L.) using the technique RP-HPLC. The measurements were made with the use of a HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector. Column Zorbax 300SB-C18 300 4,6 x 250 mm and particles the size of 5 microns were used. The theoretical part describes the attributes and usage of elder and especially its proteins. The basic characteristic of the used HPLC technique is introduced. The possibilities of how to identify proteins are described. The practical part demonstrates the individual steps of optimization of the HPLC method applied to the mixture of standard proteins. The application of this method in the real sample is also reported. The final part of the diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of analysed samples taken in different seasons.
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Comparison of content anthocyanin pigments in selected cultivars of black elderberry and grape
Becková, Eliška ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
The purpose of this thesis is to compare the contents anthocyans in different varieties of European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). It was also studied the relationship between the content anthocyans in selected samples of blue grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) and position of the track, where the grapes were grown. The theoretical part describes elderberries and grapes in terms of botanical, chemical, and in terms of their using in the food industry. The dominant part of this chapter is to describe anthocyans and possibilities for their determination in the elderberry and grapes. Emphasis has been placed on the pH-differential method and determination by high performance liquid chromatography. The experiments are divided into two parts. The aim of the first experimental part is comparison of the total anthocyanins content in fifteen varieties of elderberry. The performed analysis shows that in terms of anthocyanins content for cultivation of elderberry in the Czech Republic the most suitable varieties are Mammut, Samyl, Reis aus Vossloch and Haschberg. In the second part of the experiments were determined total anthocyanins content in nine varieties of blue grape grown in the Mikulov region. For determination were used HPLC and pH-differential methods, as well as in the first part. The highest content of pigments was found in varieties Alibernet and Neronet. The present study focused on the suitability of the location pointed to vineyard south to southeast orientation plantings. At the end of the experimental part is a comparison of both methods of determination. Method using high performance liquid chromatography to provide very accurate results compared to less demanding pH-differential method of determination. This is recommended only for tentative determination of anthocyanins content in real samples.
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Determination of selected chemical parameters of fruits of cultivated elderberry varieties
Hamalová, Veronika ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
In this thesis was determinated selected chemical and nutritional parameters in the wild elderberry and 17 cultivated varieties of elderberry. The fruits was provided by the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. The theoretical part deals describes elderberry, chemical composition of elderberry, especially biological active substances and its using not only food industry. Closer attention has been focused on effect of saccharides, anthocyanins and methods of their determination, specially determination by HPLC. The experimental part describes the various methods of determination of selected chemical and nutritional parameters. Total dry matter, content of total polyphenolic compounds, monomeric anthocyanin pigment and antioxidant activity was defined in all varieties of elderberry fruits. For some varieties was defined total soluble dry matter, content of organic acids and saccharides by various methods. In the end was compared the values from different methods varieties.
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Determination of cyanide content in different parts of elderberry plant
Růžičková, Kristýna ; Štursa,, Václav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Elderberry is an abundant shrub or a small tree widely spread in the northern hemisphere. Its fruit and flowers have attracted increasing interest from consumers, pharmaceutical and food industry thanks to their high content of minerals and bioactive compounds. However, elderberry also contain potentially harmful cyanogenic glycosides which can release toxic hydrogen cyanide. The aim of this experiment was to analyse and compare total cyanide content in different plant parts of numerous interspecific hybrids, which were created at University of Maribor. Investigated plants comprised 4 subspecies of Sambucus nigra and 18 interspecific hybrids giving in total 46 elderberry genotypes. Cyanide content was determined by picrate paper method which is based on reaction of picric acid with hydrogen cyanide. The colour change of the picrate paper resulting from the reaction was further analysed using spectrophotometry. The highest cyanide levels were found in leaves reaching up to 1155.9 ± 44.8 CN- mg/kg, followed by inflorescences with maximum of 53.9 ± 3.8 CN- mg/kg, shoots and berries with highest levels of 20.3 ± 1.3 CN- mg/kg and 6.4 ± 0.0 CN- mg/kg, respectively.
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Iron-chelating properties of fruit extracts of various elderberries
Gorová, Barbora ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Barbora Gorová Supervisor: Assoc Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of thesis: Iron-chelating properties of fruit extracts of various elderberries Inorganic iron is the major food source of iron in humans. It plays role in many biochemical reactions. Thus, iron metabolism disorders can lead to different diseases associated with lack of iron or iron overload. One of the possible treatment modalities of the latter represents the administration of iron chelators. Elderberry, Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae), has been used in traditional medicine. The fruits of elderberry are a rich source of cyanidin-based anthocyanins as the main component. There are important differences, both in chemical and physical properties between several cultivars of elderberry. Anthocyanins might interact with metals in the gastrointestinal tract by formation of chelates. However, data on metal interactions with anthocyanins are sparse. The main aim of this study was to perform the analysis of interaction of iron with elderberry fruit extracts as a rich and cheap source of anthocyanins with cyanidin as the aglycon. In this in vitro study ten elderberry fruit exctracts were tested for iron chelating activities...
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Flavonoids in some cultivars of Sambucus nigra L. flowers.
Krulišová, Markéta ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work was to find out the content of flavonoids in the flowers of eleven cultivars of black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) and determine if their contents differ according to the statistical significance. Preparing the list of effects and substances that are contained in the flowers was the goal as well. The drug Sambuci nigrae flos is mostly used for its content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the therapy of colds and diseases of the urinary and respiratory tract. Its benefits were confirmed also by studies testing antibacterial and antiviral activity, diabetes and obesity, effects on the immune system and also protection against UV radiance. The content of flavonoids was established by the spectrophotometric method that is listed in the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2009 in the article Sambuci nigrae flos as the method for the determination of content. The statistic evaluation of the differences in the flavonoids content between the cultivars was made by ANOVA and the Bonferroni test. The demand of Czech Pharmacopoeia 2009 on the minimal content of flavonoids is 0,80%. This requirement was fulfilled in the flowers of these cultivars: Albida, Heidegg 13, Riese auß Voßloch, Sambu, Samdal, Sampo and Samyl. On the opposite side, flowers of the cultivars Allesö, Aurea, Dana and Juicy did...
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Selected alcohol extracts of Sambucus nigra for use in cosmetology
Balonková, Daniela ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the preparation of selected alcohol extracts of elderberry and their use in cosmetology. In the theoretical part are described the botanical properties of the elderberry (Sambucus nigra). There are introduced and characterized bioactive compounds and toxic compounds contained in all vegetative parts of the plant. Attention is mostly focused on compounds with antioxidant properties. The theoretical part also contains a description of basic analytical methods, which are used in the practical part to characterize compounds contained in elder flowers. The practical part focuses on the optimization of the preparation of alcohol extracts with the aim to prepare the extract with the greatest possible content of polyphenols with respect to economy and production costs. Factors such as selection of the appropriate solvent, solvent to plant material ratio, solvent temperature, and extraction time are examined. Based on the total polyphenol concentration measured spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the most suitable solvent is 60% ethanol, the ratio of plant material to solvent is 1:8, the laboratory temperature of solvent and the extraction time of 24 hours.Under these conditions, an ethanol extract is prepared, analyzed and determined selected properties, such as refractive index and density. Rutin, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids are identified by HPLC with a DAD detector. The pH value of alcohol extract is 5.743 ± 0.006, the refractive index is 1.365 ± 0.02 at 22.7 ° C and the density is 0.9288 gcm-3. By liquid chromatography the concentration of chlorogenic acids is quantified as 0.104 gl-1, caffeic acid as 0.086 gl-1 and ferulic acid as 0.060 gl-1. The extract is incorporated into cosmetic products, that are used in balneology. Prepared products are toilet soap and bath salt.
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