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Health myths Promoted by Online Media
Jeníková, Anna ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Zezulková, Markéta (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with current media myths about health and the human body. Dissemination of myths among the general public has been facilitated by the emergence of new media that allow a multi-layered debate across social groups. Online content offers a quick source and a wide range of answers or inspiration on health and human body issues, usually without the need to indicate where the information comes from. I will focus on the discussion about detoxification of the human body in life-style online media for women. Contemporary discussions on this topic show that easy access to information has prompted a wave of so-called "self-healing" described as a situation in which people consult their health problems primarily with online content, and then, if at all, with their GP or with another expert. Although some myths have been scientifically refuted, they still have their "proponents" who can represent legitimate knowledge. The very word "myth" or "half-truth" or "superstition" is discursively specific, burdened and represents an ideology. In many health and human body issues, there are many arguments of both parties (both mainstream and alternative medicine). I will observe this extreme polarization in the diploma thesis that is neither a defense of expert votes nor "experts by...
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Lichens and (heavy) metals
Hrdinová, Aneta ; Peksa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Malíček, Jiří (referee)
My thesis is focused on liches and heavy metals. In first part includes the general characteristics of lichens, the short description of their biology, morphology and anatomy. The next part is focused on the characteristics of the methods of absorption of metals by lichens, their physiological effects on the body and the mechanisms of defense against the toxicity of metals lichens. The work includes the list of species of lichen, and their relationships to particular heavy metals. Key words: Lichens, heavy metals, metal tolerance, detoxification, copper
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Detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates
Vašíčková, Monika ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
The aim of this work was study of the detoxification of lignocellulose material hydrolysates and to investigate sawdust suitability as a substrate for microbial production of PHA by bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari. In the experimental part of the work the most suitable way of detoxification of model and real hydrolysate was studied. After that, detoxification methods used were evaluated. Criteria for evaluation were concentration of polyphenols as the most important microbial inhibitors and reduction saccharides as the main carbon substrate. Furthermore, fermentability of the hydrolysates was also tested by cultivation of two bacteria capable of PHA accumulation. Burkholderia sacchari demonstrated higher ability to accumulate PHA then Burkholderia cepacia. Then in the summary – most effective way for detoxification was ‚overliming‘. Major increase of PHB in biomass was obtained when Burkholderia sacchari was cultivated on media gained by application of overliming of real lignocellulose hydrolysate. However, total gains of PHB were more likely low and then sawdust can not be considered as a substrate for PHB production at industrial scale.
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How do plants manage to survive on toxic spoil-mining sites? Physiological and structural properties of plants on substrates with high As and Hg contents
Kovářová, Monika ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
The heavy metals contamination of environment represents a worldwide problem lately. Heavy metals cause harmful effects not only to plants, but also to other organisms. Throught their acumulation in plant biomass, heavy metals enter a food chain and could negatively influence the human health. The impact of heavy metals on plants and their defence mechanisms against toxicity of heavy metals have been in focus of plant physiology and ecology research for decades. Importance of this topic arises from plant role in environment, ecosystem services and in human nutrition. Investigation in proces and mechanisms of heavy metal hyperacumulation in plants offer progress in fytoremediation and genetic engineering. The experiments on agricultural crops show how heavy metals enter the food chain and how they affect the crop yield. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about heavy metals' effects on plants. The thesis is focused on arsenic and mercury, because the Czech Republic have also problem with heavy metals contamination and these two metals occur in high concentration in the spoil banks and soils adjacent to the lignite mining areas of Sokolovsko. The spoil banks with heavy metal content have to be revegatated, thus, the topic of their effect on plants is of high importance. In the first part of the...
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Mechanism of uptake of heavy metals and organic compounds by plants
Berkyová, Petra ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Heavy metals and organic compounds represent a great problem for environment. Therefore, attention is paid to the development of techniques for removing these pollutants from the sites of pollution. One of the possibilities is that heavy metals and organic compounds are removed from soil by using fytoremediation. Fytoremediation uses the ability of some plant species to uptake toxic compounds from soil and accumulate these compounds in its tissues. These plants are able to tolerate higher amounts of toxic compounds than it's usual because of the broad range of detoxification mechanisms, which are taking place in these plants. After the root uptake, heavy metals may be chelated by phytochelatins, metallothioneins or other chelators and subsequently stored in vacuoles. Transport of metal ions and metal complexes between cells compartments is mediated by many specific transport proteins. Detoxification mechanisms of organic compounds involve transfomation, conjugation and store of these compounds in plant tissues.
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Psychological aspects of gambling and realted consequenses
HŮDOVÁ, Veronika
Psychological aspects of gambling and the consequences associated with this problem My thesis deals with psychological aspects of gambling and the consequences associated with this problem. The research was focused on regular casino visitors, but partly also to gamblers who have already decided to treat their addiction. The theoretical part is divided into 8 subchapters, in which basic terms concerning gambling are mentioned, for example: definitions and categorization of the terms gambling and pathological gambling, a list of possible causes of the addiction origination, characteristics of risk groups, individual forms of gambling, the development of addiction, the addiction treatment and the possibility of a social worker intervention. The purpose of my study was to identify and analyze the motives for gambling with regard to the quality of life, with a special attention to social aspects and possibilities of a social worker intervention. In relation to the objective of the thesis four hypotheses were stated, for verification of which quantitative research was used. The interviewing method by means of a structured questionnaire was selected. The analysis of the conclusions enabled to verify the defined hypothesis, which says, that playing of hazardous games has a negative effect to level of psychological mood of the human being. Another stated hypothesis supposing that gambling causes economic, social, family and work problems has not been confirmed by the research. The following hypothesis presuming that a random winning encourages the gamblers to continue playing has been confirmed by a vast majority of respondents. And the last hypothesis, in which is defined the presumption, that the level of life quality is related to grade of pathological gambling, was also confirmed. The results of my work may be used in education or as information for social workers. Based on the findings on the issue of pathological gambling I suggest to focus on prevention of development of this dangerous addiction.
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Marihuana and the Contemporary Life-style of Children and Teenagers
KOBRLOVÁ, Kateřina
The work follows adolescents and their relation to marihuana. In the theoretic part, marihuana is not considered just as a drug. Other ways of using it are mentioned there, for example, it can be used as an alternative renewable raw material for industry and economy. The research part is focused on concrete dates gaining about adolescents with an experience in smoking marihuana and confirming the truth of research tasks made according to the theoretic part. The work is generally aimed to prove that it is possible to look at marihuana in more different ways and get over more complex information about the phenomenon to todays adolescents.
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Herbal-therapy - Herbal and their use to detoxication organism
HOMMER, Roman
This bachelor´s thesis has for object to introduce general public to the posibility of human organism detoxication by the help of tea mixture made for medicinal herbs. In the theoretical part I have described the history of the medicinal herbs use in disease causes removing. The following parts deal with the content substances of the medicinal herbs having detoxifying effects on human body and body´s organs having very notable importace in detoxication. The practical part is concepted like educational material to help readers with right collection and treatment of the medicinal herbs and consequently with some tea blends composition suitable for detoxication of our body´s organs. In the enclosure on the CD there are photos of the medicinal herbs used in mixtures with their description, occurrence and active substances.
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Alcohol Detoxitication Center for Children and Youths its Function and Significance in the Network of Institutions which Provide Treatment
DUKOVÁ, Ivana
The objective of this thesis was the description of the work of the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague, its importance in the treatment drug addiction among children and adolescents. Another objective was to find out about the interrelationship of the work of regional coordinators for the prevention of risk behaviour and forms of follow-up therapy according to individual needs and nature of Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague. The research conducted in the period from January to March 2010. Mapping the variants of follow-up therapy of the clients using habit-forming drugs in different regions of the Czech Republic and the forms of prevention are other objectives. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the description of the establishment of the Hospital of Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo, in the premises of which the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre (CaADC) in Prague is located, as well as the description of the CaADC, and its medical and other personnel. The thesis describes the process of hospitalization, tests which preceded it and the necessary procedures to ensure successful completion of the hospitalization. Part of the theoretical block is dedicated to the care provided by a social worker, psychologist and therapists. Related legislation that forms the basis of prevention methods of individual regional drug coordinators and the centre itself is an integral part of the work. Prevention is a critical form of struggle against the abuse of psychotropic substances by children and adolescents. It is described in detail here, as well as the factors involved in the development of addiction. Other related terms only complement the mosaic of the studied issue. Within quantitative research, a content analysis of the data from the statistics of the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague was used to verify set hypotheses. The responses of regional drug coordinators to a set of open and semi-open questions, which were formulated for this purpose, were also used. Another source was the results of standardized interviews with three doctors at the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague. Hypotheses 1, 3 and 5 have not been confirmed. On the contrary, hypotheses 2 and 4 have been confirmed. The set objectives have been met. Unfortunately, our country still lacks a sufficient number of facilities that provide follow-up care of child drug addicts, as is clear from the research.
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Comparison of Opinions of University Students of Medical and Economic Specializations of the Issue of Addiction
KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Ilona
The thesis deals with the issue of addiction. The objective of the paper is to compare opinions and experience of university students of medical and economic specializations regarding narcotics and psychotropic substances. The issue of addictions is a frequently discussed and up-to-date subject that has big impact not only on health service and economics. The Annual Report of the Public Health Authority of the capital city of Prague in 2009 provides information about frequency of drug use among population. The first place belongs to methamphetamine (pervitin) which is mostly used by clients of K - centres and also by clients demanding treatment for the first time. The second place belongs to cannabis. The third place belongs to clients using opiates and demand treatment for the first time. (56) The theoretical part focuses on the issue of drug, alcohol and cigarettes addictions. The history and the development of every single type of addiction are mentioned here together with present knowledge and information. In the practical part of the thesis the method of quantitative research was applied. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and students of the University of Economics were a quota for the selection. The objective of the research was to map and compare opinions of students of above mentioned specializations of the issue of addiction and also to find out what is the personal experience of these students with narcotics. The research shows that the first personal experience of students of medical specializations with narcotics and psychotropic substances is similar to experience of students of economic specialization. Over 60 % of respondents answered that they have already had experience with a narcotic and psychotropic substance. There is also the similarity of age. Both groups most frequently mentioned the age of 16 as the age of the first experience with narcotic and psychotropic substances. Marijuana was the drug that was most frequently mentioned and used by students. 97 % of the students of the third Faculty of Medicine and 100 % of the students of the University of Economics answered no to the question whether they use narcotics or psychotropic substances regularly. They have had experimental experience with narcotics or psychotropic substances, however are not regular consumers. The students of the University of Economics show bigger tolerance to the use of psychotropic substances than the students of the Faculty of Medicine, these students mostly condemn such an activity. The students of the Faculty of Economics distinguish soft and hard drugs more than the students of the Faculty of Medicine, these students mostly answered that all drugs are dangerous. One of the questions focused on a total ban of smoking in restaurants and on the attitude of the students to the ban. 78 % of all students think it is a good thing. They mind passive smoking above all. Respondents from both universities agreed that they would not establish a partnership with an addict. Most students would even not tolerate a partnership with a person who was once an addict and now abstains since they are afraid that he/she could return to the addiction. The hard drug addiction is found by the students the most serious. On the other hand, marijuana addiction is extremely underestimated.
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