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Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
Svoboda, Michaela ; Chládková, Kateřina ; Kocjančič Antolík, T. ; Paillereau, Nikola ; Slížková, P.
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4- to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall.
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Relationship between perceptual and structural variation of human faces: cross-cultural comparison
Pavlovič, Ondřej ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee) ; Marcinkowska, Urszula (referee)
ONDŘEJ PAVLOVIČ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL VARIATION OF HUMAN FACES: CROSS- CULTURAL COMPARISON ABSTRAKT The perception of facial features is a fundamental aspect of human culture, influencing daily interactions and relationships. This thesis explores the cross-cultural dynamics of facial perception. First, the theoretical introduction establishes the centrality of facial perception across cultures. Empirical studies included in this thesis elucidate the convergence and divergence of attractiveness standards among cultures. Additionally, this thesis explores the interplay between facial shape dimorphism, color dimorphism, and typicality across a wide variety of populations. The context of Vietnamese immigrants in the Czech Republic offers a unique lens to study the impact of the sociocultural environment on facial perception and preferences. By analyzing attractiveness assessments provided by Czech Europeans, Czech Vietnamese, and Asian Vietnamese raters for Czech and Vietnamese faces, the studies included in this thesis further elucidate the convergence and divergence of attractiveness standards across these groups. The results of these studies underscore the role of facial averageness as a universally significant trait in attractiveness judgments. Studies added to the appendix explore...
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Czech culture in eyes of foreign students studying Czech universities (university ambient in Prague)
Votavová, Radka ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the Czech culture from the view of foreign students of Czech universities and was elaborated on the basis of a field research and studying of accesible literature. The whole text is structured into six main chapters. The introduction contains the subject and structure of the thesis. The second chapter gives attention to the used literature and respondents. The third chapter describes the methodology of my work, foremost the field research, which came through in the form of questionnaire enquiry and set of interviews with foreign students. In the theoretical part there are introduced some important conceptions and also the description of life paths and possibilities of foreign students. The empirical part processes results of the completed field research. The conclusion summarizes remarkable achievements of the thesis.
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The Interpretation Process betwen Czech and Portuguese Language: an Approach Towards Selected Linguistic Problems
Hrušovská, Petra ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hricsina, Jan (referee)
The present thesis, The Interpretation Process between Czech and Portuguese Language: an Approach Towards Selected Linguistic Problems, analyses the two languages belonging to different language families from the interpreter's point of view. The Introduction gives rea- sons for choosing the topic and outlines the general structure of the thesis. Chapter 1 (Lan- guages and Interpreting) delineates theoretical issues pertinent to language typology accord- ing to Skalička, comparing the structures of Czech and Portuguese, and outlines a basic intro- duction to interpreting. The principal subject is defined as selected linguistic problems that intepreters have to deal with when working with Czech and Portuguese. Chapter 2 (Transla- tion Procedures) focuses on methods and procedures of translation, in particular those pro- posed by Vinay and Darbelnet. Chapter 3 (Morphology and Syntax) gives a contrastive analy- sis with sample translations of substantives, adjectives, pronouns and articles in both lan- guages. The last chapter (lexicology) describes some phenomena related to lexical questions (interferences, synonymy and phraseology). The thesis is concluded by stressing the role of context in interpreting, leading eventually to some limitations for the analysis. Key words: Czech, Portuguese, Typology...
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Getting Back to 'Europe': An Analysis of a Possible Self-Perceived Inadequacy of Czechs Towards the West
Ertin, Sinan ; Německý, Marek (advisor) ; Gulenko, Petr (referee)
This thesis explores the concurrent role of Western hegemony alongside the lasting effects of communism in the challenges faced by post-socialist countries, with a specific focus on the Czech Republic. While communism is commonly seen as the primary cause, we argue that cultural ideas associated with Western hegemony predate communism and have deeply influenced Europe's identity. The thesis is divided into sections that examine the concept of progress throughout history and its relevance to Western European identity, followed by an exploration of hegemony through examples from post-socialist nations, including the Czech Republic. The thesis concludes by addressing potential criticisms and providing an exercise that applies the concepts of hegemony and progress to contemporary Czech society. This analysis aims to present an alternative perspective that acknowledges the simultaneous effects of both communism and Western hegemony in shaping the challenges faced by post-socialist countries during their transition.
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Phraseologisms in fairy tales of brothers Grimm and their reproduction in Czech translation
VODIČKOVÁ, Alžběta
The thesis deals with phraseologisms in The Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales and their reproduction in Czech translation. The basic concepts of phraseology are described in the theoretical part. Furthermore, there is described the meaning of phraseological units in language and there are explained their individual attributes. Then, basic concepts of contrastive phraseology are defined and phraseological and non-phraseological types of equivalence are determined. The corpus of phraseologisms from twelve selected Grimm´s Fairy Tales (Tangled, The Town Musicians of Bremen, Mother Holle, Little Red Cap, Puss in Boots, The Six Servants, Cinderella, Snow White, Briar Rose, The Frog King or Iron Heinrich, Rumpelstiltskin, The golden Goose) is gathered in the practical part. To these German phraseologisms there are assigned their Czech phraseological and non-phraseological equivalents. The acquired paired units represent the described types of equivalence. These types of equivalence are analysed on demonstrative examples. The thesis is also interested in Czech translation of German phraseologisms and it comprises the quantitative results.
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Reception of Czech games in local and foreign media
Dovole, David ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Švelch, Jan (referee)
Recently, both skilled individuals and large game studios can devote themselves to the development and creation of digital games. In the last decade, the gaming industry has established itself as the most profitable branch of the entertainment industry. Its annual turnover reached 180 billion USD, while the film industry generates annually 100 billion USD less. However, achieving success with your project on a global scale is not an easy challenge in this very competitive environment. Nevertheless, a relatively large number of projects have succeeded in the Czech Republic, regardless of how small a country we are. Five of them, each representing a different game genre, form the basis of the research corpus of this work, the purpose of which is to observe firstly whether the geographical origin of the game is a factor to which foreign game journalists attach a certain importance, and secondly to try to find common characteristics of the observed games, that led to their worldwide success, and to analyze whether it is possible to trace the influence of our shared socio-cultural environment in them. The analysis shows that although the Czech origin of the monitored games does not play a significant role for the authors of the collected texts, from the characteristics with which the games are described...
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