|
|
Postpartum expression of cardiovascular disease-associated microRNAs - comparison of expression levels between plasma, plasma exosomes and whole peripheral venous blood
Ševčíková, Adéla ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Many miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with altered gene expression. This work compares miRNA gene expression profiles among various biological sources - whole peripheral venous blood (whole PB), plasma and plasma exosomes. For all tested groups combined, the expression levels of miRNA were maximal in whole PB and lowered in plasma and plasma exosomes, and the expression levels of miRNA were higher in plasma than in plasma exosomes, except miR-126-3p, which had a higher level detected in plasma exosomes compared to plasma. This work also compares expression levels of cardiovascular miRNA between women with anamnesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and physiological gravidity 3-11 years postpartum in whole PB, plasma and plasma exosomes. In whole PB, 12 of 29 tested miRNAs were up-regulated in women with prior exposure to GDM. MiR-181a-5p was up-regulated in plasma exosomes and miR-499a-5p in plasma in women with prior exposure to GDM. The changes in whole peripheral venous blood seem to reflect the complex systemic response to the changes that occurred during the onset of GDM. Women with aberrant epigenetic profiles may...
|
|
|
Tobacco control in the CR and Canada aimed especially at socioeconomic, political and environmental aspects
Fraser, Keely ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Janout, Vladimír (referee) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
(English) Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity globally (WHO, 2018). Within the Czech Republic (CR) tobacco consumption ranks among the highest in the world, and tobacco control measures rank among the poorest globally (Joossens and Raw, 2014; American Cancer Society, 2018). Smoking related chronic diseases and the loss of active part of life are an enormous and growing burden on the Czech system. There is urgency to invest in efforts that will control and decrease the demand for tobacco products (OECD, 2017). Experiences and lessons learned in tobacco control (TC) by other countries, such as Canada, may provide valuable insight to help guide Czech decision makers in identifying policy best buys moving forward. The basic research carried out as part of this PhD project focuses specifically on a comparison of TC in Canada and the CR. It also includes: 1) a national cross-sectional survey of all organizations involved in TC to describe capacity and involvement in TC measures outlined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) (Fraser et al. 2019); 2) a prospective cohort study which describes the results of intensive smoking cessation treatment offered by Centers for Tobacco Dependent (CTD) (Králiková et al. 2014); 3) a cross sectional survey of patients...
|
|
|
The effect of spa treatment on changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese pediatric patients
Pejšová, Hana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Childhood obesity is currently considered a serious pediatric problem. The main risk of this metabolic disease lies in the shift of comorbidities associated with obesity to ever younger age categories. This is also related to the increasing overall cardiometabolic risk in these obese individuals. Early detection and treatment of childhood obesity is an essential task of pediatrics. The possibility of non-pharmacological treatment of childhood obesity is spa treatment. It consists of intensive reduction therapy, which includes nutritional, physical and educational interventions. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after monthly treatment in pediatric patients. Furthermore, to identify and specify selected potential markers of cardiometabolic risk that significantly correlate with BMI and could be useful in children and adolescents. The thesis also focused in detail on two adipocyte hormones - leptin and adiponectin, which already correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in the pediatric population. These hormones could become significant predictive parameters of metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis and other comorbidities associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, already in children. Based on our measurements we can confirm...
|
|
|
Emerging cardiovascular risk markers in diagnostics and therapy
Tůmová, Eva ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Freiberger, Tomáš (referee) ; Polák, Jan (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries with an enormous influence on individual health and significant socioeconomic impact as well. The aim of most physicians in recent decades is to seek the best possible predicative risk factor (RF) (or combination of several RF) which could help to determine the individual risk of developing CVD. This risk stratification can be used to identify the high risk patients and treatment intensification or establishment of early preventive measures. Currently, several RF of atherosclerosis and CVD are commonly used to individualize health care. However, individuals with low levels of these RF suffer of CVD, therefore the effort to find as much as possible specific RF still persists. In recent years, the inflammatory markers, crucial in the atherosclerosis development, raise great expectation In our studies, we focused on investigating the levels of inflammatory parameters in specific groups of patients (obese children and patients with metabolic syndrome) and observed the effect of weight loss following lifestyle changes. Our main concern was lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), oxidized LDL particles (ox-LDL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The results demonstrated significantly...
|
|
|
Oxidative and carbonyl stress,microinflammation and cardiovascular risk in patiens with chronic kidney disease
Peiskerová, Martina ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Racek, Jaroslav (referee)
Short summary: Background: High cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease is partly due to mineral dysbalance, microinflammation and oxidative stress. CKD patients accumulate traditional and non-traditional CV risk factors. FGF23, MMPs and PlGF belong among these non-traditional biomarkers of CV risk. FGF23 is a phosphaturic hormone and inhibitor of calcitriol synthesis. It is associated with vascular calcifications. Matrix-metalloproteinases (e.g. MMP-2, MMP-9) are proteolytic, proinflammatory enzymes, contributing to myocardial remodelation. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a proangiogenic cytokine that is associated with LV hypertrophy in animal model. Plasmatic FGF23, MMPs and PlGF are elevated in CKD. Aim: We aimed to describe dynamic changes between several novel biomarkers of CV risk (FGF23, MMP-2, MMP-9 and PlGF) in CKD stages 1-5, to describe their mutual correlations and possible association with traditional CV risk markers. We studied possible association of laboratory and echocardiographic parameters in patients with CKD stages 2-4. Methods: In a cross-sectional study we evaluated 80 patiens with CKD 1-5 and 44 healthy controls. In a prospective study we evaluated echocardiographic and laboratory parameters in 62 patients with CKD 2-4 for an average study period of 36±10...
|
|
|
Role of the FTO gene in the genetic determination of common multifactorial diseases
Dlouhá, Dana
Obesity is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2 and some cancers. Newly detected genetic risk factor for body weight is the FTO gene ("fat mass and obesity associated"). The aim of this thesis was determine 1) whether the presence of risk alleles correlate with BMI in Czech population and to determine 2) whether there is an association between variants in the FTO gene and risk of myocardial infarction/ acute coronary syndrome (MI/ ACS), 3) renal failure (ESRD), or 4) incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed polymorphisms rs17817449 (first intron) and rs17818902 (3rd intron) using by PCR-RFLP and then also RT PCR. We found an association of the first intron variant (but not the 3rd one) and BMI in Czech control population. We have detected an association of 1st intron SNP and BMI changes during the intervention study in obese children, but not in obese females. We found a correlation between the risk allele and increased risk of ACS (OR 1.49) in patients with MI. In patients with ESRD was detected association between the risk allele and the risk of disease (OR 1.37). We didn't confirmed the association between rs17817449 and the development of CRC. Representative selected groups of the Czech populations "MONICA" and "HAPPIE" were used as controls. One...
|
|
|
The influence of lifestyle on components of metabolic syndrome
Křesáková, Nikola ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism disorders (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus). This syndrome affects about a quarter of the total population and raises the risk for developing especially cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it also affects other health areas, so this problem is very serious. This work consists of two parts. Part one, theoretical, describes metabolic syndrome, i.e. its precise diagnostic criteria, causes, main risks, prevention and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, which may be invasive (bariatric surgery), but mainly consists in lifestyle changes. Part two of the thesis, practical, presents a research in the form of a questionnaire survey. The questions were intended for patients visiting the obesity clinic for the first time and were mainly related to the current health problems and the patients' current lifestyle. Over a half of the patients met the metabolic syndrome criteria, 2/3 of the patients had hypertension, and of all factors, hypertension was most associated with obesity. As far as lifestyle questions are concerned, a lack of exercise had a negative impact on health, when only a few patients had regular physical activity, and diet, when most...
|
|
|
Smoked meats in human nutrition
Hansová, Lucie ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Hromádka, Róbert (referee)
Smoked or processed meat is an important part of dietary pattern of czech citizens. Particulary nowadays, its consumation is rather controversial, mainly because of excessive consumation health impacts. Meat in general play an irreplaceable role in our diet. Its a unique source of whole proteins and some mineral substances such as iron. One of the most discussed negatives is, that excessive consumationnof processed meat is linked to development of certain diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer and type 2 diabetes. We have researched aspects of consumation of certain types of processed meat products specifically portion ratio, mean portion size and consumation afinity according to gender, age and BMI. Following results were found: Largest portions of smoked meats is consumated during lunch with an exception of "vídeňské párky". Men consume more smoked meats than women. Highest affinity was observed in age group till 25 years. In case of BMI - results varied according to the type of smoked meat. In case of prevention is necessary to examine the issue comprehensively and focus not just on eating habits but also on the whole patient's lifestyle.
|
|
|
Critical limb ischemia and autologous cell therapy in diabetic foot disease, pathogenesis of Charcot osteoarthopathy.
Němcová, Andrea ; Jirkovská, Alexandra (advisor) ; Polák, Jan (referee) ; Prázný, Martin (referee)
Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a serious complication of diabetes and, along with critical limb ischemia, significantly exacerbates the prognosis of patients. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes has an atypical clinical course, its diagnosis is challenging and is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of patients with DFD. The aim of this dissertation focused on the diagnosis and treatment of DFD was to identify a suitable method for evaluating the effect of autologous cell therapy (ACT), to assess options for early diagnosis of Charcot osteoarthropathy (COA) and, possibly, to establish the association between the incidence of cardiovascular disease and DFD. In our studies concerning therapeutic vasculogenesis, we observed a significant increase in the antiangiogenic factor endostatin after ACT in contrast to its unchanged levels after standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; the transient increase in endostatin seems to be a marker of therapeutic vasculogenesis after ACT. A benefit of using calf muscle perfusion scintigraphy in the assessment of microcirculation and ACT effect was not clearly demonstrated. By contrast, a promising method for the evaluation of microcirculation and the effect of revascularization after ACT was MR spectroscopy of calf...
|
|
|
Emerging cardiovascular risk markers in diagnostics and therapy
Tůmová, Eva ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Freiberger, Tomáš (referee) ; Polák, Jan (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries with an enormous influence on individual health and significant socioeconomic impact as well. The aim of most physicians in recent decades is to seek the best possible predicative risk factor (RF) (or combination of several RF) which could help to determine the individual risk of developing CVD. This risk stratification can be used to identify the high risk patients and treatment intensification or establishment of early preventive measures. Currently, several RF of atherosclerosis and CVD are commonly used to individualize health care. However, individuals with low levels of these RF suffer of CVD, therefore the effort to find as much as possible specific RF still persists. In recent years, the inflammatory markers, crucial in the atherosclerosis development, raise great expectation In our studies, we focused on investigating the levels of inflammatory parameters in specific groups of patients (obese children and patients with metabolic syndrome) and observed the effect of weight loss following lifestyle changes. Our main concern was lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), oxidized LDL particles (ox-LDL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The results demonstrated significantly...
|
guest ::
