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Structural changes in model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat
Slotta, Michal ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Riljak, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Structural changes in model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat Objectives: The aim of the research is to develop a model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a rat that would represent perinatal injury in a human and then histologically differentiate the most commonly damaged cerebral structures. Methods: This is an experimental study. Five laboratory rats underwent hypoxic-ischemic conditions causing encephalopathy according to the Rice-Vannucci model. The control group representing the other five rats underwent hypoxia for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, the animals were returned to their mother. 48 hours later, cerebral perfusion, paraffinisation, slicing the brain into sections and followed by applying these sections onto slides. Sections to represent morphological changes and degeneration of neurons were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Fluoro Jade B and immunohistochemically. The sections were then observed and evaluated under a light microscope. Results: Following the onset of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 7-day-old rat pups, damage to the investigated structures was observed in two animals. Other animals in the experimental group exhibited only minor morphological changes in neurons observable in H&E staining. Brains of the control group were intact. Keywords: necrosis,...
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Koordinovaná rehabilitace z pohledu pacienta po poškození mozku a členů multidisciplinárního týmu
MATĚJKOVÁ, Andrea
Abstract This diploma thesis aims to describe coordinated health rehabilitation of people after severe brain injury provided by multidisciplinary team within home environment. It comprises both theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part presents the history and development of coordinated rehabilitation services and the function of multidisciplinary team. Furthermore, it characterizes a brain injury in more details. The practical part was carried out by means of qualitative research strategy semi structured interview. The first part of the research was aimed at the interviews with clients after brain injury and cerebrovascular accident. The interviews started after three months from entering the project and were realized by social workers. Its main propose was to evaluate the care of multidisciplinary team. Clients were questioned about work, time, communication and co-operation of individual experts involved in the process of recovering. The second part of the research used a method called focus group, where 12 members of the team were involved. The goal of the research was to describe how the multidisciplinary team works from both the point of view of a patient after the brain injury and the members of the multidisciplinary team within the project GAJU. The GAJU project is entitled "Coordinated rehabilitation of patients with brain injury (reg. number GAJU 138/2016/S)". The selection of patients was based on the communicative skills criteria e.g. skills to participate in the directed conversation based on the FIM and WHODAS and the follow-up questions concerning social issues, physiotherapeutic and ergo therapeutic methods and techniques. To achieve the aim of the diploma thesis two research questions were defined: "How is the function of multidisciplinary team perceived by clients involved in GAJU project?" and "How is the function perceived by the members of multidisciplinary team involved in GAJU project who put the coordinated rehabilitation into practice?" It was found out that after the discharge from a hospital being with family members was the most important. Besides, multidisciplinary team who regularly commuted to clients helped them. The members of the team were physiotherapists, ergo therapists, social workers and doctors. In view of the fact that physiotherapist attended the client the most frequently, the function of this expert is perceived as crucial during recovery. No less important is ergo therapist who is useful concerning motor activity and presenting various tools and aids leading to improvement. Social worker is apprehended rather as a psychological or informative support. Positively valued is attending clients at home, interconnection of the team members and the progress of the client from all points of view. On the other hand the lack of working experience of some team members is pointed out. Additionally, some clients were not satisfied that the data were collected by means of questionnaires.
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Positive and negative aspects of social work with patients after brain damage in terms of social worker
MANDÁTOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis is focused on the social work with people after brain damage and is part of the GAJU project called "Coordinated Rehabilitation of Patients after Brain Damage (Reg. No. GAJU 138/2016 / S)". Collaboration with social workers from the region of České Budějovice was part of this thesis. Their work also consists of working with people after brain damage. The purpose of the collaboration was to map out follow-up services after hospitalization of people after brain damage. Information about these organizations has been shared with the patients who were included in the GAJU project. The complex results of the project will be elaborated within the publishing activities. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first - the theoretical part - is focused on the basic description of brain damage, there is more about the cerebral stroke, the coordinated rehabilitation team, the role of the social worker. There is also described the burden that the social worker as a person in the helping profession may face and burnout syndrome as a possible consequence of this burden. In the research part, the main objective was to find out what positives and negatives the social workers perceive in working with people after brain damage. This objective was completed through interviews with the social workers situated in České Budějovice. We can fully understand the extend of the social workers' work with people after brain damage thanks to the interviews. In connection with the goal, research questions have been identified: What are the positive and negative aspects of social work related to work with patient after brain damage according to the subjective opinion of a social worker? Another one: What influences the perception of positives and negatives which the social workers experience during their work? A qualitative research strategy was used, a technique of interviewing with use of instructions was chosen for the interviews with fourteen social workers of the organizations, whose target group also includes people after brain damage. Data was processed in Atlas.ti 7. The administration which is more and more demanding due to the legislation. That results in less time with client and more time with paperwork. Finance which is related to the funding of services, lack of resources for employee remuneration and the financial difficulty for clients. Lack of qualified staff, time consuming activities that are closely tied to the extensive administration and the fact that social workers often work beyond their job responsibilities and competencies. Non-cooperation of a client's family or lack of interest of family on the client, there is also the legislation, which is often in contradiction with practice according to interviews. The social workers have to follow the actual amendments of the law and that is time-consuming and exhausting, absence of follow-up organizations for patients after brain damage, lack of competencies/authority/information of social workers, insufficient motivation, lack of financial remuneration or lack of benefits for employees, conflicts with authorities, barriers that may occur during work of a social worker or insufficient resources. The analysis also reveals that social workers subjectively perceive these positives during their work with patients after brain damage: client satisfaction, helping people, the good feeling after job well done, positive feedback, fulfilling job, positive in relation to the work environment. The results of the thesis show that the positive aspects dominates over the negative ones. Work in a multidisciplinary team has been perceived positively amongst the social workers and beneficial for the clients and for the team. This work will serve as a sub-part for the elaboration of complex outcomes of coordinated rehabilitation of patients after brain damage from the GAJU project. Research results will become part of the publication outputs from the above-mentioned project.
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Family Needs of Patients after Cerebral Impairment
BÁRTOVÁ, Marie
The thesis is a part of the project called Coordinated rehabilitation of the patients with the brain injury (reg. n. GAJU 138/20146/S). The objective of this work is to find out what needs the families of patients with the brain injury have. This thesis has a theoretical and a practical part. According to research set consisting of 14 caregivers of patients after cerebrovascular accident and only one that cares about a patient after cranial trauma, the theoretical part describes a CMP characteristic, coordinated rehabilitation, the basic terms about family and the chosen concepts of needs. Based on the objective of the thesis, the research question was stated: What are the needs of family members who care about the patients with the brain injury in the home environment? The research was made by the qualitative strategy and the semi-structured interviews with the family members in South Bohemia region who cares about the people with the brain injury in the home environment. It was important that people with the brain injury have already been joined to the project. The interviews were done in the application called Atlas.ti. According to the analysis of the collected data, there are 9 main needs that are connected to each other. Concretely, it is a need of a care about the patient, about the house, the need of a family help, the need of professional and social services, economic security and quicker help by the social service, furthermore the need of free time, psychological well-being and being in touch with the society. The results of this thesis are a part of the complex results of the project GAJU called Coordinated rehabilitation of patients with the brain injury (ref. n. GAJU 138/20146/S). The analysis of the needs of family members was used to propose the solutions/saturation of the needs in order to influence the real life of interviewers.
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The Needs Of Patients After Brain Damage
PECHOUŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This diploma thesis is a part of the GAJU project entitled "Coordinated rehabilitation of patients with brain injury (reg. number GAJU 128/2016/S)". At the time when the thesis was elaborated, only the patients who suffered the cerebrovascular accident were engaged in the project, since in the hospital, no suitable patient after brain injury who would need a multidisciplinary team in home care had ever been sought. The selection of the patients was based on the communicative skills criteria e.g. if the skills to participate in the directed conversation based on the Functional Independence Measure Questionnaire (FIM), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the follow-up questions concerning social issues, physiotherapeutic methods and techniques were preserved. Within the framework of the project, the research has not been finished yet. Given the above mentioned reasons, this thesis is therefore mainly focused on the identification of patients' needs after the cerebrovascular accident (CVA), on the period starting from its first incidence during the first three months period after the discharge from the hospital to home care. The complex results will be presented as a part of the publication activity of the project. The thesis comprises a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part presents a comprehensive view on the care for the patients who suffered the cerebrovascular accident. I addressed both the basic characteristics of the cerebrovascular accident and the organisation of the care for the patients in the Czech Republic; furthermore, the coordinated rehabilitation team, the role of a social worker, possibilities of social help provided by the welfare system to patients and their families, and the psychical condition of the patient. In the last chapter, I outline the general concept of human needs according to A. Maslow and describe important needs of the sick people. As far as the research part is concerned, my goal is to identify the needs of patients in home care after the brain injury. In connection with the aim of the thesis, two research questions were defined. The first question is: "What are the needs of the patients after brain injury?". The second question is: "What is the role of a social worker in meeting the needs of a patient with brain injury?" The qualitative research strategy was used; the instructional dialogue technique with patients after brain injury in the South Bohemia Region within the project. When analyzing the data collected from the patients during the first three months after the discharge from the hospital to the home care, seven major patient needs emerged need of help, need of psychical equilibrium, need of self-reliance, need of being without paint, need of recovering to the condition before CVA incidence, and need of establishing a new system of activities. Two of these needs, the need of recovering to the condition before CVA incidence and the need of establishing a new system of activities could be considered as principal, because the other needs are in general heading towards them. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed the role of a social worker by means of which these needs can be saturated The results of the present thesis are used as a partial part from which the complex results of coordinated rehabilitation of patients after brain injury of the GAJU project are complied. The needs analysis of patients brought the proposals of dealing with/saturation of these needs and therefore had a direct impact on the lives of the respondents. The results of the research will become a part of the publication outputs of the above-mentioned projects.
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Influence of physical activity on changes in skeletal muscle mass after brain injury
Prunerová, Anna ; Táborská, Silvie (advisor) ; Pochylová, Barbora (referee)
of bachelor thesis Title of bachelors thesis: Influence of physical activity on changes in skeletal muscle mass after brain injury Abstract: Bachelor thesis concerns with resulting of muscle mass after four weeks of physical acitivity doing. There were chosen patients with traumatic brain lesion and with hemiparetic stroke. The thesis is divided in two parts, theoretical and practical. Theoretical part is belonged to brain injury etiology. The attention is on hemiparetic stroke and traumatic brain lesion. Then there is described the architecture of skeletal muscle and there are included changes, which can be established on it. A part of it there is correct physical activity, which is indicated to these patients. In this thesis there is also explaining of biological impedance analysis and instruments, which were used during detection of results. In practical part there is concerned a metodology of thesis. Criteria of selection of patients, analysis and data processing are included. There are casuistries of three patients, one woman and two men after brain injury. Casuistries concern apart of anamnesis, entrance and output kinesiology examination also a measure of bioimpedance, which is important in this thesis for finding of influence of physical activity on muscle mass. Key words: Brain injury,...
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Evaluation of Brain Injured Patients Using the Modified Jacobs Prevocational Skills Assessment
Rejtarová, Anna ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Uhlířová, Jaromíra (referee)
OF THE BACHELOR THESIS Author: Anna Rejtarová Supervisor: Mgr. Kateřina Svěcená, Ph.D Title: Evaluation of Brain Injured Patients Using the Modified Jacobs Prevocational Skills Assessment This thesis is focused on evaluation of patients after a brain injury for the purpose of their employment. Its theoretical part summarizes a variety of assessments used worldwide and special attention is paid to Prevocational Skills Assessment by Karen Jacobs. This assessment is unique for its overall view of the patients, no only their physical, mental, or cognitive abilities. Because of its unique attributes, the assessment by Karen Jacobs was customized to patients after a brain injury and the customized version is attached to this thesis in the form of a therapist manual. Furthermore, the assessment was modified to fit the needs of the modern employers and contemporary equipment. It was evaluated on sixteen individuals (eight after a brain injury and eight with no functional impairment). The results are presented and discussed in the practical part of this thesis. KEYWORDS Jacobs Prevocational Skills Assessment Prevocational rehabilitation Brain injury Occupational therapy
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Training of cognitive function after brain injury with use of Test System Schuhfried
Macková, Lenka ; Oktábcová, Alice (advisor) ; Piťhová, Zuzana (referee)
1 Abstract: Brain injury is a heavy burden on our society and one of the consequences of brain injury is cognitive impairment. Cognitive functions are essential to self-sufficiency and participation in the life of man. The aim of this work is to describe the use of a computer program CogniPlus from Vienna Test System Schuhfried for the training of cognitive functions for patients after brain injury. The theoretical part provides information on the issues of brain injury and its consequences and describes cognitive functions and their disorders. Furthermore, this section describes the options for neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and there's also described the role of occupational in training of cognitive functions. Conclusion The theoretical part focuses on the use of computer programs and their advantages and disadvantages, and lastly, there is a detailed description of the computer program CogniPlus. The practical part is focused on the possibility to use a computer program for training (CogniPlus) of cognitive function of patients after brain injury. The practical part contains two case studies. Each patient was conducted 10 training sessions on CogniPlus during two months - once and twice a week. Before and after of the therapy series, cognitive tests were performed on patients for evaluation of...
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The Effect of Pelvic Stabilizing Muscles Activation in Redcord on the Gait in Patients after Brain Damage
Kasanová, Barbora ; Drábová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Průšková, Kateřina (referee)
The title of work: The Effect of Pelvic Stabilizing Muscles Activation in Redcord on the Gait in Patients after Brain Damage Abstract: This bachelor thesis focuses on wrong gait stereotype after acquired brain damage. It aims on finding a way how to affect it by therapy of pelvic stabilizers. For this intention the Neurac method has been chosen. It uses a sling exercise system called Redcord. The theoretical part of this thesis concerns brain damage in general and especially traumatic and ischaemic laesion. It also describes pathologic gait stereotype issue which is very common in these patients. Furthermore, a description of the Neurac method and the Redcord is involved. There are several current studies mentioned as well. In the practical part there are described all used methods, basic research questions, methodology and description of participant patients. This part also includes case studies and results of therapy after doing special Neurac Testing, standard gait tests and visual comparison of gait before and after intervention using videorecording. Key words: Redcord, Neurac, stroke, brain injury, hemiplegic gait, pathologic gait, pelvic stabilizers
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Physiotherapy as a part of rehabilitation in patients after severe demage of brain
Neradová, Martina ; Pitrmanová, Věra (advisor) ; Brožová, Kamila (referee)
OF THE BACHELOR THESIS Name: Martina Neradová Supervisor: Mgr . Věra Pitrmanová Opponent of the work : Title of the thesis: Physiotherapy as a part of rehabilitation in patients after severe demage of brain Abstract of the thesis: This thesis deals with patients after severe brain damage, particularly in the most represented diagnosis of stroke and brain damage as a result of cranial trauma. The thesis highlights the important role of rehabilitation and through physiotherapy interventions I am trying to promote the concept of comprehensive rehabilitation. In the theoretical section I briefly summarize the problems of stroke and cranial trauma, further I deal with the role of physiotherapy in the context of a comprehensive rehabilitation and outline a list of the most frequently used methods in physiotherapy of patients after severe brain damage. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the specific problem of the patient, pain of a hemiparetic shoulder, which restricts the patient not only functional but also during other therapies. As a part of the current physiotherapy I have applied the current therapy through the electrotherapeutical device Rebox and watched the intensity of pain of the hemiparetic shoulder and the effect on the function of the upper limb. Key words: brain injury, stroke,...
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