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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Dostálová, Barbora ; Kozáková, Alena (advisor) ; Jarošová, Hana (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis Aims: The main goal of my thesis was to use knowledge gained during studies of physiotherapy in a practical case of a patient treatment and to get feedback of the therapy that was used. The therapy included: an investigation, a proposal of the therapy, a procedure for the therapy and an evaluation of the effect of the therapy. Methods: The first part of my thesis is focused on the theoretical issue of rheumatoid arthritis. The main topic of this part is a clinical picture through which rheumatoid arthritis can come out. I also focused on arthral and non-arthral, neurological, symptoms. At the end of the thesis the physical therapy is discussed. The second part includes the actual diagnosis elaboration of a case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. It was created during my practice in the Institute of Rheumatology in Prague, from 11th January until 21st January. The part includes an entry investigation, a short-term and a long-term therapy schedule, therapeutic units, an output investigation and an efficiency of the used therapy. The main aim of the therapy was to reduce pain and to restore the strength of muscles and the latitude of joints Results: With a high support of a medical...
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Physiotherapy and life quality promotions patients with Bechterew disease
Strašáková, Anežka ; Zinková, Iva (advisor) ; Michalčinová, Klaudia (referee)
IN ENGLISH Name of title: Physiotherapy and life quality promotions patients with Bechterew disease Abstract: Subject of this bachelor's thesis is lifelong rheumatic disease - ankylosing spondylitis - from the perspective of patients and possible influence of physical therapy on disease's outcomes. Theoretical part deals with anatomical findings on axial skeleton, classification of ankylosing spondylitis within the group of rheumatic diseases, ethiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course of disease based on pathological and anatomical changes, examination, diagnostics, possibilities of medical treatment and therapy. Therapy is independant chapter, posing the first objective of this bachelor's thesis - description of different physical therapy approaches that can support the quality of life of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Practical part deals with examination and description of subjective perception of quality of life of patients with axial form of ankylosing spondylitis during the course of disease. This bachelor's thesis can be classified as a descriptive type. Semi-structured non-standardized interview was used for data collection in practical part. Patients, who fulfilled criteria and signed informed consent, were interviewed. Recorded interviews were authentically transcripted....
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Biological treatment and its influence on the course of latent viral infections in patients with psoriasis
Laurin, Josef ; Šmahelová, Jana (advisor) ; Janovec, Václav (referee)
There are more than 80 identified autoimmune diseases. One of the most prevalent ones is psoriasis. Its prevalence is around 2-5 % worldwide. The treatment of this inflammatory skin disease can be divided as follows: in cases of low severity, topical therapies are used for local treatment and in the cases of insufficient effect, stronger therapies are used. Phototherapy is used for moderate severity, and systemic therapy is used in moderate to severe disease. Systemic agents include cytostatic methotrexate, immunosuppressant cyclosporin, or retinoids (vitamin A analogues). However, even systemic therapies may not yield the desired effects or may have adverse effects on the overall condition of the patient. In those cases, biological therapy comes to use. Biological therapy is usually conducted using antibodies and fusion proteins, which are made using recombinant technologies. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 12, 17 and 23 (IL-12, IL-17 and IL-23) inhibitors are the most commonly used in the treatment of psoriasis. During the inhibition of the immune system, it has been confirmed that a reactivation of viral infections can occur. These reactivations may subsequently lead to the development of various diseases caused by latent viral infections.
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Immunopathology aspects and new treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis
Bartoňová, Michaela ; Šenolt, Ladislav (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which affects joints. It significantly affects the quality of life and is associated with increased mortality. Although its etiology is not fully known, it is believed that both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in its outbreak. Knowledge of these risk factors helps us to determine the risk of RA outbreaks in vulnerable populations and provides us with knowledge about possible prevention. Pathogenesis of RA is caused by activated mesenchymal cells and cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, such as endothelial cells, synovial fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes. It is an incurable disease, but there are several medications, which improve disease activity or can even cause remission. Great success has been observed in biological treatment and inhibitors of Janus kinases. In some cases, the response to this relatively new therapy is not sufficient, and new drugs based on other mechanism should be developed. Examples include inhibition of granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor, inhibition of interleukin 6 or interleukin 17 and bispecific antibodies. There is a growing importance of biosimilar drugs, which would make treatment, thanks to a lower price,...
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Effect Multiple Sclerosis on activities of daily living
Němečková, Jana ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Křivková, Jana (referee)
Bibliografický záznam NĚMEČKOVÁ, Jana. Vliv roztroušené sklerózy na aktivity denního života. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 2. Lékařská fakulta, Ústav ošetřovatelství, 2016. 87 s., přílohy. Vedoucí bakalářské práce PhDr. Hana Nikodemová Abstract In my Bachelor thesis I examine the impact of Multiple sclerosis on a daily life activities. The intention is to present an overview of knowledge of the disease itself and map its impact on the activities of a normal day. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The introduction of the theoretical part is devoted to reasons of my decision to describe this topic, I define the aim of the work and the working hypotheses, subsequently there is described the disease itself in tabular form by each areas, such as the characteristics of the disease, duration of disease, diagnosis, treatment etc. Then I pay attention to daily life activities and needs of the patient. In the practical part is performed quantitative research through a questionnaire survey of patients from a specialized center for the treatment of demyelinating diseases in the Department of Neurology at the Motol University Hospital. The obtained data are presented in tabular and graphical reports. Keywords multiple sclerosis , activities of daily living, the impact of disease, attack, human needs
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Multiple Sclerosis: Corticoid and Biological Therapy, Importance of Pedagogy in Rehabilitation
Rosová, Anna ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with the theme of a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease, the sclerosis multiplex. Although this serious disease has become an object of intensive research in recent decades and there is an inexhaustible quantity of literature available, we haven't yet fully identified the causes of this disease as well as we haven't found such kind of effective treatment that would lead to the permanent recovery of patients. I focused my interest on two main spheres: first, the description and comparison of practices in terms of pharmacotherapy giving priority to its benefits to patients, second, the view of another important but not always appreciated part of therapy, physiotherapy or rehabilitation; the main point is studying of processes and actions from the pedagogical point of view.
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Změny střevního mikrobiomu u pacietů s idiotypickými střevními záněty léčenými pomocí anti-TNF-α
Damašková, Dagmar ; Mrázek, Jakub (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
English Abstract Crohn's disease together with ulcerative colitis, is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with increasing incidence and prevalence in developed countries. IBD is an immunologically mediated multifactorial disease and it's mechanism of action is still unknown. Current well- established treatment targets the inflammation with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Apart from the intestinal inflammation, which is the primary target of the treatment, patients are characteristically afflicted with intestinal dysbiosis. Therefore, possible interventions might be an adjuvant or biological therapy. Adjuvant therapy directly aims the microbiota with probiotics, whereas the target of biological therapy is TNF-α, a pro- inflammatory cytokine excessively secreted by macrophages. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate intestinal microbiota composition changes in IBD patients with regard to courses of adjuvant and biological therapy. Bacterial diversity was analyzed using three different DNA extraction techniques. Rapid beat beating + column (RBB+C) was chosen for analyzing patient samples, as it showed the highest DNA yield and the highest DNA purity. Primarily the bacterial diversity was analyzed using degradation gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with subsequent sequencing of bands of...
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Comparative analysis of the effect on disease-modifying drugs and biological therapy in functional ability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Sýkorová, Veronika ; Vomáčková, Helena (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Autor: Bc. Veronika Sýkorová Title: Comparative analysis of the effect on disease-modifying drugs and biological therapy in functional ability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: The aim of the thesis is to compare the effect of disease-modifying drugs and biological therapy on quality of life using the disability index, which is achieved by evaluating the HAQ, grip strength the small muscles of the hand, which is tested a hand dynamometer and standing stability, which is detected by measuring on stabilometric platform. Methods: This is a pilot study using subjective and objective examination. Stabilometric and dynamometric examination and the Czech version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire validated by Rheumatology Institute in Prague 2010 were used to the analysis. Evaluation of the collected data was done using two-way analysis of variance with repetition. Results: Biological therapy and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have significant impact on quality of life, the strength of the small muscles of the hand and standing stability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have reached significant results than the biological therapy in quality of life, forces the small muscles of the right hand and standing stability. Biological...
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