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Autonomous Power Supply for Sewerage Plant
Böserle, Otomar ; Dřínovský, Jiří (referee) ; Šebesta, Jiří (advisor)
The semester project called “The Autonomous System of Sewage Disposal Plant” seeks possible ways of using natural energy resources for purifying waste-water in areas without an l.v. access. We offer a possible solution in the form of fotovoltaic panels and we have also tried to find a compromise between the price and the sustainability of the system. Furthermore, we have designed circuits which could power the plant. We believe that after necessary tests and following adjustments the system could be used commercially. The part of the complete design dealing with gaining and accumulation of electrical energy could be used for other purposes too, e.g. for electrification of remote recreational areas.
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Influence of electrolysis on the degradation of dye water solutions
Olexová, Barbora ; Možíšková, Petra (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The basic subject of this thesis is to investigate the influence of electrolysis on degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solutions. Electrolysis is a physically-chemical process, during which - under the influence of direct current - chemical reactions proceed inside the system. By choosing efficient conditions it is possible to achieve fundamental changes in the structure of organic compound’s molecules and on the basis of that for example their gradual degradation. This effect can be used in the process of wastewater treatment. The main task of the thesis is to analyse the influence of variously chosen chemical and physical conditions on the rate of degradation of azo dyes, which is the largest group of organic dyes used in industry and from this reason in great amounts contained both in mill residues and sewage water. Azo dyes have been selected for this experiment for their good solubility in water. Other advantage is that their degradation is accompanied by visible decoloration of the solution and their concentration in solution can be easily determined by UV-VIS spectrometry. Concretely two direct azo dyes - C.I. Direct Blue 106 and C.I. Direct Red 79 - have been chosen. The experiment was carried out in a simple reactor consisted of a bath with a stirrer into which two electrodes were installed and attached to the source of direct voltage. Every series of measurement proceeded at constant current which values were varied in range from 100 mA to 1 000 mA. The electric voltage ranged from 7 V to 22 V. Several samples were taken away from the solution during the experiment and the decrease of dye concentration was evaluated in every series. This evaluation validated the hypothesis that the dyes contained in the solution really degraded. This process was also connected to the expected bleaching of the solution. Decoloration of aqueous solution of dye is caused by disruptions in the structure of the dye molecule which is loosing its characteristic sections that cause colourfulness (a conjugate system of double bonds and presence of appropriate substitutes). A total amount of measured series was 16 with various input conditions (Fe and Pt electrodes, electrolytes NaCl, Na2SO4, and NaNO3 and their different concentrations, different current values) which more or less influenced the rate of degradation of investigated substances. It was found out that the blue dye is more likely to be electrolytically degraded. Chemical structure of its molecules, which is smaller and less branched than molecules of the used red dye, could be the source of that. The greatest degradation of the blue one proceeded at two chosen maximum values of constant current 800 mA and 1 000 mA. It could be assumed that current enhancement through the system induces higher dye concentration decrease. Degradation of the blue dye proceeded faster by using electrodes made of stainless steel than the platinum electrodes. The most suitable electrolyte was shown to be sodium chloride. When higher concentration (or conductivity) of electrolyte was used higher efficiency of degradation process was observed.
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Upgrading of wastewater treatment plant by means of MBR technology.
Spratková, Aneta ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the topic of membrane technologies used in wastewater treatment. The research part of the thesis deals with membrane separation of activated sludge, and the focus is on the submerged membrane modules. The thesis contains basic principles of MBR systems, an overview of used membrane modules, modes of operation, advantages and disadvantages of using this process. The practical part of the thesis proposes the intensification of WWTP Perná with using MBR technology. This part includes the technical-economic assessment of the activation WWTP with the third stage of treatment and activation WWTP with MBR.
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Industrial wastewater in Czech republic
Sikora, Petr ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide a comprehensive insight into various aspects of industrial wastewater production in the Czech Republic. In addition to studying industrial wastewater in general, it also focuses specifically on winery wastewater. Wine production represents an alternative to another drink very popular among many Czechs – beer. To better understand this topic, the thesis combines a summary of theoretical knowledge with up-to-date statistics regarding production and emissions of industrial wastewater using data provided mainly by Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, Czech Statistical Office, and Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. The results can be used for monitoring the development of quality and quantity of wastewater emissions during recent decades, as well as responses to various influencing events and factors. An overview of important legislation documents regarding this topic is included as well, followed by a brief selection of emission standards.
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Use of oxidation processes (AOP) for removal of micropolutants
Stříteský, Luboš ; Pešoutová,, Radka (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and it’s use for removal of micropollutants from wastewater. The first chapter explains the need AOPs, water quality, pollution and substances that are present in the water. Further, the first chapter outlines approach of the current legislation to micropollutants. The second chapter explains the theory and principle of operation of AOPs. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section describes AOPs, which were tested at selected WWTP. In the second section, there are described some other AOPs. The third chapter is a literature retrieval of AOPs dealing with the removal of micropollutants. This chapter is focused on the removal of hormones by AOPs using ozone-based AOPs. The fourth chapter describes the actual testing of selected AOPs. The chapter describes selected WWTP, pilot-scale AOP unit and test results. In the last chapter there is designed and described full-scale AOP tertiary unit for removing of micropollutants. The last chapter also contains economic analysis of the proposed tertiary unit.
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Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for food industry wastewater treatment.
Polášek, Daniel ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The most significant environmental problems related to the food industry is water consumption and pollution, energy consumption and waste production. Most of the water that does not become a part of the products ultimately leaves plants in the form of wastewater, which is often very specific and requires adequate handling / treatment / disposal. For the purpose of this thesis, brewery industry was chosen, because of its very long tradition in the Czech history and culture. Anaerobic technologies are applied for still wider range of industrial wastewater treating. In general anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) can very effectively treat wastewater of different concentration and composition and produce treated water (outlet, permeate) of excellent quality, that can be further utilised. At the same time, it can promote energy self-sufficiency through biogas production usable in WWTPs / plants. Main disadvantages include unavoidable membrane fouling and generally higher CAPEX / OPEX. Within the framework of Ph.D. studies and related research activities, immersed membrane modules for anaerobic applications were selected and lab-scale tested (designed and assembled laboratory unit), an AnMBR pilot plant was designed, built and subsequently tested under real conditions - at Černá Hora Brewery WWTP (waste waters from the brewery and associated facilities). The pilot AnMBR and the technology itself has been verified over more than a year (5/2015 – 11/2016) of trial operation - the initial and recommended operational parameters have been set up, minor construction adjustments / modifications and measurement & regulation optimizations have been made, the recommended membrane cleaning and regeneration procedure has been verified. Last, but not least, conclusions and recommendations of the trial operation were summarised - some key findings and recommendations for further operation, use and modifications of the existing AnMBR pilot plant are presented.
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Comprehensive water management in a family house without connection to the wastewater disposal system
Plhák, Jiří ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
Czech Republic is called roof of the Europe, several rivers rise here and many of them flow away and continue to other countries. That's why I find, that’s extremely important to manage out water sources properly and carefully, because for example the weather has a huge impact on our limited sources and can affect them especially in a dry periods. These issues can be improved by finding a use for used water, good storm water management as well as using greywater. In my diploma thesis, I'll be mainly focused on an overall water management in an ordinary family house. It has two parts as theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part is then split into another three parts. The first part covers a storm water management, the second is about waste water management. The third explains greywater management. In practical part of my diploma thesis, there's my study of not disposing rain water into a drain with other waste water, but making both waters useful. In this my particular subject in village called Plesnice, is projected a waste water treatment plant. Treated water will be accumulate together with rain water. Accumulated water will be used for irrigation. For a waste water treatment is projected a constructed wetland with vertical flow (down flow reed beds) and facility for sludge management. This is example of extensive technology. Irrigation system consists of storage tank with mechanical pre-treatment and pump valve shaft, sprinklers for lawns, drip irrigation decorative surfaces and everything is controlled by a control unit. Thanks to irrigation and rainwater remains in effect, which is important for local microclimate and save drinking water. This study is an example of that in water management is not necessarily a need for global action, but you can start with individuals and individual houses, which in total could have a significant effect on water retention in the landscape and to slow down and reduce the peak flow in rivers.
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Degradation of fats in wastes
Artýszková, Jana ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Submitted master’s thesis is focused on the study of possibilities of lipids degradation in particular wastewaters originating in food industry or restaurants. The effort is given to the employment of lipolytic activity presenting microorganisms. In the literature review, wastewater treatment with aim on the sludge management and fat separators are described, as a way how to pre-treat these wastewaters. In this part the enzymes lipases of microbial origin are researched from point of view of their production conditions and possible applications. The experimental part is dedicated to the research of optimization of cultivation conditions for lipases production employing selected microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, G. thermocatenulatus and mixed bacterial culture Thermus and Bacillus) and a commercial formulation (Sany Duo Spezial). Lipases production and growth of microorganisms are determined spectrofotometrically on various concentrations of lipids. Moreover, employing the solid nutrition medium, the effect of detergents onto the Bacillus subtilis culture was assessed, since detergents are generally abundant in this particular wastewaters. As a conclusion, vide supra mentioned microorganisms were characterized according to their abilities to degrade triacylglycerols.
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All-embracing water management in a residential object in a Pařezov village
Királ, Martin ; Hubačíková,, Věra (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with sound water management and is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into three main chapters. The first part focuses on rainwater, its quality characteristics and utilization. The second chapter focuses on the management of waste water, its properties, the amount of waste water and natural ways of wastewater treatment. The last chapter is devoted to the gray waters and their utilization. The practical part focuses on the study of the draft comprehensive management of sewage and rainwater in the village Pařezov district Domažlice. It focuses on wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands, using rainwater for irrigation and infiltration of the remaining water.
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