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New possibilities to distinguish monozygotic twins
Letková, Kristína ; Kulichová, Iva (advisor) ; Priehodová, Edita (referee)
The necessity of distinguishing monozygotic twins from a genetic point of view is important not only for determining paternity, when it is decided which of two identical twins is the father, but also, for example, for criminal cases, where it is necessary to identify the perpetrator who is one of the monozygotic twins. In addition to analyzing and evaluating molecular biological methods, the work also deals with monozygotic twins themselves, their emergence and the causes of their emergence. The topic affects both forensic genetics and medical fields.
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Problematics of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea
Bláha, Matěj ; Suchánek, Jonáš (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on problems associated with integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The main aim is to create a conceptual framework for deeper understanding of this issue. The fulfilment of this aim was achieved with the help of research questions that address the impact of refugees and South Korean society on refugee integration. The thesis synthesizes information from existing publications using the method of systematic literature review and can therefore serve as a basis for future research. The theoretical section, which discusses terms and concepts relevant to the thesis, is followed by two chapters of historical and geographical context needed for understanding of the issue of North Korean refugees and the description of methodology used in the systematic review. The results of the synthesis imply that the level of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea is not very high and refugees face a significant number of barriers that make this integration difficult. For the sake of clarity, the systematic research has been categorically divided into thematic subchapters, which address in detail the different areas of this specific migration and integration. Key words: systematic review, integration, North Korean refugees, South Korea, North Korea
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Effect of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis
Hušková, Eliška ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Eliska Huskova Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Nemeckova, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The impact of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis Introduction and aim of the study: The liver is an organ with many important functions in the body, such as detoxification and regulation of lipid metabolism. Impairment of these processes can lead to NASH, a disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, characterized by inflammation and accumulation of fat droplets in the liver. Studies focused on NASH are important for understanding the pathophysiology and developing new therapeutic strategies. The use of mouse models allows the investigation of pathogenesis and testing of different therapeutic approaches. This study examines the effect of the anti-endoglin antibody M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH. Methodology: Mice were fed a diet inducing NASH and divided into two groups, one receiving rat IgG antibody and the other one, receiving the anti-endoglin antibody M1043. The livers were collected and processed using immunohistochemical...
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Comparison of the role of the president in the constitutional development of Belarus and Ukraine during the 1990s and at the beginning of the new millennium
Dubecký, Jan ; Příhoda, Marek (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse and evaluate the changes in the constitutional development in Ukraine and Belarus during the 1990s and the first years of the 21st century. The main focus will be on the role of Presidents Kuchma and Lukashenko and on the comparison of the factors that contributed to the dramatic consolidation of the authoritarian direction of the state in the Belarusian case and to the so-called "Kuchism" in the Ukrainian case. The thesis touches upon political relations at the level of the president-parliament, as well as other factors that played an important role in the post-Soviet transformation of both countries (the economy, the legal framework of the state, as well as identity issues in both countries). In the thesis I will focus on the steps that led to the different directions of Belarus and Ukraine during the post-Soviet transformation, but also on the common factors and tendencies that can be traced in both states.
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Factors influencing the success of endurance hunting
Červenková, Lucie ; Struška, Michal (advisor) ; Oplt, Pavla Alexia (referee)
The persistence hunting involves the long-term pursuit of prey in typically hot and arid environments until the animal becomes exhausted and is overtaken. This hunting method played a significant role in the evolution of the genus of Homo and led to many adaptations for endurance movement, namely running. This work explores the adaptations necessary for utilizing this type of hunting as a subsistence strategy. It first focuses on thermoregulatory adaptations that occurred in the evolution of hominins and how they may be applied in hunting strategy. It further addresses adaptations associated with oxygen transport, for which information from modern endurance athletes has been primarily utilized. The aim is to determine which morphological and physiological factors play the most important role in success, and then to describe the influence of genetics and training on endurance. Lastly, the work focuses on the topic of female hunters and the likelihood of their participation in persistence hunting. It also investigates significant adaptations in women that could have provided an advantage for this type of hunting. Key words: persistence hunting, evolution, H. erectus, thermoregulatory adaptations, sweating, VO2max, woman the hunter
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Compensatory exercise with dual-task elements for people with sedentary work
Fišarová, Gabriela ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Gabriela Fišarová Supervizor: Mgr. Klára Novotná, Ph.D. Title: Compensatory exercise with dual-task elements for people with sedentary work Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of sedentary job and its compensation using exercise with the Kommo® bar. Sedentary behaviour leads to many health problems and affects physical and mental health. Prolonged sitting is often associated with inappropriate posture and is one of the most common causes of back pain. Treatment and prevention of back pain is an important part of the physiotherapist's work. The bachelor's thesis aims to investigate the effect of the new type of compensatory exercise in individuals with sedentary jobs on pain and spinal mobility. The bachelor's thesis involved a group of individuals with office-based sedentary jobs who have experienced back pain. The exercise program lasted 8 weeks and included 1 hour of group exercise per week. The exercise used a special Kommo® bar and the use of motor and cognitive so-called dual-task tasks. The effect of the therapeutic intervention was assessed using the spinal mobility tests (Schober, Stibor, Čepoj, Otta, Thomayer), the functional mobility tests (the Timed Up and Go test, the Five Times Sit to Stand test) and the subjective pain questionnaires (the Visual...
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Evolution of human microbiota
Linhartová, Barbora ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Coufal, Štěpán (referee)
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a significant role in the human body. It affects the proper functioning of the body, such as the proper function of its immune system, fermentation of otherwise indigestible parts of food, synthesis of essential substances such as vitamins and other essential functions. When changing its composition, there may be a change in the processes associated with it and various pathologies associated with it. During human history several events, and changes in the way of life of people have occurred. The most important are the Neolithic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. This led to transformations in the composition of the gut microbiota. This results in, among other things, a higher prevalence in some autoimmune and metabolic diseases, such as colon cancer, ulcers, and others. To know all the consequences of changes in the gut microbiota of people and possible solutions to the problems arising with them, it is necessary to know the microbiome of our ancestors, its composition, changes, and mechanism of origin. In my bachelor thesis, I will focus on intestinal bacteria and current knowledge about their composition, on the mechanisms of their formation (on social and transgenerational transmission), on changes in their composition and on evolutionary mechanisms....
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Circadian regulation of body temperature
Knobloch, František ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
This thesis addresses the topic of circadian control of body temperature, a key aspect for understanding the temporal regulation of the body and its influence on physiological processes. Temperature is a strong signal that is under the strict control of the thermoregulatory system, which very effectively prevents major fluctuations even under non-standard conditions. Although the daily rhythm in body temperature oscillates within a very narrow range, it is an important information for all the cells of our body, which contributes to their coordinated functioning. This thesis synthesizes the available knowledge on how the circadian system creates this rhythm and how temperature and factors that influence body temperature may in turn enter into the temporal regulation of our body. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics between the circadian system and thermoregulation, and to highlight the many bidirectional connections that may overlap with countless other physiological processes.
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Cortical microcircuits and synaptic transmission in epilepsy
Doležal, Filip ; Králíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
Epilepsy is a permanent predisposition of the brain to generate epileptic seizures. This widespread disease significantly impairs patients' life. Since epilepsy is defined only by its common symptoms, the research is complicated due to the variety of possible causes that can result in this disorder. Although many forms of therapy targeting different etiologies of this disorder exist, it is often challenging to select the right treatment and about one third of the patients still suffer from refractory seizures. Nevertheless, several proteins that participate in synaptic transmission and may undergo specific changes in their function have been identified. These changes in function affect both the activity of synapse and the involvement of synaptic connections in neuronal microcircuits. Microcircuits are common motifs of connections amidst excitatory and inhibitory neurons that are necessary for the transmission and processing of information in the brain. Microcircuits can be temporarily or permanently impaired by pathogenic processes on the molecular level, which may be responsible for the origination and propagation of seizures. Keywords epilepsy, ictogenesis, microcircuits, synaptic transmission
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Targeting placental inflammation: Investigating the effects of glucose, metformin, and LPS on the NLRP3 inflammasome
Medková, Michaela ; Karahoda, Rona (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Michaela Medková Supervisor: PharmDr. Rona Karahoda, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Targeting placental inflammation: Investigating the effects of glucose, metformin, and LPS on the NLRP3 inflammasome Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common obstetric complications defined as glucose tolerance first detected during pregnancy. Recent research indicates that GDM is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, a phenomenon observed within the placenta as well. Importantly, the human placenta expresses high levels of NLRP3- inflammasome-associated molecules and secretes large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Elevated circulating levels of these cytokines, including IL-1β, have been linked to GDM. Moreover, metformin, a hypoglycemic agent used in pregnancy, has gained attention for its potential to modulate inflammasome activation. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response of human placental tissue to high glucose levels and LPS exposure and explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of metformin. The study was conducted in villous placental explants isolated from human term placenta. qPCR and ELISA were used to evaluate the...
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