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Ethical and legal aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation focused on advance directives
Beranová, Stanislava ; Kopsa Těšinová, Jolana (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
(v AJ) Introduction to the Issue: The diploma thesis deals with ethical and legal issues related to the provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, particularly the use of advance directive in intensive care units. Although advance directive have been part of legislation in medical practice for several years, they are not widely used. However, this document is crucial as it protects patient autonomy in situations where the patient cannot express their wishes and preferences. The use of this document in medical practice raises questions, especially regarding its content, accessibility, and adherence. Objective: The main goal of this thesis is to identify the ethical and legal aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, specifically in relation to patients advance directive. The study aims to understand how non-medical healthcare personnel perceive these aspects in intensive care units. Methodology: For the research investigation, a qualitative research method was chosen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with healthcare personnel from intensive care units. The obtained data were categorized using open coding after thorough analysis and anonymization. The results are presented using an undirected graph. The research section also includes continuous text containing individual codes and...
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Design, preparation and structural studies of biologically relevant protein variants of cancer-related Carbonic Anhydrase IX
Fejfarová, Adéla ; Maloy Řezáčová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
3 Abstract Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) represents an attractive target for the development of anticancer drugs as it is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors. By its catalytic activity, CA IX assists the cancer cells to maintain the optimal intracellular pH and to acidify the extracellular milieu promoting tumor development. There are twelve enzymatically active carbonic anhydrases (CAs) present in human body, all sharing a high sequence identity and a typical β-sheet structural fold of the well-studied catalytic domain. Although, the activity of CAs is efficiently inhibited by sulfonamide-containing compounds, the design of inhibitor selective to the cancer-related CA IX has been hampered by the high sequence conservation. CA IX has several unique features compared to other members of the family, which investigation may help in the development of selective drug compounds. Namely, it is a type I transmembrane dimeric protein with unique N-terminal proteoglycan-like (PG) domain, extracellular catalytic domain, and short cytoplasmic C-terminal segment. The above denoted traits make CA IX subject of structure-based drug design efforts. However, the expression and purification in high yield as well as crystallization experiments has been challenging. Therefore, protein variant bearing six amino acid...
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Latvian literature in Lithuania - perception of classical and contemporary literature after 1991
Sedláčková, Anna ; Montvilaite, Geda (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
Although, based on geographical proximity and belonging to one language family, it may seem very likely that Latvian literature will be an inseparable part of the Lithuanian book market, the absence of a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach focused on the period after 1991 to this topic rather indicates the opposite. The aim of this work is to evaluate the perception of Latvian literature by the professionals (literary scholars), both classical and contemporary, and at the same time to compare whether the tendency to translate Latvian works into Lithuanian is weakening or strengthening. Even though a wide range of works from Latvian literature were translated between 1990-2023, it could be assumed that there is not a proportionate number of works that would map the development and perception of Latvian literature in Lithuania. Although the goal of this thesis is not to completely fill this empty space, the ambition remains to systematically describe these phenomena and, if possible, also explain the factors that lead to a smaller (or, conversely, a larger) number of translations from Latvian literature. Keywords: Latvian literature, translations, literary reception, Lithuania, contemporary literature, classic literature
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Os cordis in mammals
Macháčková, Eliška ; Robovský, Jan (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on the study of the os cordis, a specific anatomical structure located in the region of the fibrous trigones of the heart muscleIt serves with a high probability as mechanical support for the aorta and atrioventricular valves during the cardiac cycle. As part of the work, the os cordis was analyzed using computed tomography (CT) on a quite large taxa sampling of hearts of various species, obtained mainly in cooperation with Czech zoological gardens. This study also includes a review of published literature. All data obtained from our own research and from literary sources, were subsequently subjected to statistical and phylogenetic analyses in order to identify relationships between the investigated parameters. Considering detected correlations, we could recommned to collect at least these data in future studies: heart weight, volume and density of os cordis. Reconstructions of os cordis evolution detected quite complex evolution of this heterotypic bone. Until now, no study has been published including such an extensive dataset of samples in combination with the use of modern radiological techniques, and therefore this work brings perhaps new perspectives to the issue of the os cordis and thus contributes to the expansion of knowledge about this interesting anatomical...
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Physiological and neurobiological correlates of personality traits
Kubelková, Klára ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Jonáš, Juraj (referee)
This paper seeks to provide an overview of the molecular, genetic, as well as structural and functional correlates of personality traits known to date, focusing primarily on typology according to the extensively used "NEO PI-R" ("Big Five") classification. It also attempts to discuss, at least briefly, the methodology for obtaining both neurobiological and psychological data and its validity. Finally, it aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the neurobiological approach to personality, its potential benefits and pitfalls. It does not aim to establish the exact proportion of biological and sociological factors, but to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this biological conditioning. Although there is now a vast amount of research on the biological substrate of personality, there is considerable inconsistency among these studies, both in terms of methodology and the results provided. Moreover, only a small number of them attempt to explain their findings in terms of possible mechanisms of their effect and thus to integrate them into the broader picture of the brain-personality connection. These and many other limitations of neurobiological research on personality, which receive considerable attention in this thesis, are only a proof of the immense complexity of the human brain and human...
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Susceptibility of European vector species to leishmaniases spreading into Europe.
Hošková, Anna ; Sádlová, Jovana (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
The first part of this thesis is focused on testing the ability of selected European sand fly species to support the development of Leishmania major, L. donovani and L. martiniquensis. A total of 15 experimental infections were performed and 1601 female sand flies were analysed. The results show that Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. tobbi support development of L. major and L. donovani (mature infections with colonization of the stomodeal valve and metacyclic promastigotes developed), while L. martiniquensis did not survive defecation. The vector competence of Sergentomyia minuta to Leishmania could not be tested because the females of this species refused to take blood meal on feeders, although several types of membranes, blood and experimental conditions were tested. Further, biting midges were studied in two areas of Czech equine autochthonous cases of L. martiniquensis. A total of 3341 bloodfed and parous females from Slatiňany and 119 from Ústí n. L. were analysed. The most abundant were biting midges from the Culicoides obsoletus complex. None of the 97 pools were positive for Leishmania DNA, but in 15 pools from Slatiňany was detected DNA of Herpetomonas ztiplika and one pool from Ústí n. L. contained DNA of Trypanosoma sp. from T. theileri group. The isolation of L. martiniquensis was...
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Modelovací úlohy - Role strategií při procesu transformace mentální představy do formální reprezentace
GEYER, Jakub
Modeling tasks, consisting in the transformation of a mental image into the formal representation, very often occur in the study of computer science, mathematics, but also in other technical and non-technical fields. From the didactic point of view, it is interesting in modeling tasks (among others), which methods/procedures solvers (students) use to manage more demanding complex tasks. It is often possible to encounter students, who have significant problems solving complex tasks (or they are not able to solve them satisfactorily at all), even though they did not have any problems with similar simpler tasks before during the course. A possible explanation can be seen in the suboptimal use of modeling strategies (e.g. divide&conquer, iterative approach, etc.) or their total absence. This research is focused on the analysis of the role of strategies in modeling tasks, the possibilities of their support/development and teaching methods. The study is conducted, which aimed to analyze the possible impact of strategies in the procedures of university students in solving modeling tasks in the areas of 3D modeling and databases. The goal of the research was also to analyze the possibility of generalization of modeling strategies and their transferability between domains with different type of model.
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Exceptions to the positive relationship between species diversity and environmental heterogeneity
Srpová, Tereza ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Divíšek, Jan (referee)
The positive relationship between environmental heterogeneity and species richness has been taken for granted for many years. However, recent studies have revealed possible alternatives to this positive relationship, such as negative or unimodal relationship. There are many possible explanations for these alternative relationships. Increasing spatial heterogeneity of a biotope of a given size inevitably leads to reduction in the effective area available to the organisms inhabiting it. At the same time, increased environmental heterogeneity can lead to fragmentation and isolation of biotope patches, which can have negative consequences for the species richness of the community. Inadequate methodology may be one of the reasons why these alternative relationships have only been discovered in the recent years. Correct information on the relationship between environmental heterogeneity and species richness is essential for decisions on biodiversity conservation. For this reason, it is necessary to discover such alternative relationships in specific ecosystems, which we aim to protect, and to always take them into account, even if they are less common.
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Employment of people with hearing disabilities in the Karlovy Vary region
Bíbová, Iva ; Hádková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Miroslava (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals the employment of people with hearing impairment in the Karlovy Vary region. The aim of thesis is to map and provide insight into the employment opportunities for people with hearing impairments in the territory of the selected region, as well as the support options that people with hearing impairments can use from the point of view of state and non- profit institutions. In the first chapters of the theoretical part, the classification of people with hearing impairment, methods of communication, barriers and preparation for the profession of people with hearing impairment is briefly described. Subsequently, attention is paid to the issue of employment, the importance and possibilities of employment of person with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic. Then the characteristics of the institutions that deal with the issue of employment of people with hearing impairment are specified. Specifically, it is the employment office, the public welfare society Tichý svět (The Silent World) and non-profit organization Czech Union of the Deaf. The practical part is focused on the aforementioned institutions operating in the Karlovy Vary region. It was used a semi-structured interview intended for representatives of the empolyment office, the Silent World and the Czech Union of...
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The development of new radical cross-linkers for structural characterization of proteins
Karpíšek, Michael ; Kukačka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Chmelík, Josef (referee)
Proteins are important biomolecules because they carry out many essential functions. Since the structure of these biomolecules is usually closely linked to their function, there are numerous techniques to determine their three-dimensional structure. Exploiting the advantages of mass spectrometry, chemical cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry is one of the methods that is used for structural characterization of studied molecule. Currently there is no reagent that targets and links all of the aromatic proteinogenic residues found in the sequence of proteins. In this work, we verified the reactivity of newly developed cross-linker towards aromatic residues and sulfhydryl group of cystein. This new reagent is based on the so-called Togni reagents that serve as trifluoralkylation agents. First, we monitored the impact of several different conditions on the composition of the reaction products using apomyoglobin as a model protein and electrosprey ionization as the method of choice. Subsequently we employed bottom up approach to find out which residues were modified. For this purpose we chose apomyoglobin and two other proteins that contain cysteine in its reduced form - RhoA and HSC70. Based on obtained results, we could confirm the ability of the new cross-linker to modify both aromatic residues...
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