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Mass Produced Medical Products as an Alternative Source of Reference Materials for Calibration
Zouzalová, Monika ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Čabala, Radomír (referee)
This thesis aims to statistically demonstrate whether mass-produced medicinal products can be used as an alternative source of reference materials for calibration in analytical chemistry. These preparations could be a potential alternative in cases where time is of the essence, for example in the clinical investigation of intoxication, if analytically certified reference material is not at hand. One of the most used methods in practice, high-performance liquid chromatography, was chosen as the analytical method. Like mass-produced medicinal products containing the active substances paracetamol and codeine were used, namely Panadol Novum 500 mg, Paramax RAPID 500 mg, Paramax RAPID 1 g, Paralen 500 mg, Codein Slovakofarma 28.72 mg and Talvosilen, which contains both mentioned active substances, namely 500 mg of paracetamol and 30 mg of codeine per tablet. Two different lots were tested for Paramax RAPID 500 mg. Potential sources of error were tested throughout the analytical process, namely weighing, solution preparation, and the measuring device. Each potential source of error was statically tested on two types of stock solutions using analysis of variance and Student's one- sample t-test. It was statistically confirmed that the individually selected processes do not introduce errors in the...
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Utilization of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline
Hrašková, Hana ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee)
In this study, a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three pharmaceutical compounds: amoxicillin, doxycycline, and paracetamol. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was employed for the separation. A Kinetex column C18 measuring 100×2,1 mm with a particle size of 1,7 μm was used as the stationary phase. The optimal method was run in gradient mode with a total analysis time of 5 minutes. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of component A, containing acetonitrile with 0,1% formic acid, and component B, comprising deionized water with 0,1% formic acid. The separation conditions in the column varied according to the following gradient program: 0 - 1,0 min: 10% A (v/v); 1,0 - 1,5 min: 10% → 65% A (v/v); 1,5 - 2,0 min: 65% A (v/v); 2,0 - 2,5 min 65%→10% A (v/v); 2,5 - 5,0 min 10% A (v/v). The pH of the mobile phase was maintained at 2,8. The flow rate was set at 0,3 ml/min, column temperature was maintained at 25řC, and the autosampler temperature was consistently held at 8řC. The injection volume was 1 μl, and analytes were detected using a diode array detector at a wavelength of 245 nm. Drug identification was conducted using a QDA detector set to positive mode with a mass range from 100,00 to 500,00 Da. The method was partially validated by constructing a...
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Analysis of the relationship between the function of the ARP2/3 protein complex and exocytosis in plant cells
Ničová, Klára ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Synek, Lukáš (referee)
Plant cells exhibit two types of growth: diffuse and apical. Mutation of the ARP2/3 complex, which is an actin nucleator, leads to phenotypic expression in both diffusely and apically growing cells. Many of these changes, such as impaired epidermal cell adhesion of hypocotyl cells or slower growth of pollen tubes, suggest that the observed phenotypes are cell wall related. Cell wall components are transported into the apoplastic space by exocytosis. Many factors are involved in controlled exocytosis, one of the most studied being the exocyst tethering complex. Mutants of the exocyst complex show phenotypes in both diffusely and apically growing cells, indicating that this complex is important for both types of growth. In addition, subunit EXO84b of the exocyst complex interacts with subunits of the ARP2/3 complex. In this thesis, I investigated the effect of mutation of ARP2/3 complex subunits on exocytosis of diffusely and apically growing cells by observing the localization and dynamics of the fluorescently labeled marker EXO84b-GFP. In epidermal hypocotyl cells (a model of diffuse growth), EXO84b-GFP had a shorter lifetime at the plasma membrane in ARP2/3 mutants compared to wild type. The pattern of its localization to the plasma membrane was also slightly different. It was not possible to...
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Natural archives of infilled lakes in the Třeboň Basin and the Bohemian Forest
Burda, Jan ; Vondrák, Daniel (advisor) ; Prach, Jindřich (referee)
In the territory of Czechia, lake sediments serve as invaluable natural archives, allowing us to study environmental changes in the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. Understanding these changes is crucial for contextualizing various contemporary environmental issues and managing protected areas. Sediments from infilled lakes can also be used for research of past environmental change. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize and compare the results of previous research on infilled lake sediments in the Třeboň Basin and the Bohemian Forest. Both areas contain basins with lake sediments dating back up to ca. 17,000 years. The thesis describes the principle of the formation of these lake basins, the regionally specific climate evolution, the evolution of soil and vegetation conditions in the lake catchments and the evolution of lake ecosystems. The history of the impact of human activities on the immediate surroundings of the lakes is also considered. So far, 32 infilled lakes have been found in the Třeboň basin and 3 infilled lakes in the Bohemian Forest. Another 9 lakes still exist in the Bohemian Forest. This review highlights the differences in the knowledge of the individual sites and the differences between the research carried out in the two areas. Keywords: lake sediments, Late Glacial,...
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Optineurin as a regulator of intracellular transport
Ondrúšková, Denisa ; Lánský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Luděk (referee)
Intracellular transport of mitochondria and other cell components along microtubules is fundamental in all cells, especially in neurons. The anterograde mitochondrial transport is driven by molecular motor kinesin-1 (KIF5), which is connected to mitochondria through the adaptor protein TRAK1. Recently, a less explored protein, optineurin (OPTN), has emerged as a novel regulator of this transport. Together with our collaborators, we show in our recent study that anterograde mitochondrial transport in mice is regulated by OPTN. Additionally, we show that OPTN is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that can interact with the KIF5B-TRAK1 complex, enhancing its run length, run time, and landing rate on microtubules. Since OPTN was just discovered as a new MAP, little is known about its interaction with microtubules. In this work, we show how OPTN interacts with differently post-translationally modified microtubules and different microtubule isoforms. Using an in vitro reconstitution assay, we show that OPTN prefers unmodified over highly post-translationally modified microtubules and forms regions of high affinity (patches) on them. Furthermore, OPTN shows isoform specific binding with significantly higher affinity to the α1β4 isoform compared to the α1β3 isoform. Unlike its interaction with...
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CRISPR/Cas genome editing in human disease models and the translation into therapies
Faltínová, Pavlína ; Krupková, Michaela (advisor) ; Šedová, Lucie (referee)
Rare diseases, as their name indicates, individually affect only a low number of people around the world. Due to their low prevalence, finding appropriate therapy is very difficult. Insufficient understanding of the molecular causalities and mechanisms accompanying these disorders and the inability to conduct clinical studies to the usual extent due to the low occurrence of rare diseases belong to the main problems hindering the development of proper treatment. The creation of mouse models is a promising way to solve these difficulties since mice have numerous qualities necessary for modelling human diseases. CRISPR/Cas9 enables scientists to make precise changes in the genome by employing Cas9 nuclease which creates double-strand breaks in the DNA after the specifically designed guide RNA leads it to the site of interest. If the sequence of the chosen site is known, the possible edits can be installed almost anywhere in the genome and, moreover, their repertoire is practically endless. The use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology proved to be perfect for creating mouse models of rare diseases as most of these disorders are caused by genetic mutations that this method is fully capable of mimicking. This thesis focuses on strategies used in creating such mouse models with the CRISPR/Cas9 system and...
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Czech Education Panel Survey – Report from the First Wave of Data Collection
Kudrnáč, Aleš ; Spitzerová, Markéta ; Hanzlová, Radka ; Petrúšek, Ivan ; Aslan, Katarína ; Bocskor, Ákos
This research report presents data from the Czech Education Panel Survey (CZEPS) conducted in autumn 2023. The focus is on how first-year male and female students perceive themselves, their academic aspirations, their relationship to school and their level of critical thinking they come to each type of secondary school. Based on responses from more than 22 thousands students from 249 schools participating in the first wave, in this report we focused on outcomes in the areas of wellbeing, choice of secondary school, sense of belonging to school, critical thinking test results and the situation of ethnic minorities.
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Basic characteristics of sulfide catalysts for the direct decomposition of H2S
Bonnet, Florian ; Kaluža, Luděk
Sulfide catalysts are crucial in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of petroleum fractions, facilitating the hydrogenolysis of carbon-sulfur bonds. This process generates significant volumes of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is typically processed in the Claus unit. However, excess H2S can overwhelm the Claus process, creating both operational and environmental challenges. Researchers are now exploring sulfide catalysts for the direct thermo-catalytic decomposition of H2S to address this issue. Supported catalysts, like Mo/Al2O3, and commercial catalysts, considered typical monolayer-type well-dispersed catalysts, show the highest O2 uptake, ranging from 41.29 μmol/g for MoS2/Al2O3 (KLO) to 58.70 μmol/g for the commercial 715. Unsupported multilayer catalysts, such as Ni/MoWS2 (KKP), exhibit lower O2 uptake at 2.54 μmol/g, though it demonstrates high HDS activity with thiophene. Moreover, O2 uptake effectively describes the sintering of the Mo monolayer phase during the thermocatalytic reaction of H2S at 800°C. These O2 uptakes clearly correlate with the XRD patterns, where the MoS2 phase is X-ray amorphous with an O2 uptake of about 19.04 μmol/g, while the MoS2 phase in the spent catalyst shows certain crystallinity exhibiting an average particle size by Scherrer equation of about 6 nm and the O2 uptake of 1.63 μmol/g. O2 chemisorption thus serves as a valuable measure of the dispersion of Mo sulfides. The results obtain with the study of CoMo/Al2O3 (KJJ-family catalysts), highlight the correlation between the increasing amount of adsorbed O2 with the increasing nominal loading of MoO3 and the increasing rate constant of thiophene kTH. This research reveals the potential of these catalysts in hydrocarbon refining. The findings underline the connection between catalytic chemistry, process engineering, and environmental sustainability, with the objective to enhance industrial refining processes.
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Entrepreneurship during pandemics and crises in the context of gender inequalities. Policy brief.
Švarcová, Markéta ; Pospíšilová, Marie
Whether the pandemic can be perceived as an opportunity to reduce gender inequality in entrepreneurship was the main question of the participatory workshop that we organized at the Institute of Sociology on March 13, 2024. The discussion during the participatory workshop focused on the barriers that women entrepreneurs face, the tools they can use to overcome them, the introduction of a attendance allowance for entrepreneurs, and the availability and usability of gender-disaggregated data. This policy brief write down the views of relevant stakeholders in the business sector on the topic of eliminating gender inequalities in the entrepreneurship that were expressed during the workshop.
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