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Mortgage lending and credit risk: Micro-level data analysis
Vachušková, Karolína ; Geršl, Adam (advisor) ; Jakubík, Petr (referee)
This thesis examines the effects of the debt service-to-income ratio (DSTI), debt-to-income ratio (DTI), and loan-to-value ratio (LTV) on credit risk. The dataset includes monthly loan-level data from around 250 thousand mortgages in the Czech Republic from July 2013 to July 2023. Using logit regressions, we confirm a positive effect of the level of DSTI, DTI and LTV on loan delinquency. Furthermore, we discover that the effects of these key lending variables are heterogeneous depending on the income and wealth classes as well as on the region of the client. Other explanatory variables align with general assumptions: a higher level of education, number of co-debtors, and GDP growth reduces the risk, whereas a higher interest rate increases the probability of delinquency. The thesis contributes to the debate on how effective macroprudential policy instruments using caps on DTI, DSTI and LTV are at employing a unique dataset. Keywords mortgage loans, credit risk, DSTI, LTV, microdata, Czech banking sector 1
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Neighbour's rights and their protection in the theory and practice in context with the selected European legislation
Šmat, Ondřej ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee) ; Psutka, Jindřich (referee)
Neighbour's rights and their protection in the theory and practice in context with the selected European legislation Abstract The main goal of this thesis is the complex description of the neighbour's rights and their protection in the effective Czech civil code. The wide variety of rules and regulations, which historically serve as specific limitations of proprietor's rights between persons who can be called neighbours, is comprehensively described in the five chapters of this work. The thesis emphasizes the historical elements of the topics, as well as current effective laws and regulations, which are nowadays based mainly upon historical traditions of Roman law, which was the main inspirational source for the ABGB, the last similar civil code effective in the time of The First Czechoslovak republic. The effective civil code significantly changed the system and depiction of the neighbour's rights and to a great extent surpasses previous conception of the civil codes effective from 1. 1. 1950 to 31. 12. 2013. The most important changes are bound with the broad extension of the protection of the neighbour's rights and significant clarification of its system in the current effective civil code. Furthermore, many institutes of the protection of the neighbour's rights have returned into the Czech civil code...
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Attitudes of Philippines and Vietnam on China's geopolitical activities in the South China Sea
Mlíková, Anna ; Horálek, Adam (advisor) ; Šebok, Filip (referee)
This thesis examines the attitudes of the Philippines and Vietnam towards China's geopolitical activities in the South China Sea between 2013 and 2023. The thesis aims to analyse the attitudes of the Philippines and Vietnam with an emphasis on the official policy discourse of both countries. Through critical discursive and content analysis, the evolution of their attitudes and responses to Chinese activities in the region is examined. Drawing on the theoretical framework of geopolitics, specifically classical and critical geopolitics, the thesis places contemporary territorial disputes in historical context and explains the geo-economic and geostrategic significance of the South China Sea. The thesis results show that the attitudes of both the Philippines and Vietnam have evolved over the period 2013-2023. Both countries were highly critical of Chinese activities in the first half of the period under review and gradually shifted to a more conciliatory stance and sought dialogue with China. However, both countries continued to assert their claims and sovereignty over the disputed areas. The analysis also showed that the official political discourse of both countries reflected their efforts to maintain a balance between protecting their interests and maintaining good relations with China. Keywords:...
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Creating a Python-based Automated System for Recognizing Emotions from Facial Expressions.
Zima, Samuel ; Malik, Aamir Saeed (referee) ; Hussain, Yasir (advisor)
Táto práca skúma rozpoznávanie výrazu tváre (angl. facial expression recognition - FER) pomocou hlbokého učenia so zameraním na použitie v zariadeniach s obmedzenou pamäťou a výpočtovými zdrojmi. Začína výskumom emócií a výrazov tváre z psychologického, biologického a sociologického hľadiska. Jadro výskumu tvorí návrh a implementácia automatizovaného systému pre FER s použitím súboru dát FER-2013. Tento systém využíva prispôsobenú architektúru SqueezeNet rozšírenú o jednoduchý obchvat, vrstvy náhodného odpadu neurónov a vrstvy dávkovej normalizácie. Tento systém dosahuje na súbore dát FER-2013 presnosť 66,37 %. Pre porovnávaciu analýzu sa tento model porovnal s upravenou architektúrou VGG16, ktorá dosiahla presnosť 65,09 %. Táto práca poskytuje cenné poznatky o vývoji menších, efektívnejších modelov strojového učenia pre FER, ktoré sú použiteľné pre široké spektrum zariadení vrátane nízkovýkonných procesorov a vstavaných zariadení.
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The revision of the cadastre data in the cadastral unit of Hajany
Leksová, Veronika ; Malcová, Lenka (referee) ; Berková, Alena (advisor)
The aim of the work on The revision of the cadastre data in the cadastral unit of Hajany is to find as many inconsistencies as possible between the actual situation in the field and the data registered in the cadastral register. The revision was carried out in accordance with Section 35 of Act No. 256/2013 Coll. on the Cadastre of Real Estate (Cadastral Act) and Section 43 of Decree No. 357/2013 Coll. on the Land Registry (Cadastral Decree). The identified inconsistencies were further divided into significant and insignificant inconsistencies. Proposals for elimination of selected inconsistencies are an integral part of the work. The result of the work is the preparation of annexes to the protocol on the result of the review of the found inconsistencies together with a graphic drawing in the copy of the cadastral map.
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The relationship between social identity, belonging, and motivation in the decision-making process of dropping out within one year of starting university studies among first-generation students
Ambrušová, Orsolya ; Machovcová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Škanderová, Taťána (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is dedicated to the study of first-generation students who decided to drop out of university within one year of starting their studies. The aim is to examine the reasons that led them to make this decision, the positive aspects of their studies and their subsequent completion and, finally, to identify the key moments and barriers to continuing their studies at university. The theoretical part of the thesis examines social identity, the phenomenon of belonging, motivation and support from family and the university. In addition, the harmonisation of work and study habits and the occurrence of imposter syndrome among first-generation students are discussed. The empirical part describes the qualitative research from the research problem to the methods of data interpretation. Nine respondents participated in the research and the qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, then analysed and interpreted using the method of reflexive thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2013). The findings show that the reasons for dropping out of higher education are many and varied. These include a fading sense of belonging, a search for stability in life and financial optimism. Furthermore, there was a discrepancy between the idealised image of university life and its real...
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Prevention and therapy of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
Polívková, Sylvia ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Krbková, Lenka (referee) ; Rožnovský, Luděk (referee)
Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common nosocomial gastrointestinal infection, it is associated with antibiotic use and due to the spread of epidemic strains of C. difficile, there are differences in the course and severity of the disease. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with CDI, to perform molecular analysis of isolates , and then to correlate CDI course and treatment outcomes with the causative ribotypes. Furthermore, the efficacy of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of CDI was evaluated with the severity and number of CDI episodes. Methods: The observational cohort study was conducted in 2013-2016 at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Bulovka University Hospital in Prague. Patients with laboratory-confirmed CDI were included in the study. C. difficile isolates were characterized by ribotyping, multiple variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and examination of antibiotic resistance determinants (mutations in gyrA, gyrB, rpoB genes or the presence of ermB). Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic regimens (metronidazole, vancomycin, combination of vancomycin and metronidazole, fidaxomicin). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the number and severity of CDI episodes. Results: A...
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Fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency
Štěpánek, Matěj ; Hřebejk, Jiří (advisor) ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
1 Fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency Abstract The subject of this thesis is a description of the institute of the state of emergency and its impact on specific fundamental human rights and freedoms defined in Section 5 of Act No. 240/2000 Coll. on Crisis Management (Crisis Act). The first chapter compares the state of emergency with the state of war, state of national emergency, state of danger and state of pandemic emergency. It also includes a discussion of the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the Pandemic Act and concludes with a historical perspective on states of emergency. The second chapter discusses each case of state of emergency - the 2002 floods, the 2006 floods, Hurricane Kyrill 2007, the 2013 floods, the covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine. For specific states of emergency, the reason for their declaration and a list of the fundamental rights that have been restricted are described. The third chapter describes the instruments that interfere with fundamental rights and freedoms, of which the most space is devoted to government crisis measures, including a discussion of their substantive nature and the related judicial review. The subsection on emergency measures of the Ministry of Health elaborates on the principle of reservation of the law enshrined in...
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Timepix Detector in Space Applications and Radiation Belt Dynamics Observed at Low Altitudes
Gohl, Stefan ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Taubenschuss, Ulrich (referee) ; Bourdarie, Sébastien (referee)
Radiace v kosmickém prostředí je škodlivá jak pro družice, tak pro zdraví astronautů. Pro měření její úrovně na družicích se využívají radiační monitory, které optimálně s malými nároky poskytují vysokou kvalitu dat. Dále je studována komplexní odezva mag- netosférického systému na události kosmického počasí. V roce 2013 byl na palubě družice Proba-V vypuštěn radiační monitor SATRAM (Space Application of Timepix Radia- tion Monitor). První část práce demonstruje možnosti tohoto jednovrstvého Timepix detektoru. Jsou prezentovány metody pro rozlišení elektronů, protonů a těžších částic a vyhodnoceny příslušné toky energetických částic. Tyto jsou srovnány s toky měřenými přístrojem EPT (Energetic Particle Telescope) na palubě stejné družice a je ukázána do- brá shoda. Druhá část práce se zabývá studiem variací toků energetických částic v době geomagnetických bouří a průchodu meziplanetárních rázových vln. Je studováno pět výz- načných geomagnetických bouří (Dst < −100 nT) s využitím přístroje IDP (Instrument for the Detection of Particle) na palubě družice DEMETER. Analýza uvažuje odpovída- jící parametry slunečního větru a demonstruje dva odlišné typy geomagnetických bouří. Data z přístroje EPT jsou dále využita ke studiu změn toků energetických elektronů v době průchodu meziplanetárních rázových vln. Je...
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