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Prevalence and patterns of kratom use in the Czech population and risk of loss of controlled use over time: cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Koktavá, Kristýna ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
Background: In recent years, the rate of kratom use has been increasing in the Czech Republic. It is a psychoactive substance of plant origin, the availability of which is not yet regulated by law in the Czech Republic, which causes easy availability even for minors. Different patterns of kratom use are described, and it is not clear to what extent problematic use or addiction develops. Objectives: The main objectives of this work were to map the use and effects of kratom use in the Czech population and to analyze the occurrence of different patterns of kratom use and whether, or to what extent, there is a loss of control during kratom use. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted. The research group consisted of persons older than 18 years living in the territory of the Czech Republic who have experience of using kratom, selected by non-probability sampling on social networks. Groups and forums bringing together people with experience with kratom were used for recruitment, and the snowball method was used, when some respondents shared the invitation further among their contacts. Results: 331 respondents completed the questionnaire. The research population consists of 259 respondents who reported using kratom at some point in their life, the majority of whom were men...
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Prevalence of kratom use among upper grammar school students in the Zlín region: questionnaire survey
Bačková, Marcela ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Jandáč, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: Kratom is a psychoactive substance made from the tropical tree Mitragyna speciosa, which is native to Southeast Asia. Today, it is already widespread throughout the world, mainly due to its paradoxically biphasic properties -stimulant and analgesic. In the Czech Republic, kratom is not regulated in any way, so it is easily available for all ages. This makes it attractive to a population of young people, including high school students. Objectives: The main objective was to find out the prevalence of kratom use among the students of the selected high school. Another objective was to find out the most common reasons for kratom use. The last objective was to examine the consequences associated with kratom use in the research population. Methods: Quantitative research was used to obtain the data. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire survey on a paid version of the Survio.com platform. For the research, the management of a selected upper secondary school in the Zlín region was contacted and agreed to conduct the research among students over 15 years of age (first, second, third and fourth years of a four-year secondary school and students of the quint, sexta, septima and octave of an eight-year secondary school). The Survio.com platform was used to collect the...
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Patterns of heated tobacco products usage among women: qualitative research
Prokešová, Miroslava ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Kočvarová, Linda (referee)
Introduction: A relatively new trend that has been gaining popularity in recent years is heated tobacco, which has been on the Czech market since 2017. Although the number of users of heated tobacco products in the Czech Republic is increasing, the phenomenon is still relatively under-mapped. There is also very little information on the gender specificities of the use of heated tobacco. Therefore, this study focuses on mapping and describing the patterns of use of heated tobacco products among women who have switched from using conventional cigarettes to heated tobacco products. Aims: The main aim of the research is to map the patterns of use of heated tobacco products among chosen women in the adult population of tobacco users in the Czech Republic. The sub-objectives are to describe the nature of heated tobacco product, find out what motivated female users to switch to heated tobacco products. And what are the typical situations when women use the device. Sample: the research sample was selected by simple intentional (purposive) sampling method, combined with snowball sampling method. The final sample consisted of 7 female respondents. The mean age was 25,7 years (youngest 21 years and oldest 34 years). Methods: The research was conducted using a qualitative method. Data was collected by...
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Experience of the use of nicotine pouches among the student of secondary grammar school
Kolomazník, Lukáš ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, the tobacco industry has begun innovating novele new nicotine product categories. These include nicotine pouches. These are beginning to appeal particularly to the youth population, which may include secondary grammar school students. Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the experiences of high school students in the Pardubice Region with the use of nicotine pouches. A sub-objective was to determine the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine product use among secondary grammar school students. Methods: Quantitative research was used to obtain the data. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The management of the Secondary Grammar School Dašická in Pardubice was approached for the research and agreed to conduct the research among students over 15 years of age. The research was conducted successively in all 16 classes, mostly during the Social Studies classes. Students completed the survey on their smart devices. The questionnaire was divided into four parts. The first part of the questionnaire mapped basic information about the respondents (age, gender, grade), the second part addressed students' awareness of nicotine pouches, the third part mapped the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine pouches use, and...
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Patterns of polysubstance, alcohol and cocaine, use in nightlife setting: Qualitative research
Kazdová, Lucie ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: There is currently an upward trend in the availability and use of cocaine within the European Union. Among recreational users, it is consumed mainly in night-life settings where alcohol is traditionally consumed. Alcohol and cocaine are thus often used simultaneously by nightclubbers which carries significant risks. These users also constitute a 'hidden population'whose characteristics and patterns ofuse havenot yet been sufficiently described. Aims: The aim of the research was to map and describe patterns of concurrent alcohol and cocaine use among selected nightlife participants, providing background information on the context of their use. A sub-objective was to assess the level of risk of alcohol and cocaine use based on respondents' experiences and behaviours in nightlife settings. Methods: Respondents were recruited through social networks and directly in the nightlife environment. Methodologically, it was a combination of non-probabilistic methods of selecting the research population (self-selection, purposive sampling and snowball sampling). The research sample consisted of 14 respondents with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted by several interviewers (triangulation of researchers). The data were analysed by coding them and then creating so-called clusters and...
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Patterns of kratom use among regular users: qualitative analysis
Kunová, Vendula ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: Kratom is becoming a more famous psychoactive substance in the Czech Republic. However the research fields is not that fast as its use so there are not many studies in czech describing kratom or its use across his users. Aim: The aim of this master thesis is to findout patterns of drug use in regular useres from age 15 - 34.. Sample: The sample for this study is respondents aged 15 - 34 (young adults). The sample consisted of 10 respondents, 5 were women and 5 were men. The average age of the respondents was 27.2 years. The grat majority of respondents (N=9) are working and the last respondent (N=1) is still a student. Methods: Target group is selected by snowball sampling method. Data will be obtained through semi-structured interview and screenings questionnaires. The method of pattern formula and tuft creation method will be used to analyze collected data. We assume that the result of the work will be not only findinng patterns of kratom use, a description of its addiction or possible withdrawal syndrome, but also the elaboration of professional text Results: Respondents use kratom at least once a week, but their frequency and amount of the substance varies. Those who use kratom only once a day use 2,5 - 3 g. Those who use it 2 - 4 times a day consume a dose of 7,5 - 20 g. Users...
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Patterns of substance use during the lockdown in young adult recreational dance drug users
Kováčová, Tereza ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
Background: Recreational use of dance drugs is situated mainly on the premises of dance clubs and bars. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, all these areas were suddenly closed. Quantitative foreign studies show changes in patterns of use among recreational users of dance drugs, but in the Czech Republic, this subpopulation of users is not sufficiently described and monitored. Aim: The main aim of the research was to describe patterns of substance use among young adult recreational users of dance drugs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The second objective was to find out whether dance drug users would return to the original patterns of use they had before the Covid-19 pandemic after the measures were revoked. Research file: The research file was obtained by the snowball method and consisted of 3 women and 6 men aged 21-30 years. Methods: A qualitative form of research was used for the diploma thesis with the help of semi- structured interviews and the DAST questionnaire. The research was longitudinal, the interviews took place in three waves. The first research wave in November 2020, the second in June 2021, and the third in November 2021. The data analysis was performed by open and axial coding. Results: The results showed the impact of epidemic measures during the pandemic, especially on the...
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Problem drug use in the Prague's quarter without functioning specialised harm reduction programme
Jičinská, Lucie ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
The bachelor paper undertakes a topic of problem drug use, it's development, nature, range of consequences for individuals and the society. It's focused onrecentsituation inproblem drug use in the Czech Republic and Prague, onwork of low-threshold services for problem drug users, drug policy of capital city and particular part of the city. The aim of the research was to analyse the situation of problem drug use in Prague's quarter Michle, where no specialized low-threshold program for drug users is operating. The intention was to find out whether problem drug use exists in the area, what is it's prevalence, patterns, specifics, and whether the low-threshold program is needed. The Rapid Assessment and Response methodologywas used as a method of data collection and analysis - analysis of available data and materials (annual reports of organizations, materials of Prague drug policy) and semi-structured interviews with key informants (problem drug users, representatives of institutions, workers of Prague low-threshold services, locals and informants in the service sector). The views of the overwhelming majority of respondents agree, support and complement each other. Problem drug use is occurring in the Michle district and has its own characteristics (a high proportion of users of buprenorphine, less...
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Methamphetamine use among clients visiting the contact centers in Prague.
Provazníková, Radka ; Reichelová, Lenka (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
AIMS: The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to describe drug-using related behavior patterns of clients of low-treshold facilities in Prague. The thesis is particularly focused on the methamphetamine users. SAMPLE GROUP: The sample group included 58 clients of three Prague contact centers (Sananim, Progressive and Drop-In). The main criteria of inclusion in the sample were the following: the subject visited at least one of the three contact centers in the period during which the study was conducted and they described themselves as mostly-methamphetamine users. Furthermore, clients who did not meet the EMCDDA definition of problem drug use were excluded. METHODS: Anonymous structured questionnaire was used in the survey. The questionnaire was designed solely for the purpose of this survey and the resulting dataset was analyzed by the means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to our results, most of problem methamphetamine users, who visit contact centers in Prague, use the drug regularly several times a week. The amount of the drug consumed by a typical problem methamphetamine user seems to be independent of the day of the week and time of the day. An average drug dose is approximately 0,29 grams and the average number of daily doses is two or three. Right before taking...
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