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Ethical questions in the work of radiation protection specialists
HÝBLOVÁ, Marie
This thesis deals with the ethical decision-making of radiation protection professionals in accordance with the Decree 422/2016 Coll. on Radiation Protection and the Atomic Act 263/2016 Coll. The aim of the thesis is to identify and specify the ethical problems encountered by radiation protection professionals (e.g. radiation protection officers, inspectors of the SNPP, etc.), to analyse ethical issues and dilemmas in this field and to find answers. The theoretical framework focuses on the concept of ethics, its development, history and a detailed description of the different ethical orientations. It then goes on to cover the basic ethical values in the radiation protection system, procedural ethical values, principles of radiation protection, protection from external exposure, monitoring, incidents, accidents and their assessment, preparedness and response. The radiation protection chapter also includes a description of the infrastructure of the radiation protection system. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes a description of organisations dealing with radiation protection in the Czech Republic and organisations dealing with radiation protection in the world context. The empirical research was conducted through a questionnaire survey and structured interviews that were completed by radiation protection personnel. The research results were evaluated using qualitative methods. The research questions were designed by asking respondents about their attitudes towards ethical issues in radiation protection and their experiences and views on aspects of working in this field. The research results were then interpreted to analyse the ethical issues and dilemmas faced by radiation protection professionals in their work. The thesis focuses on identifying key aspects of ethical decision-making in radiation protection and explores ways to improve current practices and policies. Subsequent results provide important insights into professionals' attitudes towards ethical issues. The conclusion of the research highlights that radiation protection requires an integrated approach that respects the diverse approaches of professionals in this field. Transparent communication and public participation are key to successful radiation protection strategies.
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Investigation of Ionizing Radiation Infuence to the Communication Systems of Satellites
Golubev, Martin ; Kubíček, Michal (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This master thesis discuss about ionizing radiation, interaction with matter and effects on her. In the work is discussed differend types of interactions of directly ionizing radiation and indirectly ionizing radiation. Below is an overview of methods of shielding from all of types of ionizing radiation. Second part of this thesis discuss about single event effects in semiconductors which are cause by ionizing radiation. At the end is described design of measuring instrument included FPGA chips. This design is discused both from point of wiew hardware and software too.
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The radio therapy process planning
Slavíček, Tomáš ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Hrozek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis aims to bring reader to the problems of radiotherapy, to give him an overview of basic principles and methods used to treat patients with cancer by ionizing radiation. The first part is devoted to the physical description of radiation and means of quantification. Interactions of radiation with matter are discussed next following with characterization of radiation effects on living cells and tissues. In the next part there is a description of the devices used in the treatment by ionizing radiation and an explanation of the various acts of patient's preparation from the target localization to irradiation. The final chapter describes created program with a graphical environment, which includes the key elements of commercial planning systems for the creation of the irradiation plan. This program uses real CT images and provides the user a basic idea of creating radiotherapeutic plan. The user has several functions for creating and optimizing the plan. The output of the program is a graphical representation of the spatial distribution of dose in the patient's body.
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Methods of radioactive radiation measurement
Šugra, Marián ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
This thesis includes a survey of radiation measurement. It describes principle of methodes for it´s measuring with their principle together. Fixates at methods uses on medical workstations. A general nucleus of this thesis is proposition quantimeter with Geiger Muller´s tube. Contains terms at single quires of quantimeter. This equipment is powered by battery and it is assigned for some medical premises. This device will be signalized overrun beforehand adjusted value.
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Radiotherapy planning
Požár, Pavel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of characteristics of ionising radiation. The equipments used for irradiation of pathologic findings are described. The thesis contains particular stages of planning algorithm with list of individual actions. Practical part contains a description of application made for irradiation simulation which includes brief explanation of working procedure with program. It also contains a description of individual functions of this application.
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Analytical methods applied for the evaluation of environmental contamination by uranium ore mining
Bílek, Jiří ; Holubová, Zuzana (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the testing procedures used in monitoring of environmental contamination after uranium ore mining in the uranium mine in Dolní Rožínka. It deals with the determination of radioactive elements radium, uranium and radon. The methods used for the determination of radioactive elements in mine laboratory in Dolní Rožínka are described. The thesis also mentions other applicable methods for determination of uranium. The metods of determination of manganese, iron and other metallic elements are also summarized in brief.The values of concentrations of monitored analytes in selected locations are presented at the end of the thesis. These values, which were provided by laboratories in Dolní Rožínka, are valid for 2010.
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Radiotherapy
Šipka, Petr ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, with its effects on a biological tissues and with types of ionizing radiations used in a therapy. It deals with a medical procedures in therapy planning and with procedures during therapy itself. Part of this Bachelor’s thesis is an application Radiation Calculator processed in MatLab software. Application is modeling the resulting radiation field while setting various parameters.
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Investigation of Ionizing Radiation Infuence to the Communication Systems of Satellites
Golubev, Martin ; Hobst, Leonard (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This master thesis discuss about ionizing radiation, interaction with matter and effects on her. In the work is discussed differend types of interactions of directly ionizing radiation and indirectly ionizing radiation. Below is an overview of methods of shielding from all of types of ionizing radiation. Second part of this thesis discuss about single event effects in semiconductors which are cause by ionizing radiation. At the end is described design of measuring instrument included FPGA chips. This design is discused both from point of wiew hardware and software too.
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Estimation of the Point Radiation Source Activity Based on the Airborne Spectrometry
Jurečka, Tomáš ; Chromý, Adam (referee) ; Lázna, Tomáš (advisor)
The thesis deals with the localization of gamma-ray source and an estimation of its radiation activity with airborne spectrometry. In the theoretical parts are presented the types of ionizing radiation, the principles of measurement of gamma-ray by scintillation detectors and the explanation of airborne spectrometry. A revision of algorithms for data processing from aviation spectrometry was performed. In the practical part, the sensitivity of scintillation counter was determined depending on the height above the calibrated source. The mathematical methods for locating and estimating activity of the searched emitter were verified.
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Semiconductor utilization for the capture of ionizing radiation
Klus, Roman ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce popisuje typy a vlastnosti nukleárních článků a analyzuje vzájemné působení ionizujícího záření a polovodičů. Polovodičové nukleární články jsou stroje, které přeměňují energii ionizujícího záření na elektřinu, detektory využívají polovodičové materiály k měření veličin. Součástí tohoto projektu je popis ionizujícího záření, polovodičů, nukleárních článků a detektorů. Následně je popsán betavoltaický nukleární článek a jeho součásti. Je realizováno měření polovodičového nukleárního článku a je proveden rozbor potvrzující pravdivost teoretických poznatků.
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