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Study of intestinal transporters and their role in drug absorption
Huličiak, Martin ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee) ; Chládek, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Training Workplace Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Doctoral Degree Program Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Martin Huliciak Supervisor Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lukas Cerveny, PhD. Advisor PharmDr. Ivan Vokral, PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of intestinal transporters and their role in drug absorption Oral drug administration is a widely accepted method due to its convenience and cost- effectiveness, with the small intestine playing a crucial role in drug absorption, thus affecting bioavailability and serving as a potential site for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Efflux drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), along with metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) at the intestinal barrier, significantly contribute to DDIs. Risk factors for DDIs include comorbidities, advanced age, and polypharmacotherapy. People living with HIV requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART) are particularly susceptible to DDIs, especially when co-infected with HCV. Antivirals, commonly used in ART and in the treatment of HCV infection, can interact with efflux transporters and CYP enzymes, affecting drug efficacy and safety. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the DDIs of...
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CO2 capture in a spray column using different atomization techniques
Klíma, Petr ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Malý, Milan (advisor)
Carbon dioxide capture (CO2) can be a key step in the fight against global climate change. One of the promising tehcnologies for CO2 capture is the spray column. This diploma thesis investigated its potential through a review of available literature and laboratory experiments. Specifically, the work included an overview of absorbents and nozzles. Furthermore, research was conducted on the geometric and operational parameters of spray columns and other similar devices used for CO2 absorption and desorption. These findings led to the construction of a spray column and the execution of experiments. The effect of the type of nozzle used, as well as the effect of CO2 concentration in the supplied gas, the effect of atomization pressure and the effect of temperature on the absorption efficiency in the spray column were investigated. Regeneration experiments were also carried out in a spray column and then on a smaller scale in a steel cylindrical vessel.
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Preparation and characterization of optically active nanorods
Gaizura, Filip ; Liška, Petr (referee) ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor)
This work focuses on the qualitative study of the preparation and optical characterization of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanorods. The first part contains a brief description of 3D, 2D and 0D perovskite nanostructures, and then focuses on the description of the 1D structure - perovskite nanorods, their possible crystal structures, stability, possible preparation methods, optical properties and use in various optoelectronic devices. The practical part discusses in detail the preparation of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanorods using colloidal synthesis based on ligand-assisted reprecipitation and chemical division at room temperature. Furthermore, the synthesized nanorods are analyzed for morphology and their absorption and photoluminescence spectra are measured with the aim of verifying the dependence of optical properties on the mentioned morphology.
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Energy balance of the UWC link
Bartoň, Jan ; Látal,, Jan (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
Tato semestrální práce je zaměřená na popis šíření optického svazku podvodním prostředím se zaměřením na vliv turbulentního proudění na odsměrování svazku. V první části práce je poskytnut popis vlastností podvodního prostředí a jejich vliv na optický svazek. V druhé části jsou prezentovány metody použitelné pro výpočet útlumu podvodního prostředí, zaměřující se na popis turbulentního prostředí. Ve třetí části je představena softwarová implementace algoritmu popsaného ve druhé části. Výsledkem práce je postup výpočtu síření optického svazku podvodním prostředím a jeho softwarová implementace.
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The effect of optical fiber attenuation on the capacity of optical traces
Žák, Ondřej ; Škorpil, Vladislav (referee) ; Reichert, Pavel (advisor)
The essence of this thesis is the creation of complex insight on optic fibre attenuation. There is successive steps explained mechanism of optical attenuation and characterized its spectral dependence. We are describing primary elements of optical attenuation, its sorts and their own spectral dependence. Bachelor´s thesis is explaining requirements of transmission system to spectral characteristic optic fibre and influence of optic fibre attenuation on capacity of optical trace. Output of bachelor´s thesis is program solution of designed mathematical model for calcula-tion spectral dependence of optical attenuation. Program is realized in MATLAB and there is furthermore added version in Microsoft Office 1997-2003. Created program is able to ap-proximate points data obtained from measurement of optic fibre by using Lagrange interpola-tion polynomial and Rayleigh scatter interlay.
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Design of optoelectronic sensor for biological tissues
Balík, Zdeněk ; Bartlová, Milada (referee) ; Tománek, Pavel (advisor)
Biological tissues are optically inhomogeneous and absorbent materials. They are comprised of various structures such as cells, cell organelles, and various fiber structures. Due to these structures leads to different interactions with the light and phenomena such as absorption, scattering and polarization of light. Different ultrasonic, electromagnetic, electrical and optical methods are used for meat ageing detection. Muscles are turbid anisotropic media, they exhibit changes in electrical and optical properties according to the direction of the electrical and optical fields in the sample. The diploma work assesses the feasibility of impedance measurements for meat ageing detection and their comparison with optical measurement of scattered polarized light. Two different sample were used: pork chop slices and chicken breasts were used for their relative homogeneity. The electrical method is a promising method due to the possibility of getting much information and realizing cheap and fast enough measurement systems. The proposed optical method allows measure the rotation of polarization plane with meat ageing in the range of 95 degrees within considered period. Through the first promising results obtained in this thesis, a further work has to be provided to determine closer relationship between optical scattering characteristics, electrical anisotropy in ageing-related tissue structural properties.
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Free-Space Optics data link
Šála, Jakub ; Číž, Radim (referee) ; Šporik, Jan (advisor)
In this thesis, shows a current issue for free space optics, limiting their use in practice with regard to the availability and reliability. They conducted measurements on wireless optical links and the observed values is calculated by the availability of the connection. Subsequently, measurements are performed on alternate versions of wireless and copper connections. Observed values were compared with a wireless optical link. It is made of optical design of wireless connections at home.
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Development of a Fluid Curtain for Gaseous Exhalations Absorption
Krištof, Ondřej ; Fekete, Roman (referee) ; Lapčík,, Lubomír (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
The dissertation thesis deals with the application of absorption methods for the separation of gaseous pollutants from polluted gaseous mixtures using a pilot plant scrubber. The efficiency of the gaseous pollutant removal was determined based on the hydrodynamic distribution of fluids inside the spray chamber. A TF-28 150 spiral nozzle, which was used to spray the absorption liquid, was experimentally characterized. Specifically, the pressure impact pattern of the liquid produced by the nozzle was investigated using intrusive methods and the effective spray angles, the modes of primary and secondary atomization, the droplet size and liquid velocity distributions were determined using non-intrusive optical methods. Numerical simulations of flow of model gas phase inside the sprinkler head and spraying of the liquid through the spiral nozzle were also carried out. The obtained data can be applied to estimate the interface area and together with the determination of the coefficient of total mass transfer thus define the kinetics of chemisorption for a given absorbent/absorbate combination.
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Biogas cleaning to substitute natural gas quality
Němec, Jan ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
This work deals with methods of biogas cleaning to natural gas quality for further use. The introduction is focused on technologies for biogas treatment and biogas management for current situation in the Czech Republic. In the main chapter there is a water scrubber technology design and calculation of the absorption column for the conditions given. A simulation model and preliminary economic balance were then developed on the obtained data.
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Simulation of dose distribution irradiation
Večeřa, Petr ; Hlaváč, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This project deals with the issue of simulation of dose irradiation. This principle is used in a radiotherapeutic device known as a Leksell Gamma Knife for the treatment of intracranial tumours. With regard to the theoretical observations obtained by studying this device, the project suggests the use of analytical geometry for the creation of a mathematical model for calculation of the intensity in the rayed area. A demonstration program Leksell_xvecer08 has been created for this model in a MatLab software background, which enables the user to change various input arguments and simulate a picture of the dosage spread in the target scanned areas.
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