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Legal Aspects of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT)
Konečný, Jaroslav ; Holcová, Irena (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the individual legal aspects of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) phenomenon in terms of current and upcoming legislation. The diploma thesis documents the technological aspects of this phenomenon and its legal specifics and then identifies and interprets the application of legal frameworks that currently affect its use. These include the legal qualification of NFT, aspects of consumer protection and aspects of copyright law. The text of the diploma thesis contains a theoretical assessment to the extent necessary for the purposes of further analysis of the phenomenon.
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Legal aspects of Play-to-Earn (P2E) as a revenue-generating activity
Vyskočil, Jakub ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
PRÁVNÍ ASPEKTY PLAY-TO-EARN (P2E) JAKO VÝDĚLEČNÉ ČINNOSTI 5 Abstract This thesis focuses on the legal qualification of a new business model of video games, which, in contrast to the traditional conception of video game entertainment as a recreational activity, promises players the possibility of achieving a stable income. This model has come to be known in the industry as "play-to-earn" (P2E), where the earning mechanism is implemented di- rectly in the source code of the video game. Unlike professional video game play for financial reward, known as e-sports, the P2E model is based on re- warding through the automatic generation of crypto-assets (cryptocurren- cies or non-fungible tokens known as NFTs). The player is then able to trans- act with the assets thus acquired, including the resulting exchange into legal tender. The mechanism of the game runs automatically through smart con- tracts built on a blockchain. This thesis examines this phenomenon from sev- eral legal aspects, in particular the issue of gambling, the upcoming Euro- pean regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) and related Czech tax issues. In order to identify gambling, selected P2E games are subjected to a thorough analysis in the second part of the thesis, with the following chapter dedicated to a discussion of the legislation de...
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Role of Central Bank Digital Currencies in Bridging the Formal-Informal Economy Divide in Developing Countries
Khaing, Pyae Soan ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (advisor) ; Kukačka, Jiří (referee)
Neformální ekonomika existovala mimo regulační rámce vedle formálních struktur. Přetrvává toto rozdělení, ve kterém se neformální ekonomika často vyznačuje svou neregulovaností, která omezuje výběr daní, finanční začleňování a sociální zabezpečení. Vzhledem k tomu, že vláda a finanční instituce většinou přehlížejí roli financí při formalizaci neformální ekonomiky, poslední trendy ukazují rostoucí uznání důležitosti formalizace prostřednictvím finančního začleňování. V této souvislosti se jednou z iniciativ staly digitální měny centrální banky (CBDC). Tato práce zkoumá roli CBDC při překlenutí propasti mezi formálními a neformálními ekonomikami v rozvojových zemích. Abychom porozuměli potenciálu, který CBDC přináší, zkoumá výzkum projekty CBDC na Bahamách, v Nigérii a v Číně pomocí kvalitativních metod a hodnotí je podle mezinárodních směrnic a rámců Banky pro mezinárodní platby (BIS) a Mezinárodního měnového fondu (MMF). . Výsledky ukazují, že CBDC mohou snížit neformálnost tím, že zjednoduší přístup k základním finančním službám, sníží transakční náklady a zvýší transparentnost mezi účastníky.
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Legal context and implications: analysis of blockchain regulation in selected jurisdictions
Bőhm, Erik ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
1 Legal context and implications: analysis of blockchain regulation in selected jurisdictions Abstract Blockchain technology has become a transformative force, offering transparency, security and efficiency across industries. However, its rapid growth brings regulatory challenges. This paper examines blockchain regulation, focusing on the European Union (EU) framework and comparative analysis with selected jurisdictions around the world. At the outset, the thesis seeks to clarify the basic concepts of blockchain and its regulatory implications. It tries to introduce the issues and frame the most important terms in a non- technical way. The thesis then examines EU legislation, including contemporary and forthcoming secondary regulations such as the Markets in Cryptoassets Regulation (MiCAR), and explores their objectives, challenges and implications for innovation and market participants. In addition, the paper conducts a comparative analysis of blockchain regulation in various jurisdictions, including the United States, the Cayman Islands and Singapore. By comparing regulatory regimes, it identifies trends, best practices, and ultimately a plethora of differences. It offers insight into regulatory preferences and implications for stakeholders, with an emphasis on business corporations and entrepreneurs in...
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Darkmarket Forensics
Dolejška, Daniel ; Grégr, Matěj (referee) ; Veselý, Vladimír (advisor)
Overlay networks (like Tor or I2P) create a suitable environment for criminality to thrive on the Internet. Dark marketplaces (a.k.a. cryptomarkets) are one such example of criminal activities. They act as an intermediary in the trade of illegal goods and services. This project focuses on forensic analysis of such web services and subsequent extraction of non-trivial information about the realised orders and payments from selected marketplaces. The main goal is to pinpoint the time interval when an order has been completed on selected marketplaces and its following correlation with cryptocurrency blockchains. The implemented program provides fully automated non-stop monitoring of selected cryptomarkets. That, under certain conditions, allows detection of realised purchases, detailed product and vendor monitoring and collection of various meta-data entries. Law enforcement agencies can use acquired data as support evidence regarding the operation of selected cryptomarkets and their vendors. The obtained information can also indicate current trends in products supply and demand.
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Using artificial intelligence to automate trading
Čermák, František ; Hůlka, Tomáš (referee) ; Matoušek, Radomil (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of artificial intelligence for automating stock trading. The main objective was to investigate current technologies applied in algorithmic trading and then to design and develop an automated trading system using artificial intelligence. The work focuses on various aspects of algorithmic trading, including high frequency trading, cloud solutions, machine learning, blockchain and smart contracts. It also explores the applications of AI in trading, such as predictive analytics and natural language processing, and discusses the ethical and regulatory challenges associated with this technology. The design and development of an automated trading system is described in detail, including system architecture, choice of programming languages and tools, and implementation of trading algorithms. The results show that the use of artificial intelligence can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of stock trading, but technological and ethical risks must be considered. This thesis makes a significant contribution to research in the field of algorithmic trading and provides a foundation for further research in optimizing trading algorithms and integrating new technologies.
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Discrete modeling of transaction propagation in Bitcoin
Marek, Tomáš ; Marek, Marcel (referee) ; Zavřel, Jan (advisor)
Technologie blockchain je stěžejním bodem fungování Bitcoinu. Cílem teoretické části této práce je popsat principy, na kterých je technologie blockchain založena a zároveň shromáždit informace o tom, jak jsou transakce šířeny v síti Bitcoin. Cílem praktické části je vytvořit model velmi zjednodušeného Bitcoin Core klienta, který umožňí vytvářet, posílat a přijímat transakce na základě propagačního algoritmu využívaného v síti Bitcoin. Model je následně spouštěn v simulačním prostředí a výsledky simulace jsou analyzovány s cílem určit zdrojový uzel transakce.
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Performance Evaluation of DoS Resistant Proof-of-Stake Protocols
Ponek, Timotej ; Homoliak, Ivan (referee) ; Perešíni, Martin (advisor)
Táto práca je zameraná na vyhodnotenie Proof of Stake protokolov Algorand, LaKSA a COPOR z pohľadu vlastností kľúčových pre blockchainy. Dôraz je kladený na teoretickú analýzu protokolov z pohľadu bezpečnosti, výkonnosti a schopnosti vysporiadať sa s útokom typu DoS na lídrov, ktorý sú zodpovedný za tvorbu blokov v jednotlivých kolách. Jednotlivé protokoly boli implementované a rozšírené o anonymizačnú vrstvu pre zmarenie útokov typuDoS na lídra, a ich výkonnosť bola otestovaná. V neposlednom rade sme poukázali na ďalšímožný smer vývoja nového protokolu COPOR.
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Mobile Application for Decentralized Elections
Pastushenko, Vladislav ; Perešíni, Martin (referee) ; Tamaškovič, Marek (advisor)
Tato práce popisuje vývoj decentralizované mobilní aplikace pro operační systém Android, která využívá protokol hlasování v zasedací místnosti založený na blockchainu. Článek popisuje motivaci k napsání práce, obecné pojmy spojené s vývojem decentralizovaných aplikací, popisuje plán vývoje, popisuje zvolené technologie, implementace a testování aplikace, zvláštnosti při práci s Flutterem při interakci s chytrými kontrakty Solidity.
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Use of blockchain technology for recording changes in cloud storage
Spolek, Jaroslav ; Malina, Lukáš (referee) ; Dzurenda, Petr (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis focuses on the design and implementation of a module to ensure data integrity on an existing cloud storage platform, Nextcloud. The theoretical part deals with issues related to the security of cloud storage services, and subsequently, it provides a general introduction to blockchain technology and its implementation in the form of Ethereum blockchain technology. Included are the basic principles of Ethereum blockchain technology and the principles of smart contracts. In the practical part, the design proposal, tools used during the implementation, and the implementation of the data integrity module utilising blockchain technology are presented. The results of the system testing are then analysed, and external influences and factors affecting the cost and operation of the module are identified. This analysis concludes with a proposal for future improvements addressing the current shortcomings of the module.
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