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Intermedia poetics (of landscape)
Jedličková, Alice
After surveying the current state of literary and cultural studies which may contribute to intermedia research, the author suggests a literature-centred intermedia poetics of landscape, involving inter-art concepts introduced by Mary Ann Caws, Tamar Yacobi and incentives for landscape observation as given by literary critics and art historians such as Malcolm Andrews and Michael Charlesworth. Particular aspects of the suggested poetics are illustrated by examples of analysis of Czech fiction (Karel Václav Rais, Alois Jirásek and Martin Fibiger).
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"And this here beetle". Attempts to depict Kafka's Metamorphosis in comics format
Jareš, Michal
This study deals with several attempts to depict Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis (1915) in a comics format. The first recalls the historical context in illustrations of Gregor Samsa. In the three selected comics cases the treatment shows gestures and additional explanations of some things, which are sometimes too literal. All three authors are artists from alternative comics. Two Americans, Robert Crumb and Peter Kuper, are complemented by an attempt by the Czech comics creator, Václav Gatarik. By means of a detailed comparison of some key scenes in Kafka’s story we attempt to show the issues behind the comics treatment.
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The role of the beholder in ekphrasis
Fedrová, Stanislava
The status of the beholder, whether through the physical process of looking or his existential experience, is a principal formative element in ekphrastic texts. This study defines three possible approaches: in the first the beholder is like a character in a fictional world and at the same time a visual representation. This character is part of the story, so this version of ekphrasis is formed by the role played in the story. The second type is the character as a mediator of the world of visual experience. As the viewer sinks into the depths of the image by means of a Rückenfigur which has already entered it, this beholder is a mediator in ekphrasis, thanks to whom the reader acquires the perspective of a joint beholder. The third type, the beholder as interpreter, points to the basic techniques for the formation of ekphrasis: correlativization with another visual representation or pictorial model, the grounding of the narrative plain and associative play with the form of the observed.
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Banal as a speech bubble - the adjective "comics" as genre specification
Kořínek, Pavel
The terminological confusion that is still present when considering the nature of comics (is it a genre, perhaps even literary a form or a medium?) is reflected in the usage of the adjective "komiksový" (comics, the adjectival form which in Czech refers specifically to comics) in texts of various media. This description is commonly used as a characterization that usually refers to specific formal, genre-based or subject-based similarities. However, in most cases this adjectival notation only revives genre stereotypes, or non-systematically marks the source medium of adapted material. Do "comics radio shows", "theatre comics" or "comics movies" exist? As the article argues, the most common reasons for labelling other-media texts as comics are: 1. formal proximity of the media involved, 2. the superhero genre, 3. animation or cartoon technique, 4. humour, dottiness, sometimes even the perceived qualitative inadequacy of the text under review.
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The invariable and variable factors in the nature of Czech educational prose and drama from children's life (pedagogical topoi of the journey, outsider and asylum)
Brožová, Věra
This paper analyses the primary character of Czech prose from children's life, which until the end of the 19th century was conceived mostly as a educational tool and especially in the 1860s started to give way to the aesthetic impulses of the period. Abundant pedagogical output of this kind, which came into being, among other things, due to the reform of teachers' education and increasingly rigorous control of youth reading (so-called purification, initiated by the state, i.e. the retrogressive censorship of school libraries maintained literature on a simple model, which usually corresponds with a constricted number of functions, as defined in the fairytale genre by Vladimir Propp. The gradual transformations of traditional pedagogical topoi surprisingly helped to resuscitate this model in the genre of Czech instructional camping prose, which was still popular, and also helped this model and its general features to resonate in significantly more artistic prose for young adults.
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Czech literature from an intermedia perspective. Fourth Congress of World Czech Literary Studies: Other Czech Literature (?)
Fedrová, Stanislava ; Zajac, P. ; Winter, A. ; Štochl, J. ; Novák, R. ; Beličová, R. ; Foret, M. ; Kořínek, Pavel ; Jareš, Michal ; Bubeníček, P. ; Koblížek, T. ; Mareš, P. ; Málková, I. ; Čulík, J. ; Kyuchin, Kim ; Zelinský, M. ; Schultze, B. ; Gerčikova, I. ; Voisine-Jechová, H. ; Cloutier, C. ; Jirsa, T. ; Kapsová, E. ; Jedličková, Alice ; Mercks, K. ; Režná, M. ; Změlík, R. ; Šlaisová, E. ; Ambros, V. ; Janáčková, J. ; Pariláková, E. ; Váša, O. ; Lemańczyk, M. M. ; Schmid, H. ; Vaňková, I. ; Machová Ondřejová, K. ; Šolić, M. ; Müllerová, L. ; Kudlová, Klára ; Pořízka, P.
Arranged every 5 years at the initiative of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Czech Literature, the congress brought together some 150 researchers this year. World intermedia studies research has developed from case studies into initial syntheses, while in the Czech context it still has slight symptoms of "otherness". Studies contained in this collection deal with analyses into the crossing of media boundaries within the framework of authorial poetics, within individual works and between semiotic systems: the problematization of film and radio adaptations of literary works, comics, ekphrasis and other thematizations of the fine arts or musical motifs in literature, the relationship between drama and theatre stagings and the representation of reality and the procedures of other media in literary texts.
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Mácha’s iamb and devices to weaken the conflict between language and meter
Ibrahim, Robert ; Sgallová, K.
The paper follows up the results of structuralist verse theory (Roman Jakobson, Miroslav Červenka). The analysis of Mácha’s iamb used in his poem Máj (May, 1836) is based on observation of the relationship between the chosen meter and the language, and mainly on the explanation of the conflict between those two, which occurs when the first (therefore stressed) syllable of a polysyllabic word matches the weak (e.g. odd) position of the verse line. There are 87% of such lines in Máj, but in most of these cases the stressed syllable is occupying first verse position (or the position subsequent to caesura), which in Czech versification is seen as an acceptable alternative to the monosyllabic iambic incipit. Worthy of note is the morphological organisation of the unmetrical lines as well (such as preposition or prefix occupying weak position) – the preference of particular configurations may be seen as being the part of the author’s individual style.
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Film effects in Karel Hynek Mácha's prose narratives
Koten, Jiří
This essay inquires into the general characteristics of Karel Hynek Mácha's narrative fiction. It starts from the well-known analysis written by Jan Mukařovský. In the paper "Genetika smyslu v Máchově poezii" (Genetics of meaning in Mácha's poetry, 1938) Mukařovský claims that Mácha's works produce something of a cinematic effect. According to Mukařovský this is due to the interruption of narrated time (the dynamic plot is brought to a stop - up to a static scene), as well as by virtue of a technique reminiscent of a montage of impressive images. We consider this term pregnant, because it describes other characteristics of Mácha's fiction: the dramatical nature of narration and the fact that actions linking the storyline simultaneously serve as indices which evoke the impressive atmosphere. Even though Mácha uses authorial narration, focalization is mostly external and fictional minds aren't transparent. The narration comes close to the technique which is known as camera-eye narration.
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A hundred-year battle over Mácha. Karel Hynek Mácha between the Prague Linguistic Circle and the Czechoslovak Literary Historical Society
Fořt, Bohumil
Among others, to mark the 100th anniversary of the death of Karel Hynek Mácha, two important collective works were published: Karel Hynek Mácha. Osobnost, dílo, ohlas published in 1937 by Czechoslovak Literary Historical Society and Torso a tajemství Máchova díla published in 1938 by Prague Linguistic Circle. Both organisations in the 1930's embodied certain counterparts in the field of Czech literary criticism - not only that both groups come from completely different methodological backgrounds, but they also participated in crucial scholarly and educational projects connected with access to both financial sources, as well as to a wider influence over literary critical practice. The comparison of the collective works written and set by members of both groups enable us to view the entire ideas and methods of both groups and to connect them with the influence they had over literary scholarly investigation in Czechoslovakia.
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Jan Mukařovský's studies on K. H. Mácha
Sládek, Ondřej
Jan Mukařovský in his scholarly work paid consistent high attention to the work of Karel Hynek Mácha, which is incorporated in several studies and commentaries. In every new study on Mácha Mukařovský elaborated on his own previous analysis and strived for a more precise conceptual system. Mukařovský used Mácha's work especially to prove the analytical power of structuralist thought as well as the validity of its terms. The present study focuses mainly on an introduction to the most important works by Mukařovský about Mácha from the 1920s to the 1940s and also analyses the possible interrelationships between the works, especially those from 1936.
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