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A comparison of online news media framing of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict in Ukraine, Russia, the U.S. & China
Kwei, Quaye-Foli ; Van Puyvelde, Damien (vedoucí práce) ; Ó Beacháin, Donnacha (oponent)
1 Title: A Comparison of Online News Media Framing of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine Conflict in Ukraine, Russia, the U.S. & China. July 2022 University of Glasgow ID: 2574393Q Dublin City University ID: 20109351 Charles University ID: 18329097 Dissertation Abstract The 2022 conflict between Russia and Ukraine that ensued after the former invaded the latter has received extensive media attention around the world. The news media's framing of the war ultimately has an impact on how its audience views the actions of the conflicting countries, their respective allies as well as other issues pertaining to the conflict. The online news media, due to its relatively easy and broad access, plays a key role in how the war is covered and framed. This study compares how major news websites in Ukraine, Russia, the U.S. and China have framed their coverage of the Russia-Ukraine conflict between from December 2021 when Russia began to amass troops on its border with Ukraine, and the end of April 2022, when the war was still raging in Ukraine. The findings of this study indicate that the online news media's framing of the conflict within each country largely mirror their respective government's stated geostrategic interests regarding the war, particularly in terms of security, economics, energy supply and geopolitics. The...
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Responding to Hybrid Warfare: The Case of the Attempted Assassination of Sergey Skripal
Kondrushenko, Yuliia ; Hays II, George (vedoucí práce) ; Van Puyvelde, Damien (oponent) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent)
The concept of hybrid warfare, parsimonious but poorly defined in terms of theory, failed to provide an operational framework for relevant research or policy purposes. With a more holistic approach to hybrid warfare, this thesis means to revitalize a decaying interest to this topic, prove its relevance, as well as provide a new, broad understanding of the phenomenon that is fit for practical purposes. To study the means of state response to hybrid warfare through public policy, this dissertation adopted a case study approach. Ignoring the more 'traditional' hybrid scenarios, such as cyber attacks in the Baltics, this research focused on a more novel interpretation of a hybrid attack, such as the case of attempted assassination of Sergey Skripal. Cases of such unorthodox nature of hybrid warfare have the potential to unveil significant evidence base for both research and policy-making purposes in terms of prevention and reaction to hybrid scenarios. With findings of the research focusing on the triangulation of theory with a real-world scenario, this dissertation lays foundation for the new understanding of hybrid warfare and, possibly, a more comprehensive theory of hybrid warfare in the future.
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Cyber Hype Versus Cyber Reality - How Severe Is The Threat That Chinese Cyber-Attacks Pose To United States' National Security?
Tay, Kai Lin ; Van Puyvelde, Damien (vedoucí práce) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent)
Cyber threats regarding China's political espionage and intellectual property theft have featured prominently in United States (U.S.) government's public discourse in recent years. This thesis examines the threats that China's cyber-attacks pose to U.S. national security and critically assesses whether the government discourse surrounding China's cyber-attacks accurately reflects the actual threats. Overall, the study shows that China's cyber-attacks do not pose an existential threat to U.S. national security, contrasting U.S. government officials' claims which tend to exaggerate and depict Chinese cyber-attacks as an existential threat. Based on cyber- attack data between the U.S. and China from January 2013 to May 2019, this paper observes that China primarily conducts long-term espionage, exerting economic, diplomatic and social impacts, but does not conduct any degradative cyber-attacks. The study also observes from government statements surrounding two cyber-attacks - Office of Personnel Management (OPM) hack and Operation Cloudhopper - that U.S. government officials exaggerated China's cyber-attacks in imposing counterintelligence impacts of mortal danger, and inflated China as an unprecedented threat that unfairly benefits Chinese firms at the expense of U.S. firms. This paper concludes that...
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5G, China and the Global Governance of Cyberspace
Petrov, Angelica ; Van Puyvelde, Damien (vedoucí práce) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent) ; Střítecký, Vít (oponent)
Five years ago, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) anticipated that 2019 - 2020 would see the emergence of a prototype of 5G technology that would enable global deployment. Due to the enhanced capabilities, 5G is envisioned to be the backbone of a fully interconnected society, expanding from smart watches to entire factories. The unprecedented benefits, and also the risks of the technology brought 5G to the forefront of international debate between different stakeholders ranging from governments, to industry, to academia. The discussions were further fuelled by the US ban imposed on the Chinese companies Huawei and ZTE for building the 5G infrastructure. Despite the increased attention the study of China and the development of 5G, beyond the US moratorium it is still new and under- studied. This research examines how the role of China in global cyberspace governance changed with the development and deployment of 5G. For the investigation, the study employs a triangulation of two qualitative methods - document analysis and discourse analysis. To unpack the research question, the study firstly examines the key international governance institutions involved in the development of 5G. Hence it provides a theoretical contribution to the latest academic debates on cyberspace governance...
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A Target-Centric Intelligence: How Efficient is Cooperation Between the Local Police Departments and the FIU within the Finnish AML/CTF model?
Tjufjakov, Oleg ; Van Puyvelde, Damien (vedoucí práce) ; Pili, Giangiuseppe (oponent) ; Kučera, Tomáš (oponent)
This research intends to address the issues of cooperation and intelligence sharing between the national authorities within the network of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing regime. In this way, it is aimed to better understand and analyse the underlying issues behind the gaps in effective operational exchange of financial intelligence information within the wider network of national security structures. Therefore, this work contributes to a highly varying and inter-disciplinary academic field of studies on AML/CTF but also wider to the researches on security, terrorism and crime prevention. The academic debates on the methods of measurement of effectiveness of the AML/CFT models has developed a range of different perspectives, which have certain constraints and limitation for analysis. The traditional approach of evaluation relies heavily on the outcome-orientation and, therefore, is not always able to identify the weaknesses on the operational level and related processes. This approach is especially in use in the contemporary official evaluations and assessments of AML/CTF regimes. In this way, this dissertation applies a theoretical framework of a "target-centric" intelligence and tries to go deeper into the intelligence sharing processes to supplement the recent FATF analysis...
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Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics in Decision Making: The Migration and Asylum Systems
Bringas Colmenarejo, Alejandra ; Van Puyvelde, Damien (vedoucí práce) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent)
Big data and artificial intelligence inform decisions that affect people in their daily lives worldwide. Now, decision support systems are becoming increasingly frequent in sensitive contexts such as criminal justice or health insurance as they are considered objective, neutral and organic instruments whose decisions are purely based on facts. This is driven by the idea that human biases, emotions and discriminatory tendencies do not take part in their decision-making process. Yet, there is an overwhelming debate about the notions of fairness and effectiveness and the consequences that may arise from the implementation of these technologies in sensitive social and institutional contexts. Decision-making support tools are daily used in the judicial and migration areas to strengthen effectiveness and fairness while speeding up the often tedious and processes. However, technological automatisation and support systems are not always good allies of liberal values. The goal of accelerating judicial procedures and migration's and refugee's applications, increasing their efficiency, or better allocating limited resources could easily collide with the protection of individuals' rights; such as transparency, fair trial, dignity, or explanation. This paper will analyse the challenges and risk resulting from...
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