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New Characterisation Approaches for Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrodes (CILES)
Mikysek, T. ; Stočes, M. ; Švancara, I. ; Vytřas, K. ; Ludvík, Jiří
Within this study, some new approaches to characterize the carbon paste mixtures and the respective carbon ionic liquid electrodes (CILEs) are presented and their properties discussed. Particular attention has been paid to the changes of the resistivity, relative to the dependence on composition of the CILE. Three types of carbon ionic liquid pastes were examined, and for the interpretation of experimental data, the results were compared with those of "classic" carbon paste electrode (CPE) based on graphite powder. Some problems connected with homogeneity and stability of carbon pastes are also discussed.
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Assessment of Potential Risk Connected with the Use of Mercury and Mercury Electrodes
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Švancara, I. ; Mrázová, K. ; Nováková, Kateřina ; Chýlková, J. ; Pelclová, D.
This contribution tries to asses critically the danger connected with utilization of mercury in different branches of human activites. The main attention was devoted to electrochemistry, mainly to voltammetry and polarography. However, to other branches were characterized as well: dentistry, in battery production, mining industry, and a few others. The most toxic and contarily almost nontoxic forms of mercury and of its compounds were characterized. Some interesting cases of exposure to mercury, according to the database of the Czech Toxicological Information Centre (TIC) (from years 1995-2011), have been reported,
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Některé nové přístupy k charakterizaci uhlíkových pastových elektrod
Mikysek, T. ; Švancara, I. ; Ludvík, Jiří ; Vytřas, K. ; Kalcher, K.
Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) have several substantial advantages: their surface is easily renewable and it is possible to modify the electrode material in the bulk in order to prepare a specific sensor. The properties of the electrodes depend strongly on the used materials, that means on the carbon powder as well as on the oily binder, and on their proportions. Therefore the characterization of every type of such electrodes is very significant. We have found that the graph of the dependence of electrode resistance on the percentual composition manifests itself as two crossing lines. For the explanation of this dependence, a model based on the tight packing of spheres was suggested, formulated, tested and discussed. The other possibility how to characterize the electrodes is detailed interpretation of cyclic voltammetry of a reversible redox system. Both methods are compatible and enable to explain also problems with storage and ageing of electrodes.
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