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Gender differences in the testimonies from Auschwitz
Navrátilová, Kristýna ; Valentová, Hana (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis deals with testimonies from the time of the Holocaust. Its aim was to compare two selected testimonies of Holocaust survivors, to find the main themes and to compare these testimonies also in terms of gender. I used the 17 testimonies that I read to determine the main themes of the testimonies. In the first part of the thesis, I discuss the evolution of perceptions of testimony over time, the relationship between the Holocaust and gender, and testimony as a genre. In the second part, I analyze the testimonies of Elie Wiesel and Edith Eger, looking for commonalities and differences in the experience of imprisonment. I selected an event that had a major impact on the protagonists during their adolescence in the camp and also looked at their development before and after the war. The presence of a loved one in the camp and then their ability to refuse to accept blame for what happened to them appears to be crucial to their survival. Both actors were also able to apply the experiences of the prison years to their professional lives after the war. In terms of gender, the testimonies of Elie Wiesel and Edith Eger do not differ fundamentally; on the contrary, they are very similar. Gender therefore had no major influence on the survival of these two young people.
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Adult women with an eating disorder
Zachová, Jana ; Švamberk Šauerová, Markéta (advisor) ; Valentová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this master's thesis is to achieve the best possible understanding of the unique and individual experience of adult women with eating disorders and the identification of key themes associated with this phenomenon. A qualitative approach was chosen for this work. The specific method selected was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, which aims to understand the lived experience of individuals. The research sample consists of five women who are currently in middle adulthood. Each of them has experience with a long-standing eating disorder. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, and their subsequent analysis took place in two steps. Firstly, the experience of each woman and their basic schemas were examined, emphasizing essential characteristics and features of the respondents. Secondly, common themes and categories of the participants were identified. Specifically, these include dysfunctional family environment and trauma, meeting basic needs in a substitute way, objectification, isolation, and self-destruction. The main findings were then anchored in theoretical concepts and existing research. Keywords: eating disorders, middle adulthood, interpretative phenomenological analysis, life story, experience
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Possibilities of Psychobiography in Czech Cultural Environment
Flíčková, Aneta ; Brummer, Martin (advisor) ; Valentová, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the application of psychological theories in the framework of the creation of a psychobiographical text. First, I describe the historical background of the development of the psychobiographical approach and the main methodological procedures in psychobiographical research. Then I analyze the individual categories that were used in the subsequent interpretation. Proposals for interpretations for the creation of a future psychobiographical text arose from a purely autobiographical text (available memoirs of the analyzed personalities). I work here with the topic of psychobiography as a basic method of psychological research, which I apply to the leading politicians of the Czechoslovak political scene in the first half of the twentieth century. Namely, they are doctor of law Karel Kramář, Professor Edvard Beneš and journalist Jiří Stříbrný. The chosen psychological lenses through which these analyzed sources are interpreted are Kohut's theory on the creation of self and Adler's theory dealing with the striving for superiority. These interpretations are critically evaluated in the final chapter of this diploma thesis, and the usability of the given sources for further psychobiographical research is described. The output of this work is the finding that the...
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Characteristics of dreams in people with anxiety
Korábová, Sára ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Valentová, Hana (referee)
This thesis examines the characteristics of dreams in people with anxiety. Dream characteristics, including emotions in dreams, dream content, dream recall, and attitudes towards dreams, are monitored in people with anxiety (N=36) compared to a control group (N=28). The theoretical part addresses anxiety and dreams, and the research part focuses on methodology, data collection process, findings, and discussion. Participants were divided into groups of individuals with or without anxiety using the STAI inventory, based on their trait anxiety levels. Participants then recorded their dreams in an online dream diary for two weeks, and during data collection, they were also tested for current anxiety levels. It was found that individuals with anxiety experience dreams with more negative emotional tones, and their attitudes towards dreams differ in several respects (in terms of significance, positivity, recall, and apprehension). Differences were also observed in the frequency of certain categories of dream content (categories of characters, aggressive interactions, misfortunes, and negative emotions). The influence of anxiety on dream frequency and length was not found to be significant. The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe dream characteristics in individuals with anxiety compared to...
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Posttraumatic growth after death of a close person in adulthood and old age
Finkousová, Andrea ; Valentová, Hana (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis deals with the theme of posttraumatic growth in adulthood (40-60 years) and old age (70 + years) following the death of close person during their adolescence, adulthood and old age, whom they have been in a close relationship with. The purpose of the thesis is to detect the occurence of posttraumatic growth and to determine in which areas and how the posttraumatic growth manifests in eighteen respondents. Another goal of this thesis is to compare the outcomes with the concepts of Tedeschi and Calhoun, Janoff-Bulman, Joseph and Linley, Hana Valentová and with the research conducted by Finkousová. The theoretical part is dedicated to decription of posttraumatic growth, it's definitions, models and factors of influence. Further theoretical chapters are dedicated to the topic of death of a close person. The empirical part of the work uses qualitative research using semi-structed interviews with eighteen respondents and subsequent content analysis using open coding. The analysis has revealed seven main areas of posttraumatic growth and their sub-areas: The area of relationships (Family, Care of others), Reconstruction of relationship with self (Self-belief, Importance of health, Independence), The value of life (Change of priorites, Appreciation of life, Fragility of life), A different...
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Analysis of the Speed of Cyclists Aged from 10 to 15 Years
Valentová, Hana ; Semela, Marek (referee) ; Bradáč, Albert (advisor)
The thesis is concerned with an analysis of speed of bicyclists in age between 10 and 15 years. The thesis examines differences in construction of children's bikes, describes relationship between a child and a bicycle, messures size of children's bikes and characterizes the procedure during an analysis of bike accidents. Internal parts of the thesis are statistical data from accident frequency and summarizing of actual state of understanding of following problems in this age category. The main purpose of this thesis is to make an analysis of speed for individual age categories and make an evaluation of results. This measurement will be completed by a measure of achievable brake deceleration of riders in age between 10 and 15 years. The purpose of this final thesis is an expansion of data for a forensic expertise in area of Traffic.
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The sources of happiness of seniors living in a retirement home
Kovalová, Diana ; Valentová, Hana (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the happiness of seniors living in a nursing home. It focuses primarily on what are the core and main sources of happiness that people in a nursing home draw upon. As the population grows older, issues of care and happiness in the elderly are becoming more and more pressing and important, when it is a topic that will one day have an effect on everyone. It is therefore important to explore this area in more detail and to find out the main areas of people's lives where they really feel happy and help them to cope with the difficult moments that old age and the decline of strength bring with it (poorer health, diminishing social ties, depression, fear of death, etc.). Last but not least, there is an effort to show how much the environment in which the elderly live has an impact on them and how important it is to improve the quality and care of retirement homes to maximise the satisfaction of the people who live there. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part introduces the topic of old age and ageing. How the period of old age is periodized, what are the manifestations of ageing and how the individual adapts to this period. Then there is the topic of happiness, its characteristics, concept and what are its sources. Last but not least, there are...
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Experiencing atopic eczema from the perspective of young adult women
Poláková, Erin ; Valentová, Hana (advisor) ; Frombergerová, Anna (referee)
The presented master thesis is focused on the issue of atopic eczema. The aim of the thesis was to map the experiences of young adult women with atopic eczema, with an emphasis on their subjective experience of this disease. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the reader to the topic. It defines the term atopic eczema, describes its specifics, forms, etiopathogenesis and treatment options. It also deals with the psychosomatic approach as one of the possible approaches to this disease. In the theoretical part, the psychosocial aspects of atopic eczema are also taken into account, including the impact of the diagnosis on the quality of life of adult patients. The theoretical part is followed by the empirical part. Here are presented the results of a qualitative study in which eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adult women who were diagnosed with atopic eczema during their lifetime. By analyzing the data obtained, nine main categories were identified, which capture the individual experiences of women with atopic eczema. These are the categories of specifics of eczema, triggering factors, eczema as an obstacle, emotions associated with eczema, methods of managing eczema, reactions of the environment,...
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