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Effect of Marital Status on Engel´s Curve of Demand for Children for Women and Men
Pauerová, Blanka ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Objective of this thesis was construction of Engel´s curve of demand for children, separately for mother´s and father´s income. Moreover, analysis shows differences in Engel´s curve according to genders or marital status (if couple is married or not and only lives together). The models were estimated from data of the survey ISSP 2008. Results estimated by OLS models and models with corrected hetoreskedasticity were supported by multinomial regression. Estimations showed that in case of decision about children, women are influenced by income more than men. Own income has negative impact on number of children demanded by woman because of higher opportunity cost. Married women are less influenced by own income than single women, because married women take into the account also income of husband which has positive effect on number of children. In case of men´s demand for children, neither effect of own income nor effect of partner´s income was proven.
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Are scouts really more honest?
Sedlická, Monika ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Using two experiments, where children either rolled dice or solved a matrix task, we examined whether scouts are more honest than non-scouts. In the first experiment, participants completed a matrix task. The papers were then shredded, and participants self-reported the number they had correctly solved. After analysing the results, we found that 10.81 % of scouts and 13.04 % of non-scouts lied. This difference, between the honesty of scouts and non-scouts, was not statistically significant. There was no perceived effect from being scout on the individual's honesty, as well as from taking the scout promise, or years of experience in a scout organization on the scout's honesty. In the second experiment, participants rolled the dice privately. According to value rolled, participants could either take (1, 2, 3), or leave (4, 5, 6), a Kinder chocolate reward. Statistically, participants would be expected to take the reward 50 % of the time. This was the case for the scouts group, the results did not differ statistically from 50:50, but not for the non-scouts. However, the difference between scouts and non-scouts was not statistically significant, indicating that there is no significant difference in honesty between scouts and non-scouts. Thus, our hypothesis that scouts are more honest than non-scouts was not supported.
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Hysteresis of regional unemployment: the case of Greece and Spain
Bradáčová, Lucie ; Slaný, Martin (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
The substantial increase in the unemployment rate after the crisis in the year 2008, its persistence and slow gradual decreasing in European countries is the reason that makes us think about if the theory of hysteresis is applicable to European labour markets. The main objective of this work is to verify the hypothesis of hysteresis in labour markets at regional level in Greece and Spain. The unit root tests were used on the time series of unemployment rate between 2001-2015 for Greek regions and 2002-2016 for the Spanish regions. The result is that the theory of hysteresis in unemployment is applicable on all the regions in both countries. When the data series of employment are used, the results are different. In Greece only Crete and in Spain regions Andalusia, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Kastilie la Mancha, Catalonia, Valencia, Murcia and Ceuta exhibit the hysteresis in employment. There are also differences between rates of men and women in Spanish regions. When unemployment rates are considered, only three region have different results. But when employments rates are used most of women's time series can't be described as non-stationary in contrast of those of the men's.
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The effect of retirement on physical and mental health
Svatošová, Markéta ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
By using panel data from SHARE this thesis shows, that retirement has a negative effect on indicators of physical and mental health. Results from using fixed effects models suggest that retirement leads to 0,85 points increase in chronic diseases, 0,3 points increase in difficulties associated with mobility and 0,07 points increase in body mass index. Also retirement increases the level of depression by 0,5 points. According to the results, the effect of retirement on memory is also negative.
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Skewness Preference
Kvapil, Mikuláš ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with analysis of behavior of bettors on horse races. The aim is to test the hypothesis that bettors prefer skewness and they are risk averse. In the thesis is used the method of empirical data collection of horse racing in the Czech Republic and their subsequent testing using a regression model. The testing of the presented model did not confirm the hypothesis of skewness preference in the case of betting on horse races in the Czech Republic.
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Media consumption of new and traditional media among Czech students
Čentíš, Jan ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
This thesis discusses the issue of media consumption among university and high school students in the Czech Republic. Following a foreign study, regressive models extended by new variable quantities are applied to a sample of 490 students, the influence on media consumption of which has never been quantified in the Czech realm. The important conclusion of this paper is the identification of different consumer habits among the analyzed group of students. The age of the student plays a significant role, as it has been proven that as a student ages, he or she spends more time using media. The age factor is also considerable in the selection of individual media, as traditional media and internet news servers are mostly preferred among older students.During the prediction of consumption, a substantial influence was identified among the newly applied variables, such as the ownership of electronic devices,the subscription to daily press, or even the situation when a student lives in a common household with their parents. On the other hand, there was no significant influence found with regard to either students'or their parents' income, or the students' working status. Additionally, contingent on the analysis, the relation between traditional and new media was examined.Based on the obtained results, we support the assertion that according to students the relation between these two media types is competitive, as far as consumption is concerned.
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Discrimination against women in the Czech labour market. Do women face discrimination in the Czech Republic?
Procházka, Jan ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
The thesis analyses Czech and EU legislation which is intended to prevent discrimination in the labour market and focuses on the three main models of discrimination: Discriminatory preference, Statistical discrimination and Displacing discrimination. In the opening chapters, the thesis presents the reasons leading to the differences in men's and women's wages not originating from discrimination and also partially disproves the myths about discrimination of women. The analytical and theoretical part is followed by empirical part whose conclusions do not disprove the hypothesis of discrimination in Czech labour market, nevertheless comes to the conclusion that the part of the differences in average income, that exist, can be explained mainly by following factors: the number of worked hours, education level, time spent mainly by women on maternity / parental leave and child care and other factors. The results of questionnaire survey realised on the territory of one region and within one area of intervention of Structural funds confirm that the discrimination between men and women doesn't exist.
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The Impact of Information and Telecommunication Technologies on Growth in Czech republic
Vávra, Stanislav ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Information and telecommunication technologies are always joint with economic growth in modern economies, because they participate on reduction of transaction costs and increase production factors productivity and competitiveness. Benefits from ICT had been obvious untill 2001, but right after the investmens and expenditure in ICT started to decrease rapidly. There are studies capturing this drop in developed economies, whereas there are not many works considering the situation in center and eastern Europe. This master thesis brings an analysis of impact of ICT capital and production factors productivity on gross value added by growth accounting methodology in Czech Republic between 1996-2007. It also provides econometric testing of the impact of investments in ICT equipment and software on gross value added in Czech Republic between 1993-2013 by fixed effects model. The output of the master thesis demonstrates the empirical evidence of significant negative impact year-by-year change investment in ICT equipment and software on a change of growth pace of gross value added.
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Economics of Biased Estimation
Drvoštěp, Tomáš ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
This thesis investigates optimality of heuristic forecasting. According to Goldstein a Gigerenzer (2009), heuristics can be viewed as predictive models, whose simplicity is exploiting the bias-variance trade-off. Economic agents learning in the context of rational expectations (Marcet a Sargent 1989) employ, on the contrary, complex models of the whole economy. Both of these approaches can be perceived as an optimal response complexity of the prediction task and availability of observations. This work introduces a straightforward extension to the standard model of decision making under uncertainty, where agents utility depends on accuracy of their predictions and where model complexity is moderated by regularization parameter. Results of Monte Carlo simulations reveal that in complicated environments, where few observations are at disposal, it is beneficial to construct simple models resembling heuristics. Unbiased models are preferred in more convenient conditions.
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The Effect of Parenthood on Wages in the Czech Republic
Žofková, Martina ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from EU-SILC for the Czech Republic this thesis shows that mothers suffer wage penalty, whereas fathers gain wage premium. These results are in accordance with literature abroad. This thesis also shows that parenthood has greater impact on individuals with higher education, that motherhood penalty is lower for single mothers, whereas fatherhood premium is higher for single fathers, and that there is stronger self-selection of mothers into specific jobs than in case of fathers. Model of fixed effects suggests that parenthood is connected with unobservable characteristics that have positive effect on parent's wages. Results of this thesis are in accordance with human capital theory, division of labor within the household, self-selection of mothers into more mother-friendly jobs. But results concerning lower work effort of mothers are inconclusive.
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