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Recognition-decision-making strategies and socio-cognitive mechanisms applied in the identification process
Trojanová, Hana ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee) ; Spurný, Joža (referee)
The main topic of this dissertation is the forensic method of lineups. This issue is approached mainly from the perspective of social and forensic psychology. The main goal is to describe decision-making strategies and socio-cognitive mechanisms applied in the identification process. The theoretical part deals with identification processes based on memory, social cognition in the context of lineups, and variables that most often appear in forensic-psychological research focused on eyewitness testimony. These variables are divided into two basic areas - variables that cannot be controlled in advance (estimator variables - on the witness, offender and circumstances side) and variables that can be controlled (known as system variables). The experimental part presents two main researches corresponding to the above-mentioned areas of variables. The first research focuses on the witness and his/her decision-making processes as a variable that cannot be controlled in advance. The results of the research confirmed the assumption that respondents using absolute judgment were more accurate and faster in their identification than those with relative judgment. The second research is focused on the creation of fair lineups, as a possible controllable variable. We evaluated the lineups created by experts from...
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První pomoc při šikaně v práci: praktický manuál pro zaměstnance ohrožené některou z forem šikany v zaměstnání – mobbingem, bossingem nebo staffingem
Spurný, Joža ; Scheu, Lenka ; Havelka, Josef ; Ranglová, Jana
Na pracovištích bývá poměrně často opomíjena kvalita interpersonálních vztahů. Ze strany managementu takových organizací je věnována pozornost především měřitelným ekonomickým a jiným ukazatelům, aniž by si jeho příslušníci uvědomovali, že se kvalita interpersonálních vztahů významně podepisuje na těch ukazatelích, na které se především zaměřují. Na jedné straně si tak jsou ve shodě s manažerskou literaturou vědomi skutečnosti, že lidé představují největší bohatství jejich organizace, na straně druhé se však o toto bohatství nestarají adekvátním způsobem, což platí i o oblasti mezilidských vztahů. Přitom poznatky ze sociometrických výzkumů, které byly provedené v 60. letech minulého století mezi posádkami amerických bombardérů během války ve Vietnamu, poukázaly na to, že osádky tvořené průměrnými členy s dobrými vztahy mezi sebou dosahují lepších výsledků v porovnání s osádkami, které sice byly tvořené špičkovými vojáky, avšak mezi nimiž nepanovaly právě nejlepší mezilidské vztahy.1 Špatná kvalita interpersonálních vztahů na pracovišti může mít variabilní intenzitu a různou délku trvání. K nejzávažnějším jevům v této oblasti náleží mobbing, bossing a staffing, jimž je věnovaná pozornost v této stati. Jejím cílem je poskytnou základní orientaci v této problematice, na kterou je možno nahlížet z různých pohledů (např. z pohledu psychologického, sociologického, právního aj.).
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Psychological context of motivation for change in convicts under the "Get a job" resocialization program
Šípová, Emilie ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Spurný, Joža (referee) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee)
The dissertation thesis is focused on exploring the psychological context of motivation for change in adult convicted men who participated in and completed the motivational resocialization program named "Get a job". In the first part, selected theoretical knowledge is presented. Introductory chapters (Ch. 1-3) deal with the issue of social control, context of motivation for change in the offender as well as the motivational factors in the penitentiary environment. Subsequently, a system of probation and rehabilitation programs in the Czech Republic and risk factors affecting the process of prison rehabilitation are described. The next two chapters (Ch. 4-5) capture the development of view of penitentiary intervention, provide an overview of therapeutic approaches in rehabilitation, and contain a discussion of the possibilities of verifying the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. The second part focuses on the description of the "Get a job" rehabilitation program. Here, basic information on the implementation of the program (Ch. 6) is presented together with individual topics including the content, tutoring work specifics and examples of specific work done by prisoners (Ch. 7). The third part includes an empirical investigation and presentation of the obtained results. The introductory...
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Psychology in Crisis Management: Stressful and Protective Factors in Police Officers working in Mass Casualty Disaster
Vymětal, Štěpán ; Balcar, Karel (advisor) ; Spurný, Joža (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee)
Key words: coping, disaster psychology, Integrated Rescue System, mass causalty incident, police, psychology in crisis management, psychosocial support, resiliency, risk and protective factors. This work focuses on the area of coping in members of intervening Integrated Rescue System (IRS) bodies in rescue and disaster work following a mass traffic accident. The assumptions is that a vast mass traffic accident is a type of disaster that places increased demands on coping not only for affected citizens concerned, but also on intervening professionals. It is an unexpected, urgent, and emotionally and physically demanding event that requires flexibility, heightened cooperation between different professions, and a non-standard work performance. It is an event where it is not possible to apply routine operative procedures and management. A specific group, which this work explores in depth, is that of police officers. This professional group can be expected, in the given context, to be subjected to an increased burden in comparison to other IRS bodies - medics and firefighters. The reason for this consideration is the following list of burdensome specifics, which relate to the work of police officers in mass disasters: worse material equipment for intervention and worse availability of basic needs,...
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