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The evolution of Slovenian communist leaders' attitudes towards Yugoslavia and socialism from 1986 to 1988
Janíčko, Michal ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Sommer, Vítězslav (referee) ; Klabjan, Borut (referee)
The dissertation focuses on the development of the attitudes of the political elite in socialist Slovenia towards key issues of the state framework and the political and economic system in 1986-1988. Using archival sources, the weakening of the Yugoslav orientation and beliefs about the prospects of the socialist self-government system are examined. The Slovenian political elite in the period under study was characterized by a high sensitivity to public opinion in their republic, in which nationalism and criticism of the communist government had been growing since the early 1980s. Some of the assumptions of the existence of the common state began to be abandoned by Slovenian leaders in the summer of 1987, while a year later they begun to move directly away from the federal arrangement of Yugoslavia towards a confederation. On the subject of the economic system, a turning point in the thinking of the Slovenian and overall Yugoslav communist elites occurred in the spring of 1988 under the pressure of the prolonged economic crisis. The dismantling of the pillars of self-management socialism began then. The Slovenian communist leaders, led by Milan Kučan, coped well with this loss, also thanks to the success of nationalism, which in their ranks in the late 1980s grew rapidly, as it did in the general public.
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Václav Klaus Seminars as a Part of the Late Socialist World of meaning
Durčák, Michael ; Spurný, Matěj (advisor) ; Sommer, Vítězslav (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to closely examine the world of thought in seminars organized by a branch of Československá vědecko-technická společnost Státní banky československé v Praze (Czechoslovak Scientific and Technical Society of State Bank in Prague) which were led by Václav Klaus in the years of 1979-1986. The members of the seminars were publishing their papers semiannually in collections named Ekonomické modelování (Economic Modeling). These consisted of written versions of presentations and in later years also of the polemics among the authors. The foreword to each collection was written by Václav Klaus himself. Over the years, the fame of the seminars and number of copies of Ekonomické modelování has began to rise, so the whole event received to the attention of StB in 1984. The Secret police then kept a file on Václav Klaus named Akce Kluk and in 1986 prevented Klaus from organising more seminars because of their right-wing orientation. The above-mentioned seminars have not yet been the point of interest in historiography, mainly due to the poor accessibility of the collections. The thesis will deal with the content of the seminars themselves captured in Ekonomické modelování and also with the monitoring of the meetings by the secret police. The result is a perspective on the unresearched...
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From the Stakhanovite-Movement toward a Free Saturday. The Idea of Labor in Socialist Czechoslovakia of the 1960s
Keller, Filip ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Sommer, Vítězslav (referee)
This paper outlines the concept of labour in socialist Czechoslovakia of the 1960s. It examines on discourses of social and economic reforms and that of the post-Stalin era. The focus lays on main social, economic and ideological categories on which those projects based, on extent of their construction as well as on shifting the emphasis between their particular elements. The paper concerns above all conceivable relation of the newly shaped discourse to effort to reconstitute social differentiation and to overcome the social leveling of the previous Stalin era. An attempt will be made to connect Honnet's theory of recognition with G. Cohen's concept of egalitarian justice. From that perspective, the paper will examine historical tranformations of conceptions of justice, division of labour, a social ethos of different social groups (particullary the educated intelligentsia), legitimacy of given forms of redistribution etc.
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Historiography of the Communist Party and the Working Class Movement and its Institutionalisation at the Faculty of Arts - Charles University in years 1953-1970
Calta, Jan ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Sommer, Vítězslav (referee)
(in English): This work deals with the formation of party historiography in fifties and sixties of the twentieth century. It examines this issue in two ways. The first level is the institutionalization of party historiography at Faculty of Arts of Charles University. Establishment, development and abolition of the department of the History of the Communist party (History of Working class movement) is explored with focusing on key turning points in 1953 (establishment of the department), 1958 (restriction of teaching staff), 1964 (reorganization, merger and establishment of the department of the History of Working class movement) and 1970 (abolition of the department). Teaching staff is examined and attention is paid to the efforts to create typological profile of chair historians, who were part of emerging generation of party historians. The second level of the research is the participation of party historians in shaping and formulating new historical narratives, that provided legitimazing framework of communist project to social transformation. Attention is paid to possibilities and limits of party historiography in social and political context and its methodological base is also examined. The development of party historiography is divided into three phases - the phase of stalinist discourse, the...
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The making of "democratic socialism". Party historiography of 50's and 60's between Stalinism and reform communism
Sommer, Vítězslav ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kopeček, Michal (referee) ; Jiroušek, Bohumil (referee)
Dissertation: The Making of "Democratic Socialism". Party Historiography of 50's and 60's Between Stalinism and Reform Communism The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the development of the Party historiography in the 50's and 60's. The story of Party historiography starts in the early 50's when it was created as a brand new revolutionary historiography deep rooted in the structure of the Communist party. This new historiographical project had to deal with the history of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and labour movement. The Party historiography had reflected the changes in the actual policy of Czechoslovak communism. It is possible to distinguish the stalinist, the post-stalinist and the reform communist period of the Party historiography development. In the first half of the 50's Party historiography was a part of Party propaganda. After 1956 Party historians developed the scientific paradigm of Party historiography which contained also obligatory post-stalinist interpretation framework for writing about the Communist party past. In the 60's this historiographical paradigm broke down under the strong criticism, which was led from the reform communist positions. So called Reform historiography of the 60's developed a new historiographical narrative. It was based upon belief in the...
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