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Proposal for Improvements of Personal Activities in Organization
Tokošová, Irena ; Sklenář, Petr (referee) ; Pokorný, Jiří (advisor)
This master’s thesis is oriented on human resource management. This thesis analyzes the efficiency of the company with a focus on personal character weaknesses, ie. the organizational structure, competence of manager, combination compensation, system of empleyee appraisal and the stress load at work. It contains proposals for solutions on improving work efficiency through personnel changes.
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Species diversity of vascular plants in alpine vegetation of the Western Carpathian mountains on different spatial scales and its connection to soil pH
Anderlová, Nikoleta ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Macek, Martin (referee)
Alpine regions are hotspots of species diversity and are therefore at focal center of scientific interest. The research aiming to understand the influences and patterns that shape this unique environment, is complicated by mulitple metodological issues stemming from unclear definitions of used terms as well as the existence of various methodological approaches and their constrains/limitations. The breadth of the topic of species diversity, which can be viewed from multitude of perspectives, is also adding to complications. This work summarizes the most important information in available literature and addresses important correlations and trends in environmental variables and species diversity of alpine meadows in the areas of Malá Fatra, Nízke Tatry, Roháče, and Belianske Tatry. At the center of attention is the widely accepted theory of higher species richness in areas with basic, calcareous substrates compared to areas with acidic, silicate substrates in Europe. To confirm this theory at different spatial scales in alpine environment, hierarchical sampling was chosen. A total of 96 samples containing data on the presence/absence of plants and relevant environmental factors, including pH measurements, were obtained. The structure of these data was visualized using ordination techniques such as PCA...
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Floral biology of tropical alpine plants
Holzbachová, Lucie ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Ptáček, Jan (referee)
Tropical alpine environments are characterised by specific environmental conditions to which the local plants adapted through evolution. The specificity is especially in a strong diurnal climate with temperatures falling below zero at nights. At the same time, this environment lacks thermal seasonality, which allows growth and flowering throughout the year. While floral biology is relatively well described in temperate regions, it has only been studied sporadically in the tropics. This study summarises the knowledge of floral biology in tropical alpine environments with a focus on zoophily plants. The principal part of this work is dedicated to floral traits, focusing on flowering phenology, which is diversified for every species during the year. In this way, plants face competition, especially for their pollinators, which decrease in abundance with altitude. Although not all phenological strategies have been studied so far, we can find several main flowering schemes. This literature review points to unexplored research topics about floral biology of plant inhabiting tropical mountains that might provide a basis for future studies.
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Floral biology of montane plants and its change with elevation and phenology, effect of pollination stochasticity and other factors on the number of ovules
Nekola, Matyáš ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Koupilová, Klára (referee)
The number of ovules that each plant produces reflects its ability to adapt. There are several factors that affect ovule production. An important factor is elevation. With the rising elevation also rises the severeness of stochasticity and pollen limitation. Additionally, at the begining of the vegetational season the pollination should be more stochastic and limited. One of the strategies that plants use is called Bet-hedging strategy. Main part of this strategy is the overproduction of the ovules in the ovaries. This above average number of ovules will be used in the case that the flower receives higher than average pollen load. In the end, the plant can compensate for the occasions when the received pollen load is lower. Alpine environment is proposed to have higher pollination stochasticity and pollen limitation. Hence this work is built on the hypothesis that number of ovules will increase with elevation and will be higher at the beginning of the vegetational season in accordance with Bet-hedging strategy. In my diploma thesis I quantified ovule number in 9 species namely Arabidopsis halleri, Calluna vulgaris, Campanula rotundifolia, Melampyrum pratense, Melampyrum sylvaticum, Silene dioica, Silene vulgaris, Trientalis europaea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Veronica chamaedrys and Viola lutea subsp....
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Anatomical and physiological adaptations of high mountain plants in Ladakh
Binter, Jan ; Doležal, Jiří (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
The Ladakh region of the northwestern Indian Himalaya is a high-elevation desert that presents a suite of environmental conditions that constrain plant growth. At lower elevations, aridity and high temperatures constrain plant growth. However, at higher elevations, temperature steeply drops and an increase in precipitation occurs. Therefore, the Ladakh region can be considered a natural laboratory where the adaptive responses of plant traits to moisture and temperature gradients can be observed. Plants in high mountain regions had to evolve and adapt to harsh environmental stress including low temperatures, UV radiation, short growing seasons, etc. Morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations allow plants in Ladakh to grow at altitudes up to 6150 meters. This limit for plant growth in Ladakh is not set by the permanent snow line or any other mechanical barrier, but instead by the inability of plants to survive at such an elevation. This situation allows us to study the physiological limits of plant adaptations in extreme conditions. Thus, studying plants in Ladakh can bring an important understanding to adaptive ability of mountain plants.
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Plant adaptations for pollination by nocturnal animals
Bakovská, Julie ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
Nocturnal pollination is a part of the reproductive process of plants. The night is characterized by changes in abiotic factors, mainly by a decrease in solar radiation and temperature, while plants and pollinators adapt to these conditions. Plants and pollinators adapt to each other throught the process of coevolution. As a result plants present traits preferred by their pollinators. Sets of convergent traits shared by plants pollinated by single functional group are called pollination syndromes and include reward type, scent, colour and flower morphology. The pollination syndromes and other adaptations of plants pollinated by nocturnal pollinators are presented in this thesis, in the context of adaptations of pollinators' senses to nighttime conditions. Simultaneously, it is referred to the evolutionary reasons for the transition of activity to the night. Significant nocturnal pollinators, associated with pollination syndromes include moths, divided into hawkmoths (sphingophily pollination syndrome) and other nocturnal moths (phalaenophily), bats (chiropterophily) and non-flying mammals (therophily). Other important nocturnal pollinators exhibiting adaptations to nocturnal pollination are beetles and nocturnal bees.
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Floral biology of montane plants and its change with elevation and phenology, effect of pollination stochasticity and other factors on the number of ovules
Nekola, Matyáš ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Koupilová, Klára (referee)
Pollination is a highly stochastic process. When also combined with pollen limitation, it could have notable effect on the number of seeds and therefore the plant fitness. Plants in order to compensate for the high pollination stochasticity use Bet-hedging strategy (Burd et al., 2009). Main part of this strategy is the overproduction of the ovules in the ovaries. This above average number of ovules will be used in the case that the flower receives higher than average pollen load. In the end, the plant can compensate for the occasions when the received pollen load is lower. Alpine environment is proposed to have higher pollination stochasticity and pollen limitation. With the rising elevation also rises the severeness of stochasticity and pollen limitation. Additionally, at the beginning of the vegetational season the pollination should be more stochastic and limited. Hence this work is built on the hypothesis that that number of ovules will increase with elevation and will be higher at the beginning of the vegetational season in accordance with Bet-hedging strategy. The increase of the ovule numbers with the rising elevation wasn't confirmed. On the other hand, there were documented connections between declining number of ovules throughout the season and 1) distribution of ovules among...
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Diversity of floral functional traits and its seasonal changes in alpine environment
Plachtová, Kateřina ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee)
Floral functional traits characterize flowers and mediate contact between entomogamous flowers and their pollinators. Their form depends on many biotic and abiotic factors. The floral functional traits tend to be similar in high altitudes. However, the overall diversity of the floral functional traits does not vary significantly between altitudes. On the other hand, how temporal diversity of the floral functional traits varies during the flowering season was not studied yet. And this is the focus of this thesis. The aim of this study is to examine the hypothesis, whether the diversity of the floral functional traits changes in plant communities of alpine and montane meadows during the flowering season and also between them. The alpine and montane meadows are located in the area of Luční hora in the Krkonoše National Park. Morphological and spectral characteristics of the flowers were measured on both meadows. Abundance of flowering species and their flowers were measured every three weeks during five periods of the season. Diversity of the floral functional traits was obtained, for both meadows and all the measured periods of season, by weighting the floral functional traits with the species abundances. Using multivariate analysis, differences of temporal and altitudinal diversity were studied....
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Causes of limitation of plant reproduction by pollen and resource availability
Kalousková, Petra ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
Plant seed production depends on many factors: their life history, the environment they grow in, and other factors such as biotic interactions. However, the immediate cause of the reduction in seed production is the lack of partners or the lack of resources available for seed production. This bachelor thesis aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and the relative importance of individual causes of limitation of plant seed production. Most plants are pollen limited at least in some seasons or in some localities, in the rest of the situations are plants resource limited. Pollen limitation can be quantitative (low pollen deposition) or qualitative (low quality of pollen). Existing theoretical models of pollen and resource limitation compare use of resources either to attract pollinators (increased flower size, increased number of rewards) and increase the chances of encountering them (change of phenology or prolongation of flowering) or to produce seeds. Plants can sometimes be seemingly pollen limited, with the pollen supplementation increasing seed production at the cost of reducing reproductive effort in the upcoming years. However, the most significant feature of pollination, which is often reflected in the alternation of reduced seed production due to insufficient pollen...
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