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Genesis of the Vejprnice coal deposit in the Pilsen Basin
Salva, Otto ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
High concentrations of surface and underground mine boreholes together with mining maps and documentation of several hundreds of coal seam sections measured and sampled in mine galleries of the Vejprnice coal deposit in the eastern part of the Pilsen Basin were analysed to reconstruct the depositional environment of the Lower Radnice seam in the Radnice Member and the Main Nýřany seam in the Nýřany Member. Data from borehole profiles were used for construction of contour maps of sandstone and breccia thickness and their percentage in intervals from the base of the Radnice Member (the beginning of Carboniferous sedimentation) to the base of the Lower Radnice seam and in intervals between coal seams and their benches. Maps of thickness between the Proterozoic basement and coal seams were used to construct presedimentary paleotopography, which was gradually filled with coal- bearing sediments. Coal seam sections from mining galleries were used for the construction of maps of the thickness, ash content, calorific value, volatile matter content, sulphur content and water content of the Lower Radnice and Main Nýřany coal seams. Contour maps and correlation cross-sections allowed reconstruction of a three-dimensional presedimentary paleotopography model. This model shows that the sedimentation of the...
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Charcoal layers in the Main Coal of central part of the Most Basin - a potential indicator of climate changes in early Miocene?
Šulc, Jan ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is summing up the exploration of fusite layers in the middle coal bench of the main coal seam in the Most Basin, studied with support Severočeské doly a. s. in the Bílina opencast mine. These layers are interpreted as a result of wild fires of wetland vegetation and represent charcoal horizons. Several methods have been used for research of these layers. These include four lithological profiles throughout the middle coal bench in different places of Bílina opencast mine, usage of non-core drilling data (speed and force of auger) and comparation of these data with the profiles, and finally, the maceral analysis of the part of the middle bench between two flooding horizons marked by carbonaceous clay partings. Observations indicate that the charcoal layers are hardly recognisable because of their small thickness (few centimetres maximum) and lenticular nature (their lateral continuity usually does not exceed several tens of meters). The coreless drilling according to its sensitivity shows the potential of its usage for identification of fusite layers, although comparison with nearby field section is recommended. Maceral analysis shows that huminite is in favour against liptinite and inertinite. It is clear from the data, that the fusite layers were created as a result of burning...
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Coal mining at Radvanice areas and its impact on environment
Knytl, Vladislav ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
Hard coal mining in Czech Republic mining districts has a great influence on the landscape and the environment. It includes for example landscape depressions, unsecured old mine sites, mine water and waste dumps. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to observe closer these problems at recently abandoned coal mining district in the surroundings of the town Radvanice near Trutnov. The main part of the thesis is about a spontaneous combustion of sterile dumps and their influence on the landscape and the environment. As the model case is used Katerina I dump, which is situated close to Radvanice town.
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The coal-forming environments
Šulcová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
The coal is a caustobiolith, which originates by biochemical transformation of plant biomass and its subsequent diagenesis under increased temperature, pressure and time. Coal occurs in a form of a layer, which is called a seam. A peat is an early stage of coal, which is formed by anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass accumulated in peatlands. Peatlands consist important subgroup of wetlands, where low oxygen content and water logging are important pre-requisites for their formation. The term peatlands has different meanings in various scientific disciplines and countries and so there is wide range of terms describing wetlands and peatlands. We don't exactly know the global distribution of peatlands, but the estimate is about 386 - 409 mil. ha. The hydrology is one of the main factors, which determine type of peatlands. We can distinguish two main types - ombrotrophic mires, which are fed by precipitation and rheotrophic mires, which are fed by groundwater (besides precipitation). During development peatlands can switch from rheotrophic state to ombrotrophic state. Two areas in the province Riau in Sumatra were chosen for a comparison. Siak Kanan is on the coast and Bengkalis Island, which represents the peat on the island. Final analysis of samples taken from peatlands show no significant...
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Alluvial stratigraphy of the Líně Formation, Central Bohemian Basins.
Podzimková, Petra ; Martínek, Karel (advisor) ; Opluštil, Stanislav (referee)
Líně Formation is the youngest basin fill unit of the Upper Palaeozoic Central and Western Bohemian basins. Deposits of the Líně Formation were being laid down in Stephanian C time, after an unconformity between Stephanian B and C. The deposits of Líně Formation are continental red beds usually dominated by mudstones with less common appearance of sandstones and conglomerates, originated mostly as fluvial deposits. Lacustrine deposition originated in deposition of less frequented fossiliferous claystones, carbonates of variegated and grey colors, coal occur occasionaly. The study area was at Kladno part of the Kladno- Rakovník Basin, Roudnice part and west half of Mšeno part of Mšeno-Roudnice Basin. Seismic sections were interpreted and correlations of boreholes based on lithology, gama and resistivity ray were made. Scientific borehole K-1 (Klobuky) drilled in 2009 showing 30 m long succession of Klobuky Horizon was described and interpreted too. The interpretations of approximately N-S oriented seismic sections show depressions on the base of Líně Formation. This morphology seems to affect direction and area of sediment deposition at the beginning of Líně Formation sedimentation in the study area. Well-log correlations show main areas of sediment deposition in the west and north of Roudnice part...
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Carboniferous tropical ecosystems of euramerican province
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the tropical terrestrial ecosystems of Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) time. It is especially focussed on description of the Carboniferous tropical forest and its components. Introductory parts of the thesis deal with the general characteristics of Carboniferous period, including fauna and flora, distributions of continents and how was the climate of this period. Second part follows the characteristics of particular components of the Carboniferous tropical forest, i.e. of individual plant groups and genera, and their ecological demands. Characterised are plants and their assemblages in tropical lowlands as well as in upland areas, rarely preserved in sedimentary record. In the next part I characterise the dynamics of the forest of Carboniferous tropics and discuss potential mechanisms which controlled the floristic changes including plant extinction. The role of climate changes, which had great influence on vegetation, is discussed as the possible main control. In the separate chapter I describe extinction of arborescent lycopsids. Key words: ecosystem, tropical forest, lowland, climate changes
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Coal petrographic and technological characteristics of selected coal seam sections
Maralbayev, Orak ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kožušníková, Alena (referee)
The diploma thesis provides an overview of history of exploration, geological and stratigraphical settings and coal mining of the Karaganda and Ekibastuz basins in NE Kazakhstan; the two most important hard coal deposits of the country. Although the coal- bearing strata of both basins are identical (visé), the mining conditions and quality of coal significantly differ. The seams No. 1, 2 and 3 of the Bogatyr Opencast (Ekibastuz Basin) are merged into a single coal-bearing horizon reaching a cumulative thickness between 150 and 170 meters located in shallow depth. On the opposite, seams of the Saranska Mine (K10, K12 and K18) in the Karaganda Basin are usually only few metres (locally up to 5 m) thick and in most part of the coalfield are situated in depth up to several hundred metres. Seam and overburden thicknesses affect the mining methods. In the Karaganda Basin coal is extracted in deep mines whereas in the Ekibastuz Basin in huge opencast mines. To provide a comparison of extracted coal, samples taken from the Bogatyr Opencast (Ekibastuz Basin) and from the Saranska Mine (Karaganda Basin) were analysed for their petrographic (maceral) composition and chemical and technological properties. The results show that in the seams Nos. 2, 3v, 3G, 3D, 3E, 3Z and 3Z from the Bogatyr Opencast and seam...
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Palynology of selected coal seams and accompanying sediments of the Laziska and Libiaz Beds (Moscovian) in the Polish part of the Upper Silesian Basin
Bojdová, Lenka ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kvaček, Zlatko (referee)
This thesis summarizes palynological and paleontological study of the middle part of the Cracow Sandstone Series which is divided into the Łaziska (Bolsovian) and the Libiąz Beds (Asturian). Samples were obtained from the borehole G5 Dab nearby Jaworzno from both coal and non-coal sediments. Palynological study confirmed the stratigraphical gap between these two beds by observation of dissapearance of nine miospore taxons at the bottom of the Libiąz Beds (Torispora, Converrucosisporites, Schulzospora, Gillespieisporites, Schopfites, Convolutispora, Cristatisporites, Tripartites, Cingulizonates). Different ecological demands during the coal and non-coal sedimentation were confirmed. The sedimentation of the Łaziska coal seams is characterized by alternation of lycospore and densospore phases which confirmes alternation of the contrasting plant assamblages with a predominance of the arborescent lycopsids Lepidodendron and Lepidophloios and sub-arborescent lycopsid Omphalophloios. Arborescent lycopsids preferred planar (rheotrophic) mires. Plant assamblages with predominance of the lycopsid Omphalophloios colonized drier peat swamps with fluctuating water level (ombrothrophic). Peat swamp vegetation in Libiąz Beds was damper with localy transitional phase with increased incidence of the genus...
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