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Water mills, iron mills, saw mills, washboards and paper mills during the flash flood in summer 1714.
Elleder, L. ; Šírová, J. ; Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav ; Lopaur, M. ; Dragoun, Z.
The extraordinary flood disaster in the summer 1714 in the Sázava River, Svratka River, Loučná River and Chrudimka River catchments represents one of biggest known flash floods in the Czech flood history. The flood destroyed not only tens of houses, but also a number of water mills, iron mills and other outbuildings. It was also destroyed many ponds. This fact played an important role during the flood. This event significantly influenced the development of water mills and possibly also the development of a network of ponds in the affected area.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: UGN_0472198 - PDF
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Flash floods in the Czech lands on examples from the 16th – 21st centuries
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
An often discussed and still topical question is whether the frequency of the occurrence of flash floods has been increasing in the last decennia or the impression results only from the increased interest (and improved technical possibilities) of media and wide public in these extreme hydro-meteorological phenomena. There are many floods of this type that can be documented from the past, which occurred before the hydro-meteorological measurements. Although they did not affect vast areas, they usually represented (similarly as today) crushing disasters for the hit territories. The contribution brings examples of such extremes from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 21st century, which went down in the flood history of the affected areas.
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Instruction for flood warning signal service on the March River in Moravia and Lower Austria (to the 100-year anniversary of guidelines for provide flood alerts)
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
Since the threat of floods on our watercourses is of permanent character, the documentation of historical events and systematic records on their occurrence, impact and historical flood control measures they necessitated is still a topical task. Unlike in Bohemia, the service of flood alerts in Moravia was introduced as late as closely before Word War I according to a guideline issued in 1913 by Imperial and Royal Central Hydrographic Office in Vienna (in two separate versions – Czech and German). It concerned municipalities situated in Moravia and Lower Austria within inundation areas of Morava/March River and other large watercourses in its catchment – Bečva, Dyje, Svratka, Svitava and Jihlava Rivers. The guideline includes detailed instructions upon when and to whom rain-gauging and river-gauging stations should send warning about threatening floods.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: UGN_0426443 - PDF
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Disastrous winter flood in Czech lands and Central Europe in 1862 (at its 150th anniversary)
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav ; Hrádek, Mojmír
In 2012, we commemorate anniversaries of several important floods – not only more recent disasters but also some older historic cases. One of overwhelming natural calamities of the 19th century was the winter flood from 1862 since which already 150 years have elapsed. It affected not only Czech lands but also Germany and Austria. Until today, it is the second heaviest flood (after the flood disaster in March 1845) for the period of assessing Labe/Elbe River discharge values in Děčín. A rather surprising fact is that the flood in August 2002 was lower there than the two mentioned events and in terms of culmination discharge ranks only at the third place. This paper aims at reminding the hydrological extreme of Central-European scale and to document it with preserved data and information.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: UGN_0399400 - PDF
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Historic heavy floods in Carlsbad and flood control of this world-famous spa town
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
The known spa town of Karlovy Vary (Carslbad), named after Emperor Charles IV (1316-1378) and situated along the lower reach of the Teplá River before its opening into the Ohře River, has been undoubtedly troubled by high water since the very beginning of its existence. The town location has always been connected with a great risk of floods. One of the best- documented old flood events is the disastrous flood from 9 May 1582 caused by cloud burst during a storm on the upper reach of Teplá R. Notable floods of the 19th century include e.g. the heavy flood of September 1821 and namely the disaster of November 1890 during which a considerable part of the spa was devastated.Immense flood losses whose rectification took a long time were a new impetus for discussions resulting in numerous proposals for the implementation of possible flood control measures in the future. Often mentioned was the need of building water reservoirs.World War I had delayed the implementation of these measures and the water reservoir at Březová was constructed on the Teplá River in order to protect the town as late as 1932-1936.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: UGN_0386961 - PDF
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Floods – a natural phenomenon that would always shake to surprise
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
In the last twenty years, disastrous floods occurring in the Czech Republic affected smaller or larger areas (three extreme events occurred in 2010 alone). A particularly great surprise was the flood disaster in the summer of 1997, which caught a greater part of the population unprepared because several generations had not experienced a similar hydrological extreme – the historic memory of floods had been lost. In the past, people living along large rivers took into account the usual and often annually occurring natural phenomenon. However, the relation of today’s inhabitants in riverine landscapes and of the whole society to rivers and phenomena occurring on them changed during the 20th century. This is why the awareness of floods should be constantly restored, which is the aim of this work. The paper reminds and documents several disastrous floods, today already forgotten, occurring on Moravian or Bohemian rivers from the 16th century until the present and their impacts.
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Flash flood in southern Moravia from 9 June 1970 – natural disaster which claimed 35 human lives
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
The article is devoted to a today already forgotten flash flood, which was considered extreme from multiple viewpoints. It happened 40 years ago, on 9 June 1970, in the Kyjov region in southern Moravia on several small watercourses in the basins of Kyjovka R. and Trkmanka R. (left-bank tributaries of the Dyje/Thaya R.). The event was exceptional not only by the amount of fallen precipitation and by the discharge response on the streams but also by the extent of damage caused by storm waters. Nevertheless, the flood had more attributes, which point out its extreme character. By the number of 35 victims it ranks among the most tragic (not only local) floods that occurred in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century.
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Floods, landscape and people on the Morava/March River (on examples from the 17th up to 19th centuries)
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
In the natural conditions of central Europe, floods have been occurring at all times and we have to count on their occurrence in the future, too. None of the floods had the same behaviour and impact. All were unique and this is why the lessons learnt from historic flood cases are valuable for both the present time and the future. The analysis of the course of disastrous floods in the basins of Morava/March R. and Odra/Oder R. in July 1997 showed that the damage of properties and the high number of casualties were undoubtedly caused also by the loss of historic flood memory. Because our forefathers knew very well that floods are normal phenomenon and occur practically every year. The goal of this paper is to take our minds back to problems faced by inhabitants settled near the Morava River in connexion with floods and their impacts on examples from the period between the 17th-19th centuries.
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