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Do state interventions within the labour market lead to a better results?
Kremín, Jan ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with two state interventions within the labour market. The first intervention focuses on minimum wage. Most economists purport that the high ratio of minimum wage to average wage leads to a higher rate of unemployment amongst younger people (15 -- 24). This thesis analyses this issue in countries that are involved in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD countries"). The results differ between countries; however, it can generally be said that the high ratio of minimum wage to average wage leads to a higher rate of employment amongst younger people than between members of other analysed age groups. The second intervention focuses on the "pay as you go" pension system ("PAYG") as compared with a fully funded plan. This thesis compares the two major pension systems with the aim of determining which plan is more profitable. In the Czech Republic, between the years of 1995 and 2012, the fully funded plan was more profitable in eight of the nine pension funds analysed. Future estimations are dependent on population fluctuations and technological progress within the Czech Republic.
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Disguised employment relationship and its impact on the state budget
Vojtová, Magdaléna ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
In connection to growing indebtedness of the Czech Republic the government is searching for various ways how to increase income of the deficit budget. One of the ways could be optimization of tax collection. That is why the "svarc-system" which abuses disguised employment relationship was probihibited again by the amendment to the Act of Emlpoyment. The main aim of these thesis is to analyze how this type of disguised employment relationship effects the state budget. Furthemore the thesis deal with economical, social and legal implications of this issue. At the end the thesis study this issue in foreign countries and offers potential solutions of the situation.
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THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE IMMIGRATION POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN
Fraňková, Petra ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on migration issues in an economic downturn. The first part deals with basic concepts and theories of migration. Attention is focused primarily on economic migration, which is closely linked to labor migration. The following general assumptions about the determinants and factors affecting migration in an economic downturn. Relationship between recessions and migration illustrated chapter on the history of financial crises. Another section is devoted to the economic situation of Great Britain and generally captures the nature of migration in the UK. Subsequent chapters deal with current and historical development of immigration policy in the UK. Attention is paid to work programs, the modifications led to the introduction of a new points system. Briefly outlined the basic steps taken in connection with the economic downturn. This work is also about the possible effects of immigration policy on migratory flows, in connection with the adopted amendments.
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Analysis of demographic trends and their impact on labour market
Táboříková, Helena ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
Abstract The work deals with aging of population and its effect on the labour market. At the beginning of my work I focus on the basic demographic indicators, these are fertility, mortality and migration of the population. By an analysis of these indicators it is possible to come to important knowledge of future demographic development. It turns out to be true, that reproductive behavior in the Czech republic as well as in the other European countries changes. That has among others strong effect upon the labour market, because the number of younger employees decreases while the number of older ones increases. And on the economic activity of older people (and its support) I focus in the merits of my work. I also briefly describe the basic national and international policies on the field of population aging. These documents set forth basic aims and orientation, which should the economic policies of the states follow. These documents also identify the main problematic areas on which I focus at the end of my work.
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Pension income insurance position in the concept of pension reform
Kramperová, Jana ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
Pension income insurance is in the Czech market since 1994 and throughout its operation, the number of its clients increase. Its unique position is due to tax attractive and state contributions. Currently, on the market oprate 10 pension funds, which provides its clients with pension plans for 5 years and then can be saved as a single draw funds or annuity, according to the pension plan. The entire pension system is composed of two pillars PAYG and fading based , which are mutually complementary. Due to adverse demographic changes and financial sustainability of the system, it is necessary to reform the pension system. On the basis of economic expertise have been drawn up various options for changes in the voluntary pillar. Due to the necessary legislative changes, there was also a significant change in the pension income insurance scheme and its position was substantially changed. The voluntary nature of pension obligations have been replaced and now have the ability to save clients money into funds with different investment strategies. "Old" pension scheme will operate in parallelly with the new system, but access to it is no longer possible, it is possible that the pension insurance with state contribution in the longer term expires. The implementation of the government will decide next month.
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Analysis of Labour Market in District Kutna Hora
Musílková, Šárka ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis is focused on labour market flexibility in the Czech Republic and rate of unemployment in the district Kutna Hora. Study is divided into three parts. First main chapter is analyzing the rate of unemployment and its evolution in Kutna Hora. Main employers of the area are mentioned. Second part is referring to the problem of unemployment generally (problem of education, gender, length of unemployment). Third last part is related to the Taiwanese Foxconn Company which was founded in 2008 and has its head office in Kutna Hora and represents the strongest employer in the area. The main purpose of this thesis is to show the impact of Foxconn Company on Czech labour market and the situation of the rate of unemployment in district Kutna Hora between 2005 and 2010. Conclusion part includes a few recommendations.
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Pension reform in the Czech Republic (connection between family and pension policy)
Zavřelová, Gabriela ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
My diploma thesis will deal with the topic of unusual proposal of pension reform, which is based on the connection of the old-age-benefit and the number of brought children. Through the analysis of demographic development I try to show the dependency of today's pay-as-you-go pension system to number of persons gainfully employed with respect to the number of pensioners. Authors of the Children PAYG concept are noting of connection between family and pension policy and argue that the reason of unfriendly demographic structure and decreasing birth rate is right pension system. According to them this pension system make free riders who are described like people without own children. This fact should be considered in order to the claim to old age pension. In analytic part of this work will be researched individual variants of Children PAYG system. This part will be aimed at its positives and negatives especially. In conclusion of this work I'll propose a possible variant of this pension system which could resolve troubles of financial tenability, is in respect to deserts and at the same time would be equitable for as much people as possible.
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Slovak pension reform
Lukačovský, Tomáš ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
This essay inquires of retirement system in Slovakia. In the first theoretical part author brings the retirement system in, its evolution and character. Also inform about genesis of reform and introduce its legislative basic. In the second part of essay author analyses period of time when the government was changed twice. Every government set up the pension system according to its ideas. The main target of this essay is to recalculate that changes and point at real impact in form of deficit, public debt or in form of saver.
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Economic Crisis Impact into Labour market Development in Region Highlands
Kubátová, Dana ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Nohál, Martin (referee)
The Diploma thesis is focused on regional labour market development in Highlands during the economic crisis that brought negative impacts, especially into an area of industrial production. The main objective of thesis is to evaluate this labour market development, to analyse the impacts of economic crisis in selected economic entities that are significant regional employers and to research of practical solutions of negative consequences for elimination of this negative impacts needs. Integral part of thesis is also presentation of instruments that were implemented by regional institutions as part of employment policy.
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