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Plant perception of soil heterogeneity in the field
Hrouda, Adam ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Martínková, Jana (referee)
Nutrients are usually patchily distributed in natural soils. Plants are often able to respond to nutrient heterogeneity in artificial conditions by active plastic changes of root system morphology. The occurrence or magnitude of a foraging response can be altered by the presence of competition. However, it is unclear to what extent root foraging takes place in the field. I conducted a field experiment in order to determine the effect of an artificial nutrient patch on fine belowground biomass of (a) an established community and (b) model plants. The study array consisted of a grid of 30×30 cm plots with model plants located in the centre. Half of the plots contained the artificial patch located 5.5 cm from the model plant. Fertilizer patch treatment did not increase mean plot fine underground biomass. Instead, fine underground biomass was higher in places of greater soil moisture estimated from mean plot EIVs. Neither total model plant root biomass nor proportion of roots in the enriched quarter increased in the fertilizer treatment. Competition was probably higher in fertilized than in control plots judging by a 2-fold increase in death rate of model plants. However, greater proportion of model plants flowered in the treatment plots. Possible causes include a plastic response to the patch as well...
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Use of recorder for speech development of preschool children
Martínková, Jana ; Kmentová, Milena (advisor) ; Hurníková, Kateřina (referee)
The following master thesis covers the use of the recorder and music activities as part of logopaedic prevention by preschool-age children. The theoretical part describes the general knowledge about speech, malfunctions of communicational skills emphasizing developmental dysphasia and dyslalia. The major part deals with music therapy and recorder and describes them as tools of logopaedic prevention. The practical part analyses data gained from the own action research and includes an in-depth case history of a boy suffering from developmental dysphasia. This part focuses mainly on analysing the impact of diverse musical activities with children within preschool music classes. The analysis also covers children's good practice of breathing habits as well as their melodic and rhythmic perception.
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The Quality of Teaching by Beginning Physics Teachers
Martínková, Jana ; Žák, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Mandíková, Dana (referee)
The strategic goal of the research is to contribute to the search for connections between the teaching quality and other factors, and to deepen the understanding of the context of the teaching quality. The research question is posed as follows: Which parameters of the quality of physics teaching are typical for beginning teachers? To answer the question a mixed method research design was used and a case study was chosen as the basic research plan. An ex-post-facto research was chosen as the design of the quantitative part of the research, and the data was collected using the method of pedagogical observation. Regarding the qualitative part, the data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The research sample consisted of four physics teachers, teaching in grammar schools, who have recently graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University. This research shows that there are parameters of the quality of physics teaching which the teachers have in common (e.g. high level of physics expertise, lecturing, mathematics, abstraction, knowledge structure). Besides common features of the teaching quality of the selected teachers there are certain differences (e.g. teaching aids, experiments, work with text, student's activity, demands placed on students).
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Polyhedra and their nets
Martínková, Jana ; Šarounová, Alena (advisor) ; Bečvář, Jindřich (referee)
This text is especially intended as an educational material and didactic help for primary and secondary-school teachers. The thesis can be divided into four parts. In the first one there are summerized facts about polyhedra. There is said something about prisms, pyramids, regular, semiregular and Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. Other part consists of worksheets especially for secondary-school students. It could be helpfull for improving their skills. In the third part we can find solutions of worksheets made by students. In the last part of thesis there are some examples of models as didactic help.
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The importance of integrating children with Down syndrome on their socialization
Martínková, Jana ; Žáčková, Hana (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
The first part of the bachelor thesis The importance of integration of a child with Down syndrome for his or her socialization depicts intellectual disability. In this section the thesis adresses the notion of intellectual disability, it classifies intellectual disability, it points out the most common causes of intellectual disability and depicts possibilities of educability of mentally handicapped people. In the following part the thesis deals elaborately with the problems of Down syndrome. The content of the following chapter is the importance of integration of children with Down syndrome for their socialization. The thesis also includes a list of therapies used and an elaborately depicted alternative and augmentative method according to Mrs. Šarounová. The practical part brings casuistry of Amálka and a questionnaire survey.
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Zlepšování systému environmentálního managementu Metrostav a.s.
Martinková, Jana ; Plášková, Alena (advisor) ; Chvojková, Helena (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá revizí firemních procesů u konkrétní společnosti dle požadavků stanovených v normě ISO 14 001. V první části jsou zrevidovány současné světové přístupy k systémům environmentálního managementu. V praktické části jsou analyzovány jednotlivé požadavky normy a srovnávány se skutečným stavem ve firmě. Výstupem je pak navrhnutí zlepšení a shrnutí klíčových oblastí doporučení, které by firma měla přímo aplikovat.
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