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Perception of Generative Artificial Intelligence in selected Newsrooms of Domestic News Media with a Focus on Changes in Journalistic Ethics
Vaněček, Lukáš ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The bachelor thesis delves into the subject of artificial intelligence and simultaneously explores its application in domestic editorial offices, along with the emerging ethical challenges associated with these technologies. In the theoretical section, in addition to introducing generative artificial intelligence itself and platforms such as ChatGPT or Midjourney operating on this basis, it describes the ethical domains in which the mentioned tools may instigate changes. The thesis includes a qualitative research component based on twelve in-depth semi- structured interviews with respondents from both public-service and private newsrooms actively utilizing generative artificial intelligence. Keywords Artificial Intelligence, AI, ChatGPT, Midjourney, ethics, transformation, machine learning, automated journalism, media Title Perception of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Selected Newsrooms of Domestic News Media with a Focus on Changes in Journalistic Ethics
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Ethics of Image Generative Artificial Intelligence in Journalism
Janota, Filip ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Géla, František (referee)
The ethics of image generative artificial intelligence in journalism is a topic that has not yet been thoroughly explored by academics. This paper seeks to make a new contribution to the field and to lay the foundations for further research. In the theoretical section, it summarizes existing knowledge on generative artificial intelligence, contextualizes it within the overall development of artificial intelligence, and describes its penetration into communication and journalism. It reflects on the literature published to date and quotes from studies that relate to the topic. It also looks at the phenomenon of image manipulation and the spread of misinformation and, last but not least, the treatment of artificial intelligence in the context of journalistic self-regulation. The practical part then presents the actual research, which is conducted as a qualitative content analysis of three case studies depicting the dissemination of images created by artificial intelligence. These are firstly the alleged arrest of Donald Trump, secondly the artificially created photograph of the pope and thirdly the photograph databases. The research was carried out to reveal the specifics of the threat of the spread of misinformation based on the output of text-to-image models of generative artificial intelligence. It...
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The Truth in Media After Artificial Intelligence Application
Čejka, Pavel ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
The master's thesis is devoted to the analysis of the challenges and opportunities brought by the emergence of generative artificial intelligence in the news media. The aim of this thesis is not only to explore what changes are expected in the media landscape as a result of the development of AI-produced content, but also to identify the ethical challenges associated with this technology. In particular, the thesis focuses on how the boundaries of truthfulness and defending reality are shifting under the influence of the development of AI-generated content. The thesis uses qualitative research through semi-structured interviews with AI experts. The main findings show that generative AI has the potential to transform news media and society as a whole. Experts agree that AI can help automate routine tasks, allowing journalists to engage in more analytical and insightful work. The changing paradigm of truth reflects society's transition to the digital era. However, with this progress comes challenges such as the potential for misuse of AI to produce infomation disorder and erode public trust in media content. Another important area of inquiry is the ethical and normative regulation of AI. The research highlights the need for discussion among experts, and the importance of transparency in training data...
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Applying Constructive Journalism in Global energy crisis reporting: Perspective of selected Czech journalists
Gastová, Tereza ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
1 Abstract The following master's theses is focused on the emerging journalistic approach constructive journalism and its possible usage in the news coverage. The phenomenon is further examined through the case of the global energy crises - period between 2021 and 2022, when energy prices increased steeply in several countries around the world. The thesis explores constructive journalism through the eyes of the six Czech journalists who covered this event in different news media outlets. Through a case study approach, the theses deliver an insight into how the selected journalists approached reporting on global energy crisis and whether their work included some of the attributes of constructive journalism. The theoretical chapters of the thesis introduce readers to the phenomenon of constructive journalism and the work of news media in crisis situations. It also addresses negativity in journalism, the trend of news avoidance and declining trust in mainstream media. The research consists of two qualitative methods, thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and content analysis of selected news articles. The research part describes how the interviewed journalists attempted to explain the complex energetics phenomena to their audiences and place the information in context. It also reflects how they...
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Czechoslovak newsreels from the perspective of social transformation (1989-1990)
Černý, Ondřej ; Lokšík, Martin (advisor) ; Moravec, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the end of film news in Czechoslovakia, which was realized in the form of film weekly newsreels until 1990. In the first part I define film news from the theoretical and terminological point of view and try to describe its specifics. I then explain its birth and the production of newsreel films on our country's territory, from its beginnings before the First World War until the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the establishment of democracy, which ended the continuous, state- subsidized and controlled production of regularly published weeklies. In the second, practical part, I use the method of qualitative content analysis to examine the form and thematic framework of the weekly newsreels produced in 1989, when a new concept of film reporting focused on the so-called magazines began to take effect, and in 1990, the year Czechoslovakia entered the democratic process. My aim is to find out what was the role of weekly newsreels as a means of socialist propaganda and a channel of social criticism in the first, revolutionary year and how they changed in the second, democratic year. Although they were no longer bound by ideology, the end of the state film monopoly brought an end to their financial support and power protection, which led to an early end of their...
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Selected contemporary ethical issues of journalists'self-branding in the era of digital media network
Šponerová, Adéla ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of the process of personal branding in the era of networked digital media on the Czech media scene. With the emergence of new technologies and social networks, society and media have undergone significant transformations, which have led, for example, to changes in the norms of the journalistic profession. The paper focuses on the process of branding in journalism and identifies ethically controversial aspects related to this phenomenon. The analysis of a research sample of Czech journalists reveals diverse approaches to branding. At the same time, it highlights the changes in the perception of the journalistic profession and the penetration of non-media elements into the journalistic field. The study also describes what challenges and opportunities this activity brings. It also points out the shortcomings of ethical standards and the absence of approaches that would reflect the new media reality. Despite its many limitations, the work presents the reality of contemporary journalism and provides a starting point for further exploration of this phenomenon in the Czech space.
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AI and fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence
Haber, Josef ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled AI & fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence examines the connections between contemporary journalism, fact-checking, and artificial intelligence tools in the post-truth era. It describes the relationships between objectivity and interpretation and explores the problem of dichotomy between fact and value. The theoretical discussion is then translated into a practical issue using the journalistic discipline of fact-checking. Artificial intelligence tools and their potential for journalism are introduced. The practical part of the thesis focuses on experiments with an AI tool that automates fact-checking. The tool is tested using four alternative knowledge bases represented by Czech media datasets. All models show the expected response to ontologically truthful and false claims, confirming truths and debunking lies. Subsequently, the true opinions of the models about social reality are tested. The results demonstrate that the models adopt the opinions published in the datasets. However, it was not possible to trace systematic model opinions towards polarization in thematic areas from the results. The thesis includes suggestions for future changes in experiments. In the conclusion, the results are linked with both practical...
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Contemporary Press Coverage of Student Protests at the Tiananmen Square
Prokopová, Tereza Patricie ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Moravec, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to analyse how three newspapers, namely Rudé právo, The Guardian and The New York Times, presented the student protests in Tiananmen Square in 1989. The period from 13 May 1989 to 26 June 1989 was chosen for the analysis, as it fully covers the situation preceding the massacre, the massacre of 4 June 1989 itslelf and its aftermath. In order to achieve the most accurate results, qualitative content analysis and so-called grounded theory will be used. The questions that will be answered through this thesis concern the specific aspects on which the individual newspapers placed emphasis, as well as how often the events were covered and with what temporal sequence, then which language features were used, and which reporting principles were applied within the news and journalistic texts. Based on the data collected, it was found that Rudé právo, ideologically charting communist mindset in China, held similar views to the Chinese Government, i.e. that the students attempted to overthrow the Government and the regime, and during the actual suppression of the protests, the soldiers were attacked by the students, not the other way around. The Guardian and The New York Times reported on the protests in a quite opposite way, regarding the protests as pro-democracy and the military...
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The Role of Public Editors in a Comparative Perspective
Makhinchuk, Yuliia ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Součková, Barbora (referee)
The bachelor thesis The Role of Public Editors in a Comparative Perspective examines the position of ten ombudsmen from the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Canada, Portugal, and Denmark. Using a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews conducted with ten respondents representing television, radio, print and online media, it finds out, which of the two models proposed by Dutch media theorists Arjen van Dalen and Mark Deuz they lean towards. The results show that a minority of ombudsmen fall under the definition of the reader's advocate, so the majority represent the paper's ambassador. However, the interviews show that this model does not sufficiently reflect reality, as each medium and ombudsman has a different nature. The findings further show that the rise of social media and misinformation puts ombudsmen in a position where they must not only explain editorial practices to audiences, but also defend certain journalists.
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