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Variabilita hlasu drozda zpěvného \kur{(Turdus philomelos)}
MAJEROVÁ, Veronika
I studied the variability of the species-specific song of the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) and its vocal mimicry. Individuals were recorded, and the sequences were subsequently analysed. I tested several hypotheses that deal with avian vocal mimicry. In this work, the influence of vegetation structure and abiotic factors on the use of imitated species in Song Thrush voice was also presented.
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Genetic basis of phenotypic variability in domesticated animals
Majerová, Veronika ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee)
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological variability among different species of animals represents an important goal in evolutionary biology. Origin and changes of the phenotypic variability during the evolution is possible to study in domesticated animals. The domesticated species of animals represent a brilliant model for studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for origin of new phenotypes due to enormous morphological variability of different domesticated breeds, effortless breeding in captivity and frequent knowledge of the genomic sequence. The aim of this bachelor work is to summarize actual findings about concrete mutations which are responsible for the origination of the new morphological characters in the domesticated animals. These findings can help us to clarify how the evolution functions on the molecular level.
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Interspecific hybridization in Acrocephalus warblers.
Majerová, Veronika ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Kotlík, Petr (referee)
Acrocephalus warblers have gone through the adaptive radiation during last severalmillion years, which gave rise to thirty one species occupying mainly Eurasia,Africa and Australia. The majority of species are morphologically very similar,however, they differ in ecological requirements, migration strategy, and song.Interspecific hybridization seems to be quite common among Acrocephaluswarblers, not only between sister species, but also between more distantly relatedtaxa. The main goal of this study was to determine whether this hybridization leadsto gene flow between species and which factors affect the rate of interspecific geneflow. For this purpose we conducted population-genetic analysis in three Europeanspecies of the Acrocephalus warblers of the subgenus Notiocichla: reed warbler (A.scirpaceus), marsh warbler (A. palustris), and blyth's reed warbler (A. dumetorum).Our results based on the analysis of sequence data from eight nuclear loci indicate,that gene flow between the studied species occurs, but only in one direction. Thegene flow is higher between genetically more related species than betweenecologically more similar species. We also estimated that the reed warbler and themarsh warbler diverged approximately 1,1 million years ago. The blyth's warblerand ancestor of the reed and marsh warbler...
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Regeneration abilities among vertebrates
Majerová, Veronika ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
Among vertebrates the ability to regenerate various body structure, from the cellular level to diverse internal organs or even the complex body structures (such as limb or tail), is unequally distributed across animal taxa. Regeneration is understood as the restoration of damaged or completely lost tissues, while the restored structure is more or less similar or even identical to the original structure. Regeneration is naturally often preceded by an encounter with a predator, when the animal is directly injured by the predator or an autotomy may occur as an anti-predator mechanism, which means that the animal voluntarily releases an appendage. Autotomy and following regeneration have many advantages but there can also appear some costs associated with these events which may have various consequences Masters in regeneration are considered to be mainly urodele amphibians who are able to perfectly regenerate various body structures (such as eye lens, limb or tail) and this ability persists throughout their lives, unlike anuran amphibians, in which the ability to regenerate after metamorphosis decreases significantly. In contrast to amphibians, the ability to regenerate among mammals or birds is severely limited. The aim of this work is to approach the ability of regeneration and the mechanisms by...
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Pathophysiology of non-motor symptoms in basal ganglia involvement
Majerová, Veronika ; Roth, Jan (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee) ; Papežová, Hana (referee)
The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of brain nuclei situated deep in the cerebral hemispheres. While BG were primarily associated with motor functions, in recent years there has been an increasing evidence that BG are also significantly involved in a wide range of non-motor functions. This work focused on some of the non-motor symptoms associated with two typical basal ganglia disorders: Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The first study concerned spatial navigation impairment in patients with HD. Their spatial navigation skills were tested using the Blue Velvet Arena, technique evaluating spatial navigation in real space, capable to selectively differentiate between two components of spatial navigation - allocentric (environment-oriented) and egocentric (self-oriented). Allocentric navigation is linked to hippocampal function, whereas egocentric navigation is usually associated with striatum, a structure predominantly affected in HD. We found that spatial navigation is not significantly affected in the early stages of HD and that in more advanced stages, when spatial navigation is already impaired, there is no significant difference between allocentric and egocentric navigation impairment. We speculate that the striatal involvement does not contribute to the impairment of the...
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Interspecific hybridization in Acrocephalus warblers.
Majerová, Veronika ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Kotlík, Petr (referee)
Acrocephalus warblers have gone through the adaptive radiation during last severalmillion years, which gave rise to thirty one species occupying mainly Eurasia,Africa and Australia. The majority of species are morphologically very similar,however, they differ in ecological requirements, migration strategy, and song.Interspecific hybridization seems to be quite common among Acrocephaluswarblers, not only between sister species, but also between more distantly relatedtaxa. The main goal of this study was to determine whether this hybridization leadsto gene flow between species and which factors affect the rate of interspecific geneflow. For this purpose we conducted population-genetic analysis in three Europeanspecies of the Acrocephalus warblers of the subgenus Notiocichla: reed warbler (A.scirpaceus), marsh warbler (A. palustris), and blyth's reed warbler (A. dumetorum).Our results based on the analysis of sequence data from eight nuclear loci indicate,that gene flow between the studied species occurs, but only in one direction. Thegene flow is higher between genetically more related species than betweenecologically more similar species. We also estimated that the reed warbler and themarsh warbler diverged approximately 1,1 million years ago. The blyth's warblerand ancestor of the reed and marsh warbler...
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Genetic basis of phenotypic variability in domesticated animals
Majerová, Veronika ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee) ; Reifová, Radka (advisor)
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological variability among different species of animals represents an important goal in evolutionary biology. Origin and changes of the phenotypic variability during the evolution is possible to study in domesticated animals. The domesticated species of animals represent a brilliant model for studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for origin of new phenotypes due to enormous morphological variability of different domesticated breeds, effortless breeding in captivity and frequent knowledge of the genomic sequence. The aim of this bachelor work is to summarize actual findings about concrete mutations which are responsible for the origination of the new morphological characters in the domesticated animals. These findings can help us to clarify how the evolution functions on the molecular level.
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Methods and processes of accounting reserves of chosen accounting entity
MAJEROVÁ, Veronika
This Bachelor work attend to assessing and accounting inventory of a chosen company. Literature relating these questions and information from the chosen company were the main source of information. The theory background is focused especially on the audit of inventory and a theory of conduct of inventory. In this work, there are explained different methods, models and procedures of conduct of inventory. The theory background describes characteristics of inventory, accounting and assessing inventory.The practical part analyses audit and conduct of inventory in the chosen company. In the first place, I the company which I chose for my work, and I describes its activity. Next, I focused my work on the audit of inventory in this company, audit´s procedures. In the last part I described audit of inventory when buying, producing and selling. The work is closed by assessing methods which are used in this company.
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