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Gut microbiome and its changes related to therapy of chronic diseases
Hurych, Jakub ; Cinek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Falt, Přemysl (referee)
This work examines the response of the gut microbiome to therapeutic interventions in three longitudinal studies of chronic gastrointestinal diseases: Crohn's disease, celiac autoimmunity and irritable bowel syndrome. Multiple methods of stool microbiome analysis (especially massively parallel 16S rDNA or 18S rDNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing) followed by bioinformatic and statistical analysis were used. In Crohn's disease, we detected a previously undescribed secondary nature of changes in the gut bacteriome after anti-TNF treatment. In celiac disease autoimmunity, where previous works described an effect of probiotic intervention on serological markers of the disease, the gut bacteriome and metabolome, we described the absence of significant changes in beneficial gut protozoa. In irritable bowel syndrome, we observed a significant response of the bacteriome after administering four doses of mixed microbiota transplantation but no response in the reduction of clinical symptoms. The results of these studies could contribute to a better understanding of the gut microbiome's role in the pathogenesis of these serious diseases. Keywords: microbiome, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome
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Design of Forming Tool and Machinery for Couting out of Pad
Kolář, Milan ; Štroner, Marek (referee) ; Dvořák, Milan (advisor)
The Diploma Thesis presents a draft of designated automatic apparatus for cutting out and assembling pads for pressure control valve (DRV2). The theoretical chapter of the Thesis contains selected findings from theory and technology for material cutting. The next chapter contains design solutions for a designated apparatus for cutting and assembling pressure control valves. The pads are etched from 0,08 mm steel plates X2CrNi Mol7-12-2. The shape of the pads is etched on a 35mm-wide belt that is wound up onto a drum. The draft of this new technological facility has been elaborated in accordance with the most suitable technological variant. The cutting tool is made of steel 19 437 that is thermally processed at HRC 62-4. Estimated annual volume of production series is 2 mil. pcs. The cutting and assembly processes are executed with the aid of this designated automatic apparatus.
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Production of tool for pressing formed shim into flange
Kolář, Milan ; Císařová, Michaela (referee) ; Dvořák, Milan (advisor)
The Baccalaureate Thesis deals with the design of a tool for fixing of thrust rings in flanges of high pressure fuel injection pumps. The theoretical part of the final project summarizes both theory-based and cold metal and alloy working-based knowledge. Three options of fixing the thrust ring in the flange of a high pressure fuel injection pump have been developed. Based on tests carried out, the option II has been chosen for repairs of fuel injection pumps flanges since it seems to be the most advantageous one. The high pressure fuel injection pump flange is made of AlSilMgMn aluminium alloy. The thrust ring is made by C 75 sheet steel stamping according to DIN 17222 (ČSN 12081). The tool drawing was made on the basis of the best-fit technology repair option. Stamping tools are made of 19 452 steel and hardened to HRC 60-4. The assumed yearly output amounts to 7000 pieces. A special purpose machine is used for repairing fuel injection pump flanges.
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Computer controled inteligent elements of electrical instalation
Kolář, Milan ; Macháček, Jan (referee) ; Bátora, Branislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the field of intelligent wiring. In the first part, there is an explanation of how the inteligent wiring works, its main parts, topology and categorization. In the second part, there is an example of practical application which is built on the elements of the INELS system. There is also a comparison with the classic (conventional) wiring. It is followed by programming and setting up of the wiring with the included software IDM. Finally, there is an example of visualization, a possibility of remote control and function management with a data net.
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The Study of Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota of Human and Pets as a Possible Source of Antibiotic Resistance
Wipler, Jan ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Bardoň, Jan (referee)
The study of shared bacterial and fungal microbiota of human and pets as a possible source of antibiotic resistance Summary: The microbiological aspect of the pet and owner relationship focuses on the microorganisms forming the microbiome. The sharing of the household by the owner and the pet is reflected in the two-way communication of the microbiota. The aims of the dissertation is to determine the microbial spectrum of bacteria and yeasts that can be cultivated in vitro in standard laboratory conditions. Antibiotic treatment in the last year could influence colonization by resistant microorganisms, therefore the abundance of shared bacterial and yeast species showing the same antimicrobial resistance phenotype between owners and their pets were monitored with respect to behavioral models. A total of 1156 samples were obtained from 120 owners' households and 80 control group participants without pet. Nasal mucosa, intertoe space, axillae, and auditory cannula swabs were collected from 145 owners and nasal mucosa and auditory cannula samples from 128 pets. 320 samples from the same anatomical locations like in owners were also provided to a control group of 80 people who have no contact with any animal for more than 1 year. All owners filled in a questionnaire with a statement regarding their relationship...
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Compounds with potential antimicrobial effect
Marková, Aneta ; Soukup, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Otřísal, Pavel (referee)
The thesis deals with the synthesis and evaluation of quaternary ammonium salts. The theoretical part describes the chemical structure of these substances, their physico-chemical properties and decontamination capabilities. The experimental part deals mainly with the synthesis of new quaternary ammonium salts, but also with the extension of the spectrum of commonly used substances (benzoxonium salts). The research work includes the preparation of mono-quaternary and bis- quaternary derivatives. The following part of the experimental work focuses on the decontamination capabilities of CAS, the determination of the critical micellar concentration as a fundamental characteristic of these surfactants and the determination of cytotoxicity as their fundamental biological characteristic. Methods for determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration on selected planktonic forms of bacteria and determining the minimum biofilm eradicating concentration on two bacterial biofilms were also included as characteristics of potentially decontaminating properties of a biological nature. This work also deals with the evaluation of antiviral activity on murine cytomegalovirus and new type of coronavirus . The above-mentioned determination of the critical micellar concentration is necessary to...
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Molecular epidemiological analysis of carbapenem resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.
Šrámková, Anna ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Gniadkowski, Marek (referee)
Currently, the development of bacterial resistance is one of the major healthcare problems. Especially, the significant continuous increase of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which most often affected seriously ill hospitalized patients, is a cause for great concern. Worldwide dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes is largely associated with mobile genetic elements and the clonal spread of high-risk clones. The dissertation thesis is focused on a molecular-epidemiological mapping of carbapenemase-positive Gram-negative isolates detected in hospital settings throughout the Czech Republic. Since 2015, a significant increase of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceæ (CPE) was detected in our country, mainly attributed to the dissemination of OXA-48 and NDM enzymes. Studies focusing on the first big outbreaks as well as sporadic cases of OXA-48 and NDM carbapenemases were performed. Results showed that blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids, which are derivatives of the archetypal IncL plasmid pOXA-48 originally described in Turkey, play a major role in the dissemination of OXA-48 enzymes in Czech hospitals. This finding is in agreement with the data from previous studies reported worldwide. The study of NDM-positive isolates revealed that IncX3 plasmids are the main factor contributing to the...
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Development and Validation of Methods for Rapid Detection of β-lactamases Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Early Detection of Infectious Disease Agents and Their Antibiotic Resistance
Pašková, Veronika ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Dolejská, Monika (referee)
The discovery of antibiotics and their subsequent clinical use has had a tremendous and beneficial impact on human health. β-lactam antibiotics are considered the most widely used therapeutic class of antibacterials prescribed in human and veterinary clinical practices due to their excellent safety profile and broad antimicrobial spectrum. β-lactams have undergone continuous development since their introduction in order to improve properties such as potency, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic and safety profiles and to counter the emergence of resistance. Resistance can occur by multiple mechanisms, including, notably, the production of β-lactamases and modification of β-lactam receptors - penicillin-binding proteins. The resistance of bacterial pathogens to common antimicrobial therapies and the emergence of multidrug- resistant bacteria are increasing at an alarming rate in Czechia. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance in clinical isolates is critical to the design of novel therapeutics and the improvement of detection techniques. Insight into the genetic basis of resistance can also reveal drug design strategies for curtailing the spread of resistance and combatting multidrug-resistant organisms. This dissertation thesis concerns different thematic investigations, beginning with the...
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Microbiological Aspects of Infectious Diseases Therapy
Paterová, Pavla ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: The method of serum bactericidal assay represents an alternative possibility of optimization of anti-infectious therapy and administration of antibiotics. It mirrors the real activity of one or more administered antibiotics in the complex system of the antibacterial effect of patient's serum. The paper aimed to confirm non-inferiority of bactericidal testing using the broth dilution method according to CLSI M21-A Guidelines (time to results 48, 72 hours) in comparison with modified methods of testing on the basis of turbidimetry (time to result 6, 8, 24 hours) and resazurin color (time to results 8, 24 hours). Methods: Four antibiotics were tested: gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem with 30 Escherichia coli strains isolated from blood cultures of 29 pacients hospitalised in different wards, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove. Human blood sera (n = 76) from ten hematological patients (4th Department of Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove) were tested to establish bactericidal titer. Patients' blood was withdrawn prior to and in the course of the first and third day of antibiotic therapy of febrile neutropenia. Testing employed the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Results: A comparison with the standard CSLI showed that the...
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