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Molecular epidemiological analysis of carbapenem resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.
Šrámková, Anna ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Gniadkowski, Marek (referee)
Currently, the development of bacterial resistance is one of the major healthcare problems. Especially, the significant continuous increase of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which most often affected seriously ill hospitalized patients, is a cause for great concern. Worldwide dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes is largely associated with mobile genetic elements and the clonal spread of high-risk clones. The dissertation thesis is focused on a molecular-epidemiological mapping of carbapenemase-positive Gram-negative isolates detected in hospital settings throughout the Czech Republic. Since 2015, a significant increase of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceæ (CPE) was detected in our country, mainly attributed to the dissemination of OXA-48 and NDM enzymes. Studies focusing on the first big outbreaks as well as sporadic cases of OXA-48 and NDM carbapenemases were performed. Results showed that blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids, which are derivatives of the archetypal IncL plasmid pOXA-48 originally described in Turkey, play a major role in the dissemination of OXA-48 enzymes in Czech hospitals. This finding is in agreement with the data from previous studies reported worldwide. The study of NDM-positive isolates revealed that IncX3 plasmids are the main factor contributing to the...
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Molecular epidemiological analysis of carbapenem resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.
Šrámková, Anna ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Gniadkowski, Marek (referee)
Currently, the development of bacterial resistance is one of the major healthcare problems. Especially, the significant continuous increase of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which most often affected seriously ill hospitalized patients, is a cause for great concern. Worldwide dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes is largely associated with mobile genetic elements and the clonal spread of high-risk clones. The dissertation thesis is focused on a molecular-epidemiological mapping of carbapenemase-positive Gram-negative isolates detected in hospital settings throughout the Czech Republic. Since 2015, a significant increase of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceæ (CPE) was detected in our country, mainly attributed to the dissemination of OXA-48 and NDM enzymes. Studies focusing on the first big outbreaks as well as sporadic cases of OXA-48 and NDM carbapenemases were performed. Results showed that blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids, which are derivatives of the archetypal IncL plasmid pOXA-48 originally described in Turkey, play a major role in the dissemination of OXA-48 enzymes in Czech hospitals. This finding is in agreement with the data from previous studies reported worldwide. The study of NDM-positive isolates revealed that IncX3 plasmids are the main factor contributing to the...
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Mapping the scale of lexemes from colloquialism up to vulgarism (expletives, swear words) in everyday English/Zmapování výrazů na škále hovorové slovo - vulgarismus v běžně užívané současné angličtině
ŠRÁMKOVÁ, Anna
This diploma thesis is focused on dangerous words in everyday English. Among such words belong a wide range of expressions from informal, colloquial language, slang, jargon, euphemism, double-meaning words as well as dysphemisms, vulgarisms and taboo words. In the theoretical part, it is dealt with the definition of the individual categories on this scale. A historical perspective on swearing is examined and contrasted with the contemporary attitudes. A suggestion of how to treat swearing in education is given in this part, too. The practical part focuses on examining written and spoken excerpts from various points of view, i.e. from the perspective of frequency of the occurrence. The corpora of the written samples were collected from books of literature recommended for high schools, and one book of author's choice; the spoken samples come from TV series, and one movie - all of them freely available to the public.
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